why anaerobic digestion in michigan? anaerobic digester
TRANSCRIPT
Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic
Digester System Planning
Steven I. Safferman, Ph.D., P.E.
517-432-0812
http://www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma
The 2013 Forum on Anaerobic Digester Production of Energy: New
Opportunities for Projects in Michigan
November 26, 2013
Ed Bissell3, Justin Booth3, Younsuk Dong1, Louis Faivor1,
Tania Howard6, Bill Kundson5, Joel Lenz3, Wei Liao1, Yan
“Susie” Liu1, Steve Miller1, Greg Mulder4, David
Ronk7,Christopher Saffron1, Jason Schneemann2, Jason
Smith1, James Szymusiak7, Michael Thomas8, David Wall1,
1Michigan State University (MSU), Department of Biosystems Engineering 2MSU Chemical Engineering 3MSU RS&GIS 4Coffman Electrical Equipment 5MSU Product Center 6State of Michigan DELEG Bureau of Energy Systems 7Consumers Energy 8MSU School of Planning, Design, and Construction
Primary Participants
Contents
• Evolution of Waste Management
• Waste as a Resource
• Anaerobic Digestion – Waste to Resource
• Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan?
• Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool
Step 1. Set objectives
Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO
Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential
Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix
Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment
Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment
Step 7: Nutritional value
Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential
• Cost and Design Data
• Further Information
From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000
Evolution of Waste Management
Evolution of Waste Management
From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000
Evolution of Waste Management
Bioproducts
CH4 (50 – 60%)
CO2 (40 – 50%)
Other? (Trace)
Heat
Electricity
Natural Gas
Flare
Fiber
Water
Nutrients
Environmental Benefits
Nutrient Management
Pathogen Reduction
Nuisance Avoidance
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Renewable Energy
Landfill Alternative
Biogas
Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource
Stable Operation, No Amendments
Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource
Kestutis Navickas. 2007. Bioplin Tehnologija in Okolje,
Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource
Relative US population1: 8th largest
Split between rural/urban2: 19%/81% (75% of land mass)
Percent of population with sewers3: 60%
Milk production4: 8th in nation
Food processing5: 1,841 licensed food processors, generates
$25 billion annually
Global climate7: climate is moderating
Water resources6: 84% in N. America provided
by Great Lakes
1US Census: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0014.pdf 2State of MI, Michigan Rural Health, Profile: A Report on the Health Trends and Resources of Rural
Michigan 1990-2005 www.michigan., MI Department of Community Health,
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/MichiganRuralHealthProfile-2008-0801_243955_7.pdf 3Michigan in Brief Water Quality, Glossary, http://www.michiganinbrief.org/edition07/Chapter5/WaterQuality.htm 4 MI Farm Bureau, A Look at Michigan Agriculture, http://www.agclassroom.org/kids/stats/michigan.pdf 5State of MI, Michigan’s Food & Agriculture Industry, http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdard/1262-AgReport-
2012_2_404589_7.pdf). 6US EPA, Great Lakes, Basic Informationhttp://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/basicinfo.html
7US EPA, Climate Change, Midwest, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/midwest.html
Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic
Digester System Planning
ADDIT
Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool
Step 1: Set objectives
Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO
Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential
Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix
Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment
Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment
Step 7: Nutritional value
Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential
ADDIT Steps
Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters
1. Set Objectives
2. Evaluate Site
• Resource production
• Byproduct utilization
• Environmental protection
• Nuisance avoidance
• Combination
Screen Site Yes/No Criteria
Michigan Waste Biomass Inventory
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
http://mibiomass.rsgis.msu.edu/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
as
s.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
http://mibiomass.rsgis.msu.edu/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
as
s.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
Technical Appendix
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
htt
p:/
/mib
iom
ass.r
sg
is.m
su
.ed
u/
3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential
Step 1: Set objectives
Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO
Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential
Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix
Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment
Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment
Step 7: Nutritional value
Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential
ADDIT Steps
Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters
Tiered, Weighted Decision Support Matrix
• Electrical infrastructure and interconnection: line, 3
phase, and substation adequacy
• Projected project cost
• Financial arrangements including business plan and
byproduct utilization
• Feedstock availability, consistency and cleanliness
• Feedstock and residual transportation
• Site environmental considerations
• Site socioeconomic considerations
4. Qualitative Evaluation
5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment
Data Entry
Default Tables
5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment
• Available from multiple sources of biomass
• Transportation
• Heat
5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment
• Capital
• Anaerobic digestion
• Generator
• Interconnection
• Financing
• Operation and maintenance
• Revenue
• Heat
• Renewable energy certificates
• Carbon credits
• Digestate
• Nutrient management (increasing
number of animals)
• Tipping fees
• Others
• Estimated, approximated value of
electricity
6. Preliminary Costs/Benefits Assessment
BLEND
7. Nutritional Value
C:N:P
100/4.3/0.9*
*Bouallagui, H., O. Haouari, Y. Touhami, R.
Ben Cheikh, L. Marouani, and M. Hamdi. 2004.
Effect of Temperature on the Performance of
an Anaerobic Tubular Reactor Treating Fruit
and Vegetable Waste. Process Biochemistry
39(12): 2143-2178.
Balance
• COD (soluble)
• Ammonia
• Metals
• pH
• Alkalinity
• C/N/P
• Toxicity
Micro Nutrient • K2HPO4
• NH4Cl
• CaCl2•2H2O
• MgCl2•6H2O
• FeCl2•4H2O
• MnCl2•4H2O
• H3BO3
• ZnCl2
• CuCl2
• Na2MoO4•2H
2O
• CoCl2•6H2O
• NiCl2•6H2O
• Na2SeO
• NaHCO3
Collect samples and verify energy
production is close to that predicted
8. Verification of Theoretical Biogas Potential
Cost and Design Data
MSU Field Demonstration and Research Anaerobic Digestion/Algal Cultivation System
Green Meadow Farm Anaerobic Digesters ADREC High-Bay
www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma/
Further Information