Why consider Biodiesel?Why consider Biodiesel?

No vehicle alterations. No infrastructure changes. No specialized training for mechanics or drivers. No additional parts for inventory. No concern with engine warranties.

What are the fleet advantages?What are the fleet advantages?

No concern with fuel No concern with fuel availability for long trips. availability for long trips.

It qualifies for EPACT. It qualifies for EPACT. Substantially reduces carbon Substantially reduces carbon

emissions. emissions. Substantially reduces the fuel Substantially reduces the fuel

odors. odors. Soy oils have a very high Soy oils have a very high

lubricity rating.lubricity rating.

What are some concerns with its use? What are some concerns with its use?

Recommend the fuel filters be Recommend the fuel filters be changed after the first few tanks changed after the first few tanks of usage. High cleansing affect. of usage. High cleansing affect.

There is potential of gelling in There is potential of gelling in severe cold weather. Using severe cold weather. Using additives solves this problem. additives solves this problem.

100% Biodiesel usage may 100% Biodiesel usage may require changing fuel lines to a require changing fuel lines to a special recommended hose line.special recommended hose line.

What’s the bottom line?What’s the bottom line? Cost EffectiveCost Effective:: It can be used in your It can be used in your

present infrastructure and your present present infrastructure and your present fleet. fleet. FlexibilityFlexibility:: You can use your You can use your vehicles as if they were bi-fueled. vehicles as if they were bi-fueled.

EPACTEPACT compliant. compliant. ReliabilityReliability:: Manufacturer approved and Manufacturer approved and

has good engine performance. has good engine performance. Cleaner Cleaner and Renewableand Renewable:: Reduced toxic emissions Reduced toxic emissions and minimizes black smoke and fuel and minimizes black smoke and fuel odor.odor.

BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL DIESELBIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL DIESEL

Emission TypeEmission Type B100B100 B20B20

RegulatedRegulated      

Total Unburned HydrocarbonsTotal Unburned Hydrocarbons -93%-93% -30%-30%

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide -50%-50% -20%-20%

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter -30%-30% -22%-22%

NOxNOx +13%+13% +2%+2%

Non-RegulatedNon-Regulated      

        

SulfatesSulfates -100%-100% -20%*-20%*

PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)**PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)** -80%-80% -13%-13%

nPAH (nitrated PAH’s)**nPAH (nitrated PAH’s)** -90%-90% -50%***-50%***

Ozone potential of speciated HCOzone potential of speciated HC -50%-50% -10%-10%

* Estimated from B100 result* Estimated from B100 result      

** Average reduction across all compounds measured** Average reduction across all compounds measured      

*** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability*** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability      

Vehicles that operate on 20 percent blends of biodiesel Vehicles that operate on 20 percent blends of biodiesel blended with 80 percent conventional diesel (B20) will, blended with 80 percent conventional diesel (B20) will, on average, displace more than twice as much on average, displace more than twice as much petroleum as conventional light-duty passenger vehicles petroleum as conventional light-duty passenger vehicles already covered under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT).already covered under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT).

Vehicle/Fleet Type VMT MPG Total Fuel Use

Percent (%) Petroleum

Displaced by Alt. Fuel

Total Gallons Petroleum

Displaced by Alt. Fuel

Light-Duty Passenger Vehicle (E85)

8000 24 334 Gal. 85% 283 Gal.

Light-Duty Truck (B20)

16400 16 1025 Gal. 20% 205 Gal.

Medium-Duty Truck (B20)

16400 8 2050 Gal. 20% 410 Gal.

Heavy-Duty Truck (B20)

16400 6 2734 Gal. 20% 547 Gal.

School Bus (B20) 8000 8 1000 Gal. 20% 200 Gal.

Transit Bus (B20) 33200 4 8300 Gal. 20% 1660 Gal.

VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled MPG = Miles Per Gallon

Recent achievement of three major long-term Recent achievement of three major long-term objectivesobjectives. . Because of the following 3 long-term achievements, Because of the following 3 long-term achievements, biodiesel has become one of the fastest (if not the fastest) growing biodiesel has become one of the fastest (if not the fastest) growing alternative fuels in the country.alternative fuels in the country.

Health EffectsHealth Effects: : In May 2000, biodiesel became the only alternative fuel In May 2000, biodiesel became the only alternative fuel in the country to have successfully completed the EPA’s Tier I in the country to have successfully completed the EPA’s Tier I and and Tier II Tier II Health Effects testing under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. The Tier I Health Effects testing under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. The Tier I testing conclusively demonstrated biodiesel’s significant reductions in most testing conclusively demonstrated biodiesel’s significant reductions in most currently regulated emissions as well as most unregulated emissions—currently regulated emissions as well as most unregulated emissions—especially those associated with cancer and lung disease. Tier II testing especially those associated with cancer and lung disease. Tier II testing demonstrated biodiesel’s non-toxic effect on health. demonstrated biodiesel’s non-toxic effect on health.

EPACTEPACT: : Effective November 1998, B20, a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% Effective November 1998, B20, a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel, was approved by Congress as an EPAct (Energy Policy Act of petroleum diesel, was approved by Congress as an EPAct (Energy Policy Act of 1992) compliance strategy. The legislation allowed EPAct fleets to meet their 1992) compliance strategy. The legislation allowed EPAct fleets to meet their alternative fuel vehicle purchase requirements simply by buying 450 gallons alternative fuel vehicle purchase requirements simply by buying 450 gallons of pure biodiesel and burning it in new or existing diesel vehicles in at least a of pure biodiesel and burning it in new or existing diesel vehicles in at least a 20% blend with diesel fuel. The Congressional Budget Office and the 20% blend with diesel fuel. The Congressional Budget Office and the Department of Defence have confirmed that the biodiesel option is the lowest Department of Defence have confirmed that the biodiesel option is the lowest cost alternative fuel option for meeting the Federal Government’s EPACT cost alternative fuel option for meeting the Federal Government’s EPACT compliance requirements. compliance requirements.

ASTM:ASTM: In December 1998, the American Society of Testing and Materials In December 1998, the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) issued a provisional specification (PS 121) for biodiesel fuel. ASTM is (ASTM) issued a provisional specification (PS 121) for biodiesel fuel. ASTM is the premier standard-setting organization for fuels and additives in the the premier standard-setting organization for fuels and additives in the U.S. The EPA has adopted the ASTM standard and state divisions of weights U.S. The EPA has adopted the ASTM standard and state divisions of weights and measures currently are considering its adoption. This development was and measures currently are considering its adoption. This development was crucial in standardizing fuel quality for biodiesel in the U.S. market. crucial in standardizing fuel quality for biodiesel in the U.S. market.

PerformancePerformance Operationally, biodiesel performs very similar Operationally, biodiesel performs very similar

to low sulfur diesel in terms of power, to low sulfur diesel in terms of power, torque, and fuel without major modification torque, and fuel without major modification of engines or infrastructure.of engines or infrastructure.

Biodiesel provides significant lubricity Biodiesel provides significant lubricity (Cetane) improvement over petroleum diesel (Cetane) improvement over petroleum diesel fuelfuel thus increasing engine lifethus increasing engine life..

Compatibility of biodiesel with engine Compatibility of biodiesel with engine componentscomponents. .

QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?