why ketamine makes you happy

7/30/2019 Why Ketamine Makes You Happy

1/9

Why Ketamine Makes You Happy

by Sarah C.P. Williams on 15 June 2011, 1:00 PM | 0 Comments

Share on email EmailShare on print Print |Share on facebookShare on google_plusone

Share on redditShare on stumbleuponMore Sharing Services More

Previous ArticleNext Article

Enlarge Image

Happy drug? Ketamine helps combat depression.

Credit: Psychonaught/Wikimedia

When psychiatrists write a prescription for a typical antidepressant such as Zoloft or

Paxil, they don't expect their patients to show much improvement for a few weeks.

Clinical trials, however, have shown that low doses of a drug known as ketamine, which

is used at higher doses as an anesthetic and is taken recreationally as a hallucinogen

(sometimes called "Special K"), can ease the symptoms of depression within hours.

Now, scientists have figured out how ketamine works in the brain. In the process,

they've uncovered a new molecular pathway involved in clinical depression.

Neuroscientist Lisa Monteggia and her colleagues at the University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas began their work on ketamine by verifying what

other scientists have shown: 30 minutes after receiving a dose of ketamine, mice prone

to depression show an easing of their symptoms. When put in a tub of water, mice

considered depressed quickly give up escape attempts and instead float motionless.

After receiving ketamine treatment, such mice swim for a longer period of time in the

water.

Monteggia's team then moved toward understanding how the drug affects the brain.

Scientists already knew that ketamine binds to, and blocks, a receptor in the brain calledNMDAR, which triggers its anesthetic effects, so Monteggia's group used other
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/why-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html#sci-commentshttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&winname=addthis&pub=sciencehabit&source=tbx-250&lng=en-US&s=reddit&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&title=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&ate=AT-sciencehabit/-/-/4feca95c8bab9ce2/1&frommenu=1&uid=4feca95ca829d450&ct=1&ui_cobrand=ScienceNOW&pre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fketamine%2Fketamine.shtml&tt=0http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&winname=addthis&pub=sciencehabit&source=tbx-250&lng=en-US&s=stumbleupon&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&title=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&ate=AT-sciencehabit/-/-/4feca95c8bab9ce2/2&frommenu=1&uid=4feca95ce588d84d&ct=1&ui_cobrand=ScienceNOW&pre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fketamine%2Fketamine.shtml&tt=0http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&winname=addthis&pub=sciencehabit&source=tbx-250&lng=en-US&s=stumbleupon&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&title=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&ate=AT-sciencehabit/-/-/4feca95c8bab9ce2/2&frommenu=1&uid=4feca95ce588d84d&ct=1&ui_cobrand=ScienceNOW&pre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fketamine%2Fketamine.shtml&tt=0http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/live-chat-the-cell-phone-brain-c.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/first-results-from-japanese-neut.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/first-results-from-japanese-neut.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/assets/2011/06/15/sn-ketamine.jpghttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/assets_c/2011/06/sn-ketamine-thumb-autox600-10218.jpghttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&winname=addthis&pub=sciencehabit&source=tbx-250&lng=en-US&s=reddit&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&title=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&ate=AT-sciencehabit/-/-/4feca95c8bab9ce2/1&frommenu=1&uid=4feca95ca829d450&ct=1&ui_cobrand=ScienceNOW&pre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fketamine%2Fketamine.shtml&tt=0http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&winname=addthis&pub=sciencehabit&source=tbx-250&lng=en-US&s=stumbleupon&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&title=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&ate=AT-sciencehabit/-/-/4feca95c8bab9ce2/2&frommenu=1&uid=4feca95ce588d84d&ct=1&ui_cobrand=ScienceNOW&pre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fketamine%2Fketamine.shtml&tt=0http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/live-chat-the-cell-phone-brain-c.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/first-results-from-japanese-neut.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/assets/2011/06/15/sn-ketamine.jpghttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/why-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html#sci-comments


2/9

compounds to block NMDARs in mice. As the water test revealed, the animals

depression once again lessened, so the researchers knew that ketamine's antidepressant

effects also depended on NMDAR. Next, the team studied how levels of certain proteins

in the brain changed when mice were given ketamine. Blocking NMDARs with other

compounds turns off production of some proteins, but ketamine causes the neurons to

make more of a protein called BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), theresearchers report online today inNature. The findings suggest a new set of molecules

that ketamine and NMDAR affects, and that means a new set of molecules involved in

depression.

