whole brain teaching: long division

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Q. How do you teach long division? Chris Biffle Director, Whole Brain Teachers of America Long division and writing essays are the two most challenging skills in elementary school … for the same reason. Both require mastering a substantial collection of micro skills. To write essays well, students need to understand capitalization, punctuation, topic sentences, detail sentences, word spacing, spelling, the difference between proper and common nouns, the difference between active and passive verbs, how to use adjectives to modify nouns, correct form for quotations, etc. Long division requires perfect knowledge of 100+ multiplication facts, 100+ subtraction facts and the complex, five step, long division process. Whew! In some ways, long division is more difficult than writing essays … unlike composition, if you make a single mistake in long division the whole exercise is ruined. Double Whew! Understand that mastering any complex skill requires hours and hours of practicing micro skills … but Whole Brain Teaching turns this process into a lively entertainment. Here are the steps. (All the webcasts noted below are found at http://www.livestream.com/wholebrainteaching1/folder) 1. Your students are fluent in WBT’s Core Four: ClassYes (Webcast 557), Mirror Words (Webcast 558), TeachOkay, (Webcast 516) and the Scoreboard (Webcast 562). Classroom tested by tens of thousands of instructors, these four strategies provide a powerful, entertaining framework for any lesson.

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Rejoice! Mastering long division is no more difficult than being a world class tennis player or becoming an International Chess Grand Master. Just kidding! Read this document and discover how to use practice techniques employed by champions ... to teach your kids long division. For more information on Whole Brain Teaching and to access thousands of pages of free downloads, go to WholeBrainTeaching.com.

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Page 1: Whole Brain Teaching:  Long Division

Q.    How  do  you  teach  long  division?  Chris  Biffle  Director,  Whole  Brain  Teachers  of  America    Long  division  and  writing  essays  are  the  two  most  challenging  skills  in  elementary  school  …  for  the  same  reason.    Both  require  mastering  a  substantial  collection  of  micro  skills.    To  write  essays  well,  students  need  to  understand  capitalization,  punctuation,  topic  sentences,  detail  sentences,  word  spacing,  spelling,  the  difference  between  proper  and  common  nouns,  the  difference  between  active  and  passive  verbs,  how  to  use  adjectives  to  modify  nouns,  correct  form  for  quotations,  etc.    Long  division  requires  perfect  knowledge  of  100+  multiplication  facts,  100+  subtraction  facts  and  the  complex,  five  step,  long  division  process.    Whew!      In  some  ways,  long  division  is  more  difficult  than  writing  essays  …  unlike  composition,  if  you  make  a  single  mistake  in  long  division  the  whole  exercise  is  ruined.    Double  Whew!        Understand  that  mastering  any  complex  skill  requires  hours  and  hours  of  practicing  micro  skills  …  but  Whole  Brain  Teaching  turns  this  process  into  a  lively  entertainment.    Here  are  the  steps.    (All  the  webcasts  noted  below  are  found  at  http://www.livestream.com/wholebrainteaching1/folder)      1.    Your  students  are  fluent  in  WBT’s  Core  Four:  Class-­‐Yes  (Webcast  557),  Mirror  Words  (Webcast  558),  Teach-­‐Okay,  (Webcast  516)  and  the  Scoreboard  (Webcast  562).    Classroom  tested  by  tens  of  thousands  of  instructors,  these  four  strategies  provide  a  powerful,  entertaining  framework  for  any  lesson.    

