who rules germany - uni-freiburg.de · 2019-04-16 · parliamentary system: art. 20 of the german...
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Who rules Germany? An introduction to our political system
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Germany: a federal and parliamentary democracy
Federal system consisting of 16 states (Bundesländer)
Each has its own parliament and government
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Parliamentary system:Art. 20 of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz = Basic Law) says:
“All state authority is derived from the people.“
The German Bundestag situated in the Reichstag‐building in Berlin.
The German Parliament (Bundestag) is elected by and represents the German people. It…• makes national
legislation,• and controls the
government.
Germany: a federal and parliamentary democracy
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Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
Federal electorate(all citizens above 18)
Länder electorate(all Länder citizens above 18)
BundestagFederal Diet
16 LandtageState Diets
Minister President
State Cabinet
BundesratFederal Council
Electoral College
Mediation Committee
Federal President
Federal Constitutional Court
Overview of the political system in Germany
Executive bodies
Legislative bodies
Jurisdiction
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Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
Federal electorate(all citizens above 18)
Länder electorate(all Länder citizens above 18)
BundestagFederal Diet
16 LandtageState Diets
Minister President
State Cabinet
BundesratFederal Council
Electoral College
Mediation Committee
Federal President
Overview of the political system in Germany
Executive bodies
Legislative bodies
Jurisdiction
Federal Constitutional Court
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The German Bundestag
• Members elected by popular vote for a 4 year term• Working parliament with committees discussing laws
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The German Bundestag: functions
BundestagFederal Diet
Electoral functions
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The German Bundestag: functions
Chancellor
BundestagFederal Diet
Electoral functions‐ Chancellor
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The German Bundestag: functions
BundestagFederal Diet
Electoral College
Federal PresidentElectoral functions‐ Chancellor‐ Federal president (together with
delegates from the Länder in the Electoral College)
16 LandtageState Diets
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The German Bundestag: functions
BundestagFederal Diet
BundesratFederal Council
Electoral functions‐ Chancellor‐ Federal president (together with
delegates from the Länder in the Electoral College)
‐ ½ of Federal Supreme Court judges (the other ½ is elected by the Bundesrat)
Federal Constitutional Court
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The German Bundestag: functions
BundestagFederal Diet
Legislative function
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The German Bundestag: functions
BundestagFederal Diet
BundesratFederal Council
Mediation Committee
Legislative functionThe Bundestag makes national laws.Important ones together with the Bundesrat (representation of the Länder).
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Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
Federal electorate(all citizens above 18)
Länder electorate(all Länder citizens above 18)
BundestagFederal Diet
16 LandtageState Diets
Minister President
State Cabinet
BundesratFederal Council
Electoral College
Mediation Committee
Federal President
Overview of the political system in Germany
Executive bodies
Legislative bodies
Jurisdiction
Federal Constitutional Court
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Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
Federal electorate(all citizens above 18)
Länder electorate(all Länder citizens above 18)
BundestagFederal Diet
16 LandtageState Diets
Minister President
State Cabinet
BundesratFederal Council
Electoral College
Mediation Committee
Federal President
Overview of the political system in Germany
Executive bodies
Legislative bodies
Jurisdiction
Federal Constitutional Court
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
Willy Brandt
1969‐74, SPD
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
Willy Brandt
1969‐74, SPD
Helmut Schmidt
1974‐82, SPD
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
Willy Brandt
1969‐74, SPD
Helmut Schmidt
1974‐82, SPD
Helmut Kohl
1982‐98, CDU
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
Willy Brandt
1969‐74, SPD
Helmut Schmidt
1974‐82, SPD
Helmut Kohl
1982‐98, CDU
Gerhard Schröder
1998‐2005, SPD
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Chancellors
Konrad Adenauer
1949‐63, CDU
Ludwig Erhard
1963‐66, CDU
Kurt‐Georg Kiesinger
1966‐69, CDU
Willy Brandt
1969‐74, SPD
Helmut Schmidt
1974‐82, SPD
Helmut Kohl
1982‐98, CDU
Gerhard Schröder
1998‐2005, SPD
Angela Merkel
since 2005, CDU
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …Chancellor
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …• chooses the ministers in cabinetChancellor
Federal Cabinet
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …• chooses the ministers in cabinet• has the power to determine policy guidelines
Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …• chooses the ministers in cabinet• has the power to determine policy guidelines
(yet every minister has autonomy within his or her portfolio)
Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …• chooses the ministers in cabinet• has the power to determine policy guidelines
(yet every minister has autonomy within his or her portfolio)
But the chancellor is also accountable to the Bundestag and can be dismissed if the Bundestag elects another chancellor (constructive vote of no confidence).
Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
BundestagFederal Diet
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Competences of the chancellor
The chancellor …• chooses the ministers in cabinet• has the power to determine policy guidelines
(yet every minister has autonomy within his or her portfolio)
But the chancellor is also accountable to the Bundestag and can be dismissed if the Bundestag elects another chancellor (constructive vote of no confidence).
Once successful: 1982 Kohl vs. Schmidt
Chancellor
Federal Cabinet
BundestagFederal Diet
Constructive vote of noconfidence
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Chancellor Federal President
The Federal President
The Federal President…• is the head of state• represents Germany at home and abroad• has only very limited political powers
Joachim GauckFederal President since 2012
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court• is located in Karlsruhe (ca. 130 km
north of Freiburg)
Freiburg
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court• is located in Karlsruhe (ca. 130 km
north of Freiburg)• It consists of 16 judges (halfed into
two senates)
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court• is located in Karlsruhe (ca. 130 km
north of Freiburg)• It consists of 16 judges (halfed into
two senates)• is elected by Bundestag and
Bundesrat
BundestagFederal Diet
BundesratFederal Council
Federal Constitutional Court
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court…• is located in Karlsruhe (ca. 130 km
north of Freiburg)• It consists of 16 judges (halfed into
two senates)• is elected by Bundestag and
Bundesrat• checks whether laws made by the
Bundestag comply with the Basic Law
Law
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The Federal Constitutional CourtThe Federal Constitutional Court…• is located in Karlsruhe (ca. 130 km
north of Freiburg)• It consists of 16 judges (halfed into
two senates)• is elected by Bundestag and
Bundesrat• checks whether laws made by the
Bundestag comply with the Basic Law • can impose a party ban on
undemocratic parties (happened onlytwice: to a Nazi‐follow up party in 1952 and a communist party in 1956)
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Shared powers and checks and balances
Direct controls
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Shared powers and checks and balances
Control through elections
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Shared powers and checks and balances
Control through appointments
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Shared powers and checks and balances
The complete system of controls