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Who Should Lead ?

Kenya Christian Professionals Forum (KCPF)JUMUIA18th February, 2016

Presentation by :JULIUS MUIA,

PhD, EBS, CPA(K), CPS(K), AKIB, ACIArb

Exective SecretaryNational Economic and Social

Council (NESC)

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Presentation Outline

Part 1: Does Leadership Matter ?

Part 2: What the Bible Says about Leadership

Part 3: Kenya: The Facts and Leadership Outcomes

Part 4: So, What Leadership is Appropriate for Kenya?

Part 5: The Role for Christian Professional

Part 1: Does Leadership Matter?

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Inspires willing followers to accomplish a cause that is beneficial/ significant

1. Inspiring – Influence/ vision2. Willing – Motivated, convinced, committed3. Followers –Without whom there’s no leadership4. Accomplish – Goal is to improve performance5. Cause – Organization exists for a

purpose/mission6. Beneficial – Ethical, long-term good for all

involved7. Significant – Worth the sacrifice/needed in orgs.

What Does a Leader do

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Leadership• Individuals or organizations

that perform one or more acts of leading: the ability to affect human behavior to accomplish a mission and influence people to move toward a goal achievement.

• Process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs an organisation to be more cohesive/coherent

Why is Leadership Important ?

Governance

• The exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels.

• Mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences”.

• (UNDP,1997 Policy Paper)

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Characteristics of good governance

Source : United Nations – Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

(ESCAP) :http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp

corporate, national, local, international

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Does Government have a Role at all?

‘No country has made economic progress without positive stimulus from intelligent government’. Arthur Lewis (1955), Nobel Laureate economist

Indeed there have been almost no cases of successful structural transformation without strong government leadership to overcome market failures (Chang, 2002)

Therefore, development cannot take place under the minimalist approach where the state is reduced to a “night watchman” role.

Rather......The government should be a warrior, leading the citizens into war against poverty, ignorance, disease and malnutrition.

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Comparative Leadership Outcomes

Spectacular performance of selected Asian economies have been associated with specific leadership

Lee Kwan YewPark Chung HeeMahathir MohamadDeng Xiao Ping------------------------------What about Kenya?

GNI Per Capita –Average Wealth

Singapore …….$ 55,000

South Korea …. $ 28,000

Malaysia -…….$ 11,000

China…………….$ 7,400

Kenya -GNI per capita $ 1,280

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Comparative Average Growth in GDP 1981-2000

‘

China Singapore S Korea Malaysia Kenya -

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

9.9

7.5 8.2

6.6

3.0

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Leadership Outcomes in China

Deng Xiaoping 22 August 1904 – 19th February 1997• Born into a peasant background • Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he

was influenced by Marxism-Leninism. • A Chinese revolutionary and statesman. • Paramount leader of China from 1978 to 1992. • Led China through far-reaching market-economy reforms. • Was not head of state, head of government or

General Secretary • Deng shared his power with several powerful older politicians

commonly known as the Eight Elders.

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Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China

• In1977, there was no sign that China was about to change its

economic policies and the extent of its cooperation with the outside world.

• Deng was a wise, courageous land radical leader...according to peers.

• He transformed China’s economy from one where market forces played virtually no role in organizing economic activity to one in which these forces play a major role.

• China had virtually no foreign investment and a low-level of international trade and exchange

• China changed to a position where it is a major global recipient of foreign investment and its trade and foreign exchanges are very high in comparison to its level of national production.

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Other Leaders with Transformation outcomes

-Park Chung Hee-South Korea1917-19791961-1979-Military Ruler

-Lee Kwan Yew-Singapore1923-20151959-1990-Leader

-Mahathir Mohamad-Malaysia

Part 2: What Does the Bible say about

Leadership?

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Leadership is the ministry of leading others to complete the work that God has given you to do. –it’s a command from God

Even Jesus did nothing on His own. He said, “I always do what pleases Him [the Father]” (John 8:28-29). Seeking to be a leader is a “noble task” (1 Tim. 3:1).

