who unicef who/unicef joint monitoring programme jmp and data reconciliation workshop on millennium...

WHOWHO UNICEFUNICEF

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme

JMP JMP and data reconciliationand data reconciliation

Workshop on Millennium Development Goals MonitoringWorkshop on Millennium Development Goals Monitoring14-16 January 2009, Bangkok14-16 January 2009, Bangkok

Rifat HossainRifat Hossain

Public Health and Public Health and EnvironmentEnvironment

World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization

Rolf LuyendijkRolf LuyendijkStatistics and MonitoringStatistics and Monitoring

United Nations Children's FundUnited Nations Children's Fund

WHOWHO UNICEFUNICEF


This presentation covers…This presentation covers…What is JMP

How JMP estimates Methodologies

JMP challenges Multiple data sources

JMP's approach to reconcile The ladder

JMP's reconciliation efforts

WHOWHO UNICEFUNICEFWHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme

MDG 7 Target 7c:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people

without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Indicators: Proportion of the population that has access to an

improved drinking water source (urban and rural)

Proportion of population that has access to an improved sanitation facility (urban and rural)

JMP Monitors…JMP Monitors…

usesuses

usesuses

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JMP definitions of improved/unimproved

Piped into dwelling, plot or yard

Public tap/standpipe

Tube well/borehole

Protected dug well

Protected spring

Rainwater collection

Flush/pour flush to: piped sewer systemseptic tank pit latrine

Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine

Pit latrine with slab

Composting toiletUnprotected dug well

Unprotected spring

Cart with small tank/drum

Tanker truck

Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation canal)

Bottled water (unless 2nd Improved source)

Flush/Pour flush to elsewhere

Pit latrine without slab/open pit

Bucket

Hanging toilet/hanging latrine

Shared sanitation of any type

No facilities, bush or fieldUN

-IM

PR

OV

ED

IMP

RO

VE

D

Drinking Water Sanitation

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Côte d'Ivoire - rural -Access to sanitation

JMP93

DHS94

JMP96

WHO88

WHO90

DHS99

JMP99

EMP86

EMP85 MICS00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year

% C

ov

era

ge

Reported data

Survey data

Coverage

distribution

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JMP uses National survey/census JMP uses National survey/census because…because…

More objective and reliable Some facilities fallen out of order Avoid double counting by not considering

upgrading of improved facilities

Allows for analyses Disaggregated into wealth quintiles Comparable across countries Monitor trends over time

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0102030405060708090

100

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

YearYear

Cov

erag

e (%

)C

over

age

(%)

JMP cookbook !JMP cookbook !

- 2 data points scenario- 2 data points scenario- - ≤≤ 4 year apart 4 year apart- > 5 years extrapolation- > 5 years extrapolation

4 Years < 5 Years NO REGRESSION LINE !4 Years < 5 Years NO REGRESSION LINE !8 Years > 5 Years REGRESSION LINE !8 Years > 5 Years REGRESSION LINE !

2 Years max.2 Years max.4 Years max.4 Years max.

6 Years max.6 Years max.6 Years max.6 Years max.2 Years max.2 Years max.

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X

X

DHS87

DHS96

DHS01

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year

% C

over

age

How JMP estimates

Estimated coverage

1990: 50%

2002: 77%

Estimated coverage

1990: 52% (new baseline)

2002: 75%

2006: 82%

XX

NFHS03

xx

X

X

Estimated coverage

2003 ≠ NFHS03

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A bold step…A bold step…

Joint Monitoring ProgrammeBetween WHO and UNICEF

…and Country X

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A complex sectorA complex sector

Data needs of a wide range of stakeholders

Multiple stakeholders with varying methodologies

Multiple data sources = Confusion

Reconciliation needed to bolster mutual cooperation and confidence building to

strengthen national monitoring

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Major reasons for discrepanciesMajor reasons for discrepanciesDiffering sources of data

NSO – user based data Sector – provider based data

Differing methodologies Even with user based data

• Countries sometimes use single data point

Differing population estimates Most recent census vs. UNPD estimates

Differing definitions of urban/rural NSO and Sectors not always agree

Differing definitions

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Reconciliation through Reconciliation through dialogue/cooperation/coordinationdialogue/cooperation/coordination

Key players National

• NSO • Sectoral ministries

International (IHSN etc.)

