Why 4K?ghj / 2009.03k-cw21

Why 4K?

George JobloveSony Pictures Technologies

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Motion-Picture Distribution

Studios, Distributo

rs

Motion-Picture Masters

(Intermediates)

TheatersReleas

e prints

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Motion-Picture Distribution

Studios, Distributo

rs

Motion-Picture Masters

(Intermediates)

TheatersReleas

e prints

PHOTO: KODAK

20th-century standard:35-mm film 

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Motion-Picture Distribution

Studios, Distributo

rs

Motion-Picture Masters

(Intermediates)

TheatersReleas

e prints

20th-century standard:35-mm film 

21st-century standard:DCP (Digital Cinema

Package) 

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Motion-Picture Distribution

A DCP may be either of two resolutions:

2048 pixels wide

1080 pixels

high

4096 pixels wide

2160 pixels

high

“2K”

“4K”

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Why 4K?

Human visual acuity

Modern cinema theater layout

Maximizing quality of our work on the screen

Maximizing quality of what goes into the vault for future use

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360°

Human Visual Acuity

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360°

Human Visual Acuity

1°

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360°

1′ 1°

Magnification

Human Visual Acuity

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Human Visual Acuity

‘Normal’ (‘20/20’ [US/UK], ‘6/6’ [EU], ‘1.5/1.5’ [JP]) human vision resolves 30 cycles (line-pairs) per degree,or one line per arcminute

This corresponds to about:■ 486 lines (NTSC) 576 lines

(PAL) at 7 picture-heights at 6 picture-heights

■1080 lines (HDTV or 2K DCI 1.85:1) at 3 picture-heights

■2160 lines (4K DCI 1.85:1) at 1½ picture-heights

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Modern Cinema Design, Stadium Seating

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Modern Cinema Design, Stadium Seating

PHOTO: BAM ROSE CINEMAS

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Today’s Demonstration

Images■Shot on still cameras

– Sony 900 [6K4K Bayer] and digital Hasselblad [7K5K Bayer]

■Gamma-converted to linear floating-point■Cropped to 1.85:1 and down-res’ed to DCI 4K

(39962160)■Color-space- and gamma-converted from sRGB to

DCI X'Y'Z'■Converted to 16-bit-integer per channel, saved in

TIFF format■Created left/right mirrored image by pixel

swapping■Created DCI package (4K) from each still image and

mirror

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Today’s Demonstration

Projection

Screen: 20 ft (6 m) wide, matte 1.0, non-perforated

Left-side projection: 2K Right-side projection: 4K

4K DCP 4K DCPDoremi DCP2000 Sony LMT-300

Christie CP2000-M DLP Sony SRX-R320 SXRD20481080 40962160

14 ftL = ~48 cd/m² 14 ftL = ~48 cd/m²

ROOM: CW Theater 2