Why did they post that argument? Communicative intentions of Web 2.0

arguments

Jodi Schneider, Serena Villata, and Elena CabrioINRIA, France

Arguing on the Web 2.0, collocated with ISSA 2014University of Amsterdam2014-06-30

Encourage debate Facilitate good argumentPromote online critical literacy

"A MESSAGE ON THE WEB"

NOT ALL MESSAGES ARE THE SAME

Comparing our 2 messages

Similarities• Platform (Twitter)• Length• Use symbols• Attention from others

– Marked as a favorite– Retweeted

Differences• Topics• Authors• Whether they use hashtags• Whether they have replies• Communicative Intent

Comparing our 2 messages

Similarities• Platform (Twitter)• Length• Use symbols• Attention from others

– Marked as a favorite– Retweeted

Differences• Topics• Authors• Whether they use hashtags• Whether they have replies• Communicative Intent

Walton/Krabbe typology of dialogue Initial Situation Participant's goal Goal of dialogue Type of dialogue

Conflict of opinion Persuade other Resolve or clarify issue

Persuasion

Conflict of interests Get what want Reasonable settlement

Negotiation

Dilemma orpractical choice

Coordinate goals & actions

Decide course of action

Deliberation

Need information Acquire or give info Exchange information

Information-seeking

Find & verify evidence

Prove/disprove hypothesis

Proof Inquiry

Explain facts Find and defend hypothesis

Choose hypothesis for testing

Discovery

Personal conflict Verbally hit out at opponent

Reveal deeper basis of conflict

Eristic

Based on Walton COMMA 2010; see also Walton & Krabbe 1995.

Humorous

Informational: reporting an argument from a scientific study

These do not fit the typology we have

• Persuasion• Negotiation• Deliberation• Information-seeking• Inquiry• Discovery• Eristic dialogue

Communicative Intentions for Web texts

• Recreation• Information• Instruction• Discussion• Recommendation

Sharoff 2011. In the garden and in the jungle. In Genres on the Web (Springer)

Recreation

Information

Instruction

Discussion

Recommendation

Processing communicative intention

• Recreation slang, metaphors, puns– Named entity recognition and normalization of texts

• Information news-like, scientific discussions– Recognizing textual entailment, opinion mining

• Instruction informational messages– Question-answering, question interpretation

• Discussion everyday language– Discourse analysis, recognizing textual entailment

• Recommendation persuasive intent– Sentiment analysis

Processing communicative intention

• Recreation slang, metaphors, puns– Named entity recognition and normalization of texts

• Information news-like, scientific discussions– Recognizing textual entailment, opinion mining

• Instruction informational messages– Question-answering, question interpretation

• Discussion everyday language– Discourse analysis, recognizing textual entailment

• Recommendation persuasive intent– Sentiment analysis

Processing communicative intention

• Recreation slang, metaphors, puns– Named entity recognition and normalization of texts

• Information news-like, scientific discussions– Recognizing textual entailment, opinion mining

• Instruction informational messages– Question-answering, question interpretation

• Discussion everyday language– Discourse analysis, recognizing textual entailment

• Recommendation persuasive intent– Sentiment analysis

Processing communicative intention

• Recreation slang, metaphors, puns– Named entity recognition and normalization of texts

• Information news-like, scientific discussions– Recognizing textual entailment, opinion mining

• Instruction informational messages– Question-answering, question interpretation

• Discussion everyday language– Discourse analysis, recognizing textual entailment

• Recommendation persuasive intent– Sentiment analysis

Processing communicative intention

• Recreation slang, metaphors, puns– Named entity recognition and normalization of texts

• Information news-like, scientific discussions– Recognizing textual entailment, opinion mining

• Instruction informational messages– Question-answering, question interpretation

• Discussion everyday language– Discourse analysis, recognizing textual entailment

• Recommendation persuasive intent– Sentiment analysis

Future work

• Use Communicative Intentions to focus NLP• Identify aspects of messages to consider for

the Argument Web:– Communicative intention– Form/platform– Dialogue type– …

• Define challenge tasks for the Argument Web:– application areas, corpora, …