Live Chat: Are We Training Too Many Scientists? Thursday 3 p.m. EDT

"There was no precedent for this," Monteggia says. "We had no idea why blocking an

NMDAR would produce protein." There are two ways of activating NMDARs. Some

turn on when the specific neurons fire to accomplish a taskbe it learning, memorizing,

or thinking. But other NMDARs are activated simply as background noise in the brain.

Ketamine, the researchers showed, doesn't block the brain from activating NMDARswhen it's using them to send a specific message. But it does block them from creating

that background noise. Although scientists have long known about the brain's

spontaneous level of background nerve firing, Monteggia's study is the first to suggest a

link between such background noise and depression.

"What we're suggesting is that this background activity is important," Monteggia says.

She says that the link between spontaneous nerve firing and depression could also

explain why electroconvulsive therapy (also known as "electroshock therapy") eases

depression--perhaps ECT and ketamine reset the background brain activity.

Furthermore, Monteggia's group identified a new molecule that carries out NMDARs'

effects on spontaneous brain activity. When the researchers activate this protein, called

eEF2, in mice, they see the same fast-acting antidepressant action. A drug that targets

eEF2 instead of NMDARs could treat depression, Monteggia says.

Carlos Zarate, a psychiatrist at the National Institute of Mental Health, in Bethesda,

Maryland, who led many of the initials studies of ketamine as an antidepressant, says

that the study goes far in uncovering a new pathway involved in depression. "It brings

about a new series of targets for drugs that has not been pursued at all."

Although ketamine is used for short-term depression treatment in humans, its potential

for abuse keeps doctors from prescribing it for the long term. A drug that targets theketamine pathway in another way could offer antidepressants without the same potential

for abuse. The next questions, Zarate says, are whether eEF2 is a safe drug target in

humans and what other pathways are involved in depression.

FollowScienceNOWonFacebookandTwitter

Posted in

Neuroscience |

Psychology

Share on emailEmailShare on printPrint |Share305
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/live-chat-are-we-training-too-ma.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10130http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10130http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10130http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/sciencenowhttp://twitter.com/#!/sciencenowhttp://twitter.com/#!/sciencenowhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/neuroscience/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/psychology/http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&t=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&src=sphttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/live-chat-are-we-training-too-ma.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10130http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10130http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/sciencenowhttp://twitter.com/#!/sciencenowhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/neuroscience/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/psychology/http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F06%2Fwhy-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html&t=Why%20Ketamine%20Makes%20You%20Happy%20-%20ScienceNOW&src=sp


3/9

More Sharing ServicesMore

Related Articles

June 25, 2012

Why Stress Makes You Miserable

June 19, 2012

Genetic Variants Build a Smarter Brain

June 15, 2012

Fuel Cell Runs on Brain Power

blog comments powered by Disqus

Upcoming:

Are We Training Too Many Scientists?

28 June

Recent Articles

RSS
http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/why-stress-makes-you-miserable.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/genetic-variants-build-a-smarter.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/fuel-cell-runs-on-brain-power.htmlhttp://disqus.com/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/live-chat-are-we-training-too-ma.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/rss/current.xmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencelive/http://video.sciencemag.org/News/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/fuel-cell-runs-on-brain-power.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/genetic-variants-build-a-smarter.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/why-stress-makes-you-miserable.htmlhttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.phphttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/why-stress-makes-you-miserable.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/genetic-variants-build-a-smarter.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/fuel-cell-runs-on-brain-power.htmlhttp://disqus.com/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/live-chat-are-we-training-too-ma.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/rss/current.xml


4/9

Ancient Hunter-Gatherers Kept in Touch

Mysterious Fairy Circles Are 'Alive'