Page 2: Whole Brain Teaching:  Long Division

2.    Students  have  perfectly  mastered  multiplication  and  subtraction  math  facts  using  SuperSpeed  Math  (Webcast  540).    3.  Use  Mirror  Words  and  Teach-­‐Okay  to  teach  your  children  the  mnemonic  Dirty  Monkeys  Smell  Bad  …  Really.    This  stands  for  divide,  multiply,  subtract,  bring  down  …  remainder.    Use  a  gesture  for  each  term.    Dirty  (rub  your  dirty  arms),  Monkeys  (scratch  under  your  arms  and  make  monkey  sounds)  Smell  (hold  your  nose),  Bad  (thumbs  down),    …  Really  (the  dots  stand  for  a  pause  …  remainder  comes  at  the  very  end.  Grab  your  little  finger  and  shake  it  …  signaling  that  the  remainder  comes  at  the  conclusion  of  the  previous  four  operations).    4.    Students  must  know  what  to  do,  before  they  do  it!    They  must  master  long  division  theory,  before  engaging  in  long  division  practice.  In  other  words,  your  kids  must  understand  each  step  in  the  long  division  process  before  they  practice  the  steps.        Step  One:    show  a  series  of  simple  division  problems  (hopefully,  you  have  a  computer  projector).    Tell  kids  to  teach  each  other  the  first  step  in  each  problem  …  problem  after  problem  after  problem.    Kids  should  say  what  they  should  do  …  divide  this  number  into  that  number  …  without  actually  performing  the  division.        Step  Two:    show  kids  problem  after  problem  with  the  first  step  performed.    They  should  explain  to  each  other  exactly  what  to  do  next,  multiply  this  number  by  that  number  …  without  actually  doing  it.  Learning  the  steps  is  much  easier  if  you  don’t  have  to  actually  perform  them.      Step  Three:    Show  students  problem  after  problem  and  now  they  explain  the  first  two  steps.        

Page 3: Whole Brain Teaching:  Long Division

Step  Four:    Show  kids  tons  of  problems  with  the  first  two  steps  completed.    They  should  explain  to  each  other  what  the  third  step  is  …  over  and  over.        Concluding  Steps:    Follow  this  same  procedure  all  the  way  through  the  long  division  process  until  they  are  ready  to  explain  when  and  how  to  create  a  remainder.        5.    Congratulations!    Now,  your  kids  truly  understand  all  the  stages  in  long  division  …  long  division  theory.    Now,  go  back  through  the  sequence  again  and  kids  explain  a  step  to  each  other  …  and  actually  perform  the  operation.    Over  and  over.    Lots  of  reps,  one  step  at  a  time.        6.    Now,  kids  can  start  working  together  solving  division  problems  …  and  learning,  micro  skill  by  micro  skill,  how  to  check  for  the  accuracy  of  their  solution.      Note  that  this  process  of  repeated  practice  of  small  steps  is  exactly  what  champions  use  to  perfect  their  skills.    If  you’re    a  chess  player,  you  spend  hundreds  of  hours  mastering  openings,  actually  hundreds  of  hours  mastering  one  kind  of  opening  (there  are  over  50).    Then  you  work  on  your  middle  game,  mating  combinations,  defensive  alignments,  pawn  tactics,  castling  strategies,  pins  and  sacrifices  etc.    If  you  are  a  great  tennis  player  you  practice  thousands  of  reps  on  each  micro  skill  involved  in  serving  …  ball  toss,  racquet  downswing,  racquet  extension,  wrist  turn,  ball  contact,  leg  bend,  follow  through.    Then  you  go  on  to  forehand,  backhand,  lob,  net  play,  baseline  work  …  thousands  of  reps  in  each  micro  skill.  We  have  enormous  quantities  of  research  detailing  how  champions  practice.    The  scientific  literature  points  to  the  same  conclusion  …  perfect  each  micro  skill  and  the  macro  skill  takes  care  of  itself!        

Page 4: Whole Brain Teaching:  Long Division

Rejoice.    You  don’t  have  to  teach  long  division.    Teaching  long  division  is  way  too  hard.    Just  teach  your  kids  every  micro  skill.    With  enough  reps,  they  will  learn  how  to  divide  multi-­‐digit  numbers  by  multi-­‐digit  numbers.    And  you  will  take  another  micro  step  closer  to  Teaching  Heaven.      -­‐-­‐  please  send  a  link  to  this  document  to  1,000  colleagues.