Leadership is “taking responsibility for others” (Oswald Sanders).

BIBILICAL UNDERSTANDING of Leadership

The Leader's Character

• Teacher• Faithful• Have Faith• Persistent• Trustworthy• Positive attitude• Integrity and Honesty• Vision and clear sense of direction

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• Good reputation

• Solid character

• Self mastery

• Confidence:

• Private life

• Consistent

• Values

The Leader's Character

• Trustworthy: Paul said those in Christian leadership are servants and stewards of the mysteries of God, and that, “it is required of stewards that one be found trustworthy” (1 Corinthians 4:2).

• Teacher: Paul wrote, “And the things which you have heard from me in the presence of many witnesses, these entrust to faithful men, who will be able to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:2; cf. 1 Thessalonians 2:5, 6).

• Faithful: Daniel concluded, “they could find no ground of accusation or evidence of corruption, inasmuch as he was faithful, and no negligence or corruption was to be found in him”

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The Leader's Character Contd....

• Have Faith: (Mark 4.40) Jesus told his disciples to have faith, also read (Daniel 6:4).

• Integrity and Honesty: At the heart of the Christian leadership functions must be integrity and honesty. The leader must be genuinely committed to the goals and values of the group they lead.

• Persistence: (Phil 3. 12-14) : Focused on the goal, pressing ahead and not looking back lest one gets distracted.

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The Leaders character contd……

• Vision and clear sense of direction: Moses with a vision of leading the people of Israel to the freedom of the Promised Land – from slavery in Egypt. (Exodus 3:4-10).

• Good reputation: Acts 6:3,5 – good reputation; full of the Spirit and wisdom; full of faith

• Solid character: 1 Timothy 3:2-12- non-polygamous; temperate; prudent; respectable; hospitable; able to teach; not quarrelsome; un-contentious; not a lover of money; good manager of home affairs; good reputation from the secular community

.

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The Leaders character contd……

• Values: The leader must be devoted to the values and purposes of Jesus Christ – and of the organization served. Christian leadership must be more than a role that is played, but be reality that is lived.

Consistent: (1 Cor 4.16) Therefore, I urge you to imitate me (1 Cor 11.1) Follow my example as I follow the example of Christ

Self mastery: (Phil 3.21) who by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body

.

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Imperatives of good leadership

Private life (Mat 6 1-18) Private prayer life, giving, fasting etc.,)

Confidence: ( Titus 2. 12-13) say No to ungodliness and worldly passions, and live self controlled upright and godly lives in this present age, while we wait for the blessed hope, the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ

Positive attitude: (Romans 12.3) By the grace given me I say to every one of you. Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment in accordance with the measure of faith God has given you.

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Part 3:

Kenya: Leadership Perspectives

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BUT How has Kenya Fared Comparatively?

NOT SO WELL !1. Classification based on GDP Per Capita Income for Kenya

1. World Bank Data US$ 1,280- No. 159 out of 197 countries

2 Stage in Development Developed countries Developing countries- Kenya is classified as Emerging Developing country Least Developed countries

3 Worlds Theory First World Second World Third World- Kenya is classified here Fourth World

4 Income Groups-By Gross National Income Per Capita High Income Countries : US$ 12,736 and more Upper Middle Income Countries : US$ 4,126 to US$ 12,735 Lower Income Countries : US$ 1,046 to US$ 4,125 —Kenya is Classified here Low Income Countries : US$ 1,045 and Less

Basic facts on Kenya

• Kenya is a middle income, developing, third world

country

• GNI per capita $1,280 (Singapore=$55,000 say 43 X more)

• Kenyan imports are DOUBLE the exports (weak Shilling)

• Food: about 10 million Kenyans (¼!! ) are food hungry;

But we Kenya is an agricultural country

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GDP Growth Rate Kenya 1981-2014