ScienceShot: Weighing an Alien Planet

A Breath of Fresh Microbubbles

ScienceShot: Magnetic Tornadoes Rage on the Sun

Early Human Ate Like a Giraffe
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/ancient-hunter-gatherers-kept-in.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/mysterious-fairy-circles-are-ali.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-weighing-an-alien-p.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-weighing-an-alien-p.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-weighing-an-alien-p.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/a-breath-of-fresh-microbubbles.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-magnetic-tornadoes.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-magnetic-tornadoes.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-magnetic-tornadoes.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/early-human-ate-like-a-giraffe.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-dino-bones-heat-up.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/early-human-ate-like-a-giraffe.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-magnetic-tornadoes.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/a-breath-of-fresh-microbubbles.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-weighing-an-alien-p.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/mysterious-fairy-circles-are-ali.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/ancient-hunter-gatherers-kept-in.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/ancient-hunter-gatherers-kept-in.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/mysterious-fairy-circles-are-ali.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-weighing-an-alien-p.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/a-breath-of-fresh-microbubbles.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-magnetic-tornadoes.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/early-human-ate-like-a-giraffe.html


5/9

ScienceShot: Dino Bones Heat Up

Building a Bigger Dolphin Brain

Article Archives

Categories

Africa (4)

Anatomy, Morphology, Biomechanics (303)

Anthropology (67)

Applied Physics (101)

Asia/Pacific (179)

Astronomy (1339)

Atmospheric Science (245)

Biochemistry (132)

Botany (236)

Cell Biology (415)

Chemistry (366)

Computers, Mathematics (274)

Development (152)

Earth Science (33)

Ecology (1399)

Economics (36)

Education (4)

Engineering (167)

Entomology (81)

Environment, Climate (72)

Epidemiology (167)
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-dino-bones-heat-up.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-dino-bones-heat-up.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-dino-bones-heat-up.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/building-a-bigger-dolphin-brain.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/archives.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/africa/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/anatomy-morphology-biomechanics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/anthropology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/applied-physics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/asiapacific/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/astronomy/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/atmospheric-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/biochemistry/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/botany/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/cell-biology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/chemistry/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/computers-mathematics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/development/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/earth-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/ecology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/economics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/education/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/engineering/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/entomology-1/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/environment-climate/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/epidemiology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/building-a-bigger-dolphin-brain.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/scienceshot-dino-bones-heat-up.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/building-a-bigger-dolphin-brain.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/archives.htmlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/africa/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/anatomy-morphology-biomechanics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/anthropology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/applied-physics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/asiapacific/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/astronomy/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/atmospheric-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/biochemistry/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/botany/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/cell-biology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/chemistry/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/computers-mathematics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/development/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/earth-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/ecology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/economics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/education/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/engineering/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/entomology-1/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/environment-climate/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/epidemiology/


6/9

Europe (28)

Evolution (548)

Genetics (1240)

Geochemistry, Geophysics (380)

History and Philosophy of Science (40)

Immunology (207)

Latin America (15)

Materials Science (175)

Medicine (1401)

Microbiology (294)

Molecular Biology (226)

Neuroscience (862)

Oceanography (328)

Paleontology (507)

Pharmacology, Toxicology (134)

Physics (191)

Physiology (102)

Planetary Science (449)

Podcast (6)

Psychology (339)

Science and Business (43)

Science Policy (821)

Scientific Community (851)

Sociology (146)

Stem Cell Ban (1)

Virology (215)

Website Review (2)

Zoology (327)

Questions or feedback on this page? Let us know.
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/europe/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/evolution/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/genetics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/geochemistry-geophysics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/history-and-philosophy-of-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/immunology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/latin-america/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/materials-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/medicine/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/microbiology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/molecular-biology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/neuroscience/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/oceanography/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/paleontology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/pharmacology-toxicology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/physics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/physiology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/planetary-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/podcast/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/psychology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/science-and-business/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/science-policy/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/scientific-community/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/sociology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/stem-cell-ban/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/virology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/website-review/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/zoology/mailto:[email protected]://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/europe/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/evolution/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/genetics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/geochemistry-geophysics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/history-and-philosophy-of-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/immunology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/latin-america/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/materials-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/medicine/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/microbiology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/molecular-biology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/neuroscience/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/oceanography/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/paleontology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/pharmacology-toxicology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/physics/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/physiology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/planetary-science/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/podcast/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/psychology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/science-and-business/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/science-policy/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/scientific-community/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/sociology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/stem-cell-ban/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/virology/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/website-review/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/zoology/mailto:[email protected]