Reconciliation Development of framework and guidelines Help implement the framework

• JMP as a player• JMP as an honest broker

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Framework for reconciliationFramework for reconciliation

Fill data gaps (with NSOs, sectors, regional bodies, other int. orgs) Liaise with National authorities (in

collaboration with regional bodies)• NSO as national data clearing house

Liaise with other international organizations

For greater synergy Explain methodologies

• Website • Workshops• National stakeholders' meeting

Promote the use of standardized data collection tools

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Framework for reconciliation (cont'd)Framework for reconciliation (cont'd)

Data reconciliation Consultation with national bodies

• JMP website• Wiki style portal• Etc.

Reconcile sectoral and statistical datasets?

Agree on a single set of datasets• Construct a single ladder (possible?)• Show discrepancies through this ladder

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JMP2008: The ladder approach…JMP2008: The ladder approach…

Open defecation

Unimproved

sanitation facilities

Shared sanitation facilities

Improved sanitation facilities

Other improved drinking water

sources

Unimproved drinking

water sources

Piped water in dwelling,

plot or yard

Moving from Improved/Unimproved dichotomy to a more

refined situation

Sanitation (4 rungs)

Imp

rove

Imp

rove

d a

s p

er

d a

s p

er

MD

GM

DG

Water (3 rungs)

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MDG Definition With access

Sewer connection Septic tank VIP/improved pit

Without access Shared facilities Unimproved

facilities Open defecation

Reconciliation with a more refined LadderReconciliation with a more refined Ladder

Progress in Sanitation

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990 2006Year

Open defecation Unimproved

Shared Improved pit

Septic tank Sewer

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990 2006Year


Shared Improved pit

Septic tank Sewer

Comparing JMP and national definitions Comparing JMP and national definitions (after closing data gaps)(after closing data gaps)

MDG Definition With access




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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990 2006Year


Shared Improved pit

Septic tank Sewer

National Definition

With Access Sewer connection Septic tank VIP/improved pit Shared facilities Unimproved facilities

Without Access Open defecation

52%

Differences due to differing definitions

80%MDG Definition With access




Comparing JMP and national definitions Comparing JMP and national definitions (after closing data gaps)(after closing data gaps)

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Bangladesh puzzleBangladesh puzzleUrban Sanitation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1990 1995 2000 2006

Year

% C

ove

rag

e

Opendefecation

Unimproved

Shared

Improved pit

Septic tank

Sew erage

48%

Flush/pour flush to: piped sewer systemseptic tank pit latrine

Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine

Pit latrine with slab

Composting toilet Flush/Pour flush to elsewhere

Pit latrine without slab/open pit

Bucket

Hanging toilet/hanging latrine

Shared sanitation of any type

No facilities, bush or fieldUN

-IM

PR

OV

ED

IMP

RO

VE

DD

isaggregation D

isaggregation and ladderand ladder

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Can we agree on the ladder?Can we agree on the ladder?

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JMP's Reconciliation effortsJMP's Reconciliation efforts Campaign to fill data gaps

Through workshops, Cooperation with NSOs Major International data gathering/disseminating institutions

(IPUMS etc.)

Through workshops (capacity building, stat+sector) Past workshops

• Anglophone Western Africa (Abuja, September 2007) Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

• Anglophone Eastern Africa (Nairobi, November 2007) Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

• South Asia (Kathmandu, August 2008) Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal (multiple data sources)

• Central America (Santo Domingo, November 2008) Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Panama• Francophone Africa (Bamako, December 2008)

Benin, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Mali, Senegal

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Through workshops (capacity building, stat+sector) Planned activities/workshops

• Follow-up to past workshops• South-east Asia (Jakarta, April 2009)• India (June 2009)• East Asia (to be decided)

Through national stakeholders meetings Follow-up to workshops (involving all actors)

• Bangladesh, Nepal

JMP's Reconciliation efforts (cont'd)JMP's Reconciliation efforts (cont'd)

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Through communication with country authorities

• Senegal, Madagascar Presentation in Stockholm

• India Through coordination with

international organizations Use of core questions through IHSN UNSD pilot project Reconciliation efforts by regional

commissions Joint workshops…

JMP's Reconciliation efforts (cont'd)JMP's Reconciliation efforts (cont'd)

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Thank you!Thank you!

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