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19811983

19851987

19891991

19931995

19971999

20012003

20052007

20092011

2013

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Kenya

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Rank (of 53) Category / sub-category Country Score (100 =

highest) 23rd Overall 53 31st Safety and Rule of Law 48 25th Rule of Law 49 38th Accountability 34 40th Personal Safety 31 35th National Security 78 20th Participation and Human Rights 53 22nd Participation 49 20th Rights 47 11th Gender 63

25th Sustainable Economic Opportunity 50

17th Public Management 60 21st Business Environment 57 40th Infrastructure 18 11th Rural Sector 65 20th Human Development 60 22nd Welfare 56 20th Education 54 23rd Health 68

Governance in Kenya - Ibrahim Index of African Governance, 2011

Ranking in Mo-Ibrahims Governance Index Kenya out of 53 and 54

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Overal

Rankin

g

Particip

ation an

d Human Righ

ts

Human Deve

lopment

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

14

28

1410

16

2014 2011

Some Improvement in Mo-Ibrahims Governance Index for Kenya

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40

50

60

70

80

90

100

59

54

63

55

63

2014 2011

The most problematic factors of doing business in Kenya ?....

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Corruption

Access to financing

Tax rates

Inadequate supply of infrastructure

Inefficient government bureaucracy

Inflation

Crime and theft

Complexity of tax regulations

Insufficient capacity to innovate

Policy instability

Poor work ethic in labor force

Restrictive labor regulations

Foreign currency regulations

Inadequately educated workforce

Poor public health

Government instability/coups

0 5 10 15 20

19.7

12.9

11.2

9.7

7.9

7.5

7.4

5.1

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.3

1.2

Results from people interviewed on

15 most problematicFactors of doing business,

They chose worst 5

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Vision 2030Conceptualizati

on,Formulation, Completion

Launch

INPUT STAGE

The

3 P

illar

s

Econ

omic

, Soc

ial,

Polit

ical

+ E

nabl

ers

VISION 2030

Most Difficulty partSingapore, Malaysia, Bahrain

Oct, 2006

IMPLIMENTATION STAGE

June 2008Time

The arrow is spanning 2008-2030 meaning we shall see the results as implementation is going on. There are five phases, the first one being 2008-2012 and we will be implementing them in V2030 and revising the targets

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We have Vision !

OUTPUT / RESULTS

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2030

We want leadership to Address………>> 1. Globally CompetitiveGCI Kenya ranked 99/140 and generally worsening.Mean of middle income countries is 65 Institutions (reflecting good leadership) = 91/140; Ease of doing business Kenya ranked 136/189 countriesProductivity Index Kenya 0.8 out of 7: Middle income countries are at 5/7

2. Prosperous CountryGDP Per Capita-$1,280 (We want to make it $4,500)GDP Growth has been low: (from 2012 should be 10%)

3. High Quality of Life • Human Development Index: Low Human Development ..Rank 145/188.• 41% of Kenyans have no access to clean water. UN classifies Kenya as

CHRONICALLY water-scarce country; ranking 21st from the bottom in level of access to portable water globally 30

Constitution, 2010 –High Level

1. Two levels of Government-National and Counties2. The Legislature: The Senate and Parliament 3. The Executive –Ministries,Dept and Agencies4. Cabinet Secretaries and Principal Administration Secretaries -Not

political; Meritocracy, Professionalism 5. Constitution outlaws conflict of interest and requires more

transparency

6. More business in Counties –Infrastructure and new county development strategies

7. Uncertainty as new laws are written and implemented-Treasury/National assembly

8. Vetting process and accountability of state officers31

THE NEW CONSTITUTION-National Values

Article 10-National values and principles of governance Patriotism, national unity, sharing and devolution of power, the rule of

law, democracy and participation of the people;

Human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality, human rights, non-discrimination and protection of the marginalized;

Article 76-Leadership and Integrity

Article 132 (1) The President is required once in every year to report in address to the

Nation, on all measures taken and progress achieved in realizations of national Values

Article 234 Explains the functions and powers of the Public Service Commission. The

Commission shall promote and report to the President the values and principles referred in articles 10 and 232.