7/9

Science/AAAS

AAAS.ORG

Feedback

Help

Librarians

Enter SearAdvanced

Alerts

Access Rights

My Account

Sign In

News

Science Journals

Careers

Communities

Multimedia

Topics

Subscribe News Home

ScienceNOW

ScienceInsider

Premium Content from Science

About Science News

Home >News > ScienceNOW > June 2011> Why Ketamine Makes You Happy

ScienceNOW. ISSN 1947-8062

News | Science Journals | Careers | Blogs and Communities | Multimedia |

Collections | Help | Site Map | RSS

Subscribe | Feedback | Privacy Policy | About Us | Advertise With Us | Contact

Us
http://www.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/http://aaas.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/feedbackhttp://www.sciencemag.org/help/http://www.sciencemag.org/help/librarianshttp://www.sciencemag.org/search.dtlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/alerts/mainhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/my_account/access_rights.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/my_account/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/login?uri=%2Fjournals%2Fhttp://news.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/journalshttp://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/multimediahttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collectionhttp://www.sciencemag.org/subscriptions/indiv_purchase.dtlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl#n-weekhttp://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl#n-weekhttp://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl#n-weekhttp://news.sciencemag.org/abouthttp://news.sciencemag.org/abouthttp://news.sciencemag.org/abouthttp://www.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/http://news.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/journals/http://www.sciencemag.org/journals/http://www.sciencemag.org/journals/http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/multimedia/http://www.sciencemag.org/multimedia/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collectionhttp://www.sciencemag.org/helphttp://www.sciencemag.org/help/about/site_map.dtlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/rss/http://www.sciencemag.org/rss/http://www.sciencemag.org/subscriptionshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/feedbackhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/privacy.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/index.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/index.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/advertisers/index.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/contact.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/contact.xhtmlhttp://highwire.stanford.edu/http://www.aaas.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/http://aaas.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/feedbackhttp://www.sciencemag.org/help/http://www.sciencemag.org/help/librarianshttp://www.sciencemag.org/search.dtlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/alerts/mainhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/my_account/access_rights.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/my_account/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/login?uri=%2Fjournals%2Fhttp://news.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/journalshttp://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/multimediahttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collectionhttp://www.sciencemag.org/subscriptions/indiv_purchase.dtlhttp://news.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl#n-weekhttp://news.sciencemag.org/abouthttp://www.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/http://news.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/journals/http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/http://www.sciencemag.org/multimedia/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collectionhttp://www.sciencemag.org/helphttp://www.sciencemag.org/help/about/site_map.dtlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/rss/http://www.sciencemag.org/subscriptionshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/feedbackhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/privacy.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/index.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/advertisers/index.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/contact.xhtmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/site/help/about/contact.xhtml


8/9

2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All Rights Reserved.

AAAS is a partner ofHINARI, AGORA, OARE,eIFL, PatientInform,CrossRef, and

COUNTER.

ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT
http://www.sciencemag.org/help/about/copyright.dtlhttp://www.who.int/hinari/en/http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/http://www.oaresciences.org/en/http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/homehttp://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/homehttp://www.patientinform.org/http://www.crossref.org/http://www.crossref.org/http://www.projectcounter.org/http://oascentral.sciencemag.org/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/why-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html/L19/1621641050/Right1/AAAS/SOL-SIG-STM-CAR-VideoPortal-HouseAd-Rt1-110920/VideoPortal_160x150.html/79617a774f552f736a54774144526b77?1621641050http://oascentral.sciencemag.org/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/why-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html/L19/1877876502/Top/AAAS/CAR-SOL-STM-SIG-NetWeb100406/Networking_leader_post_100415.gif/79617a774f552f736a54774144526b77?xhttp://www.sciencemag.org/help/about/copyright.dtlhttp://www.who.int/hinari/en/http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/http://www.oaresciences.org/en/http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/homehttp://www.patientinform.org/http://www.crossref.org/http://www.projectcounter.org/


9/9
http://oascentral.sciencemag.org/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/06/why-ketamine-makes-you-happy.html/L19/798110810/Right2/AAAS/SOL-Carl_Zeiss_PostWebinar-ROS-Ldr-Twr-120625/Zeiss-Tower-Post.html/79617a774f552f736a54774144526b77?798110810

why ketamine makes you happy

Documents