Constitution- Engagements Sphere

Big change process

Huge project with numerous uncertainties and challenges

New opportunities to serve and influence change

New policies, laws, regulations, institutions

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What Makes an Effective Leader in Public Service-CAPAM 2011 Survey-handout

1. Visionary

2. Effective Decision maker

3. Sets Expectations

4. Innovative

5. Collaborative

6. Charismatic

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SO, WHAT LEADERSHIP IS APPROPRIATE FOR KENYA?

Part 4 :

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Transformational Leadership is a process:

in which “leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation.”

NB: Anyone can influence organization through ideals and moral values!

Transformational Leader

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a. Idealized Influence (charisma); “behavior that arouses strong follower emotions and identification with the leader.”

Followers admire, trust and desire to emulate the leader.

Attribution responses from followers may reinforce this charismatic influence.

b. Individualized Consideration- includes providing support. However, unlike prescription that supportive behavior should be selectively applied, it remains a constant feature of transformational leadership behavior

Four Key Behaviours of a Transformational Leader

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Four Key Behaviours of a Transformational Leader Contd..

c. Inspirational Motivation – they communicate high expectations to followers, inspiring them to become committed to the shared vision of the organization. Leaders use symbols and emotional appeals to focus group members’ efforts to achieve more than they would in their own self-interest--enhancing team spirit.

d. Intellectual Stimulation of followers to be creative and innovative, to challenge their own beliefs and values as well as those of the leader and the organization. Transformational leaders support followers who try new approaches and develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues and promote followers’ thinking things on their own/engage in careful problem solving.

Kenya has Success Cases…….

• The MPESA revolution• Athletics prowess• Hosts UN bodies (many experts don’t go back

home!!)• Kenya Airways, leading Airline in Africa• Good work ethic..Hard working• High level of literacy (English speaking)• High literacy: 85% of people above 15 can read and

write.• Freedom of speech and association• Government-led Performance Contracts • Huduma Centres• Religious tolerance 39

Replicate these

Elsewhere

!!!

Part 5 : A Role for

Christian Professionals

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Sociologists’ Sphere of Governance and Leadership for Christian Professional

Good Leadershipin Kenya

Self

Fam

ily

Chur

ch

Corp

orat

e

Asso

ciati

ons

Gove

rnm

ent

Scho

ols

Observation:

Christian professionals have a role and place in all these pillars

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Economist’s Sphere of Leadership and Governance for Christian Professionals

The Process

(Institutions)Supply

Demand

Good Leadership

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Christian Professionals for the Political Pillar• Educate Citizens: Need to evaluating candidates on the platform of qualities of good

leadership

• Providing servant leadership: To influence public policy and implement programes

• Demand high standards: Assist and guide the leaders to uphold the rule of law to make sure that Human Rights are preserved, respected and maintained

• Institutional framework for electoral system: National, public administration and service delivery

• Demand democracy: Encourage democracy both in government and the civil society without fear or intimidation

• Demand accountability and transparency in the results the Government delivers to Kenya (i.e. no foul play)

• Mediation and impartial view: times of conflict and insecurity

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Human Capital is a very important input in many physical processes-And Leadership is very CRTICAL.

Most action is behavior-based, therefore Christians can play a very big role in shaping events due to their large numbers and the spiritual foundation.

Christian professionals should actively seek to understand and engage with the country’s development initiatives to be part of the transformation and not be bystanders.

Parting Shot…..

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Involvement of Christian Professional can be in the form of prayer; providing examples; teaching; policy formulation; preparation of laws; implementation; upholding high moral standards; inculcating national values; etc.

Christian Professional should seek strategic positions in the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary arms of government

The bible provides many examples of governance and good leadership

(What’s the spirit leading you to do? But 2 Chronicles 20:15 tells us that “the battle belongs to the Lord” and let us not be reluctant messenger like Jeremiah?)

Parting Shot Contd….…..

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Chang, Ha-Joon (2002) Kicking away the ladder: development strategy in historical perspective,

THE END

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Thank you for your Kind attention and God Bless you all