who does what - environmental science & policy · aashto. league of cities. etc. american road...
TRANSCRIPT
Who Does WhatSusan Handy
TTP282October 2017
So who does the supplying?
Who is involved in deciding what kind of transportation system we will have?
Players
Government Industry
Citizens/Consumers
Players
Government Industry
Citizens/Consumers
HighwaysTransitPortsAirportsetc.
RailroadsVehiclesTruckingTaxis/shuttlesetc.
Players
Government Industry
Citizens/Consumers
HighwaysTransitPortsAirportsetc.
RailroadsVehiclesTruckingTaxis/shuttlesetc.
AASHTOLeague of Cities
etc.
American Road Builders Association,
etc.
T4America,Calif Bicycle Coalition
etc.
Institute of Transportation
Engineers
GovernmentResponsibility
Roads
Some rails
Transit service
Bike and ped facilities
Federal
State
Local
Metropolitan Planning Organizations
Transit Agencies
Levels of Government
Branches of Government
Legislative Branch
Passes laws and budget
Administrative Branch
Spends moneySets rules and guidelines
Judicial Branch
Makes sure that activities don’t…-Violate rights (constitutional)-Violate laws (statutory case)
Government Mechanisms
Federal
State
Regional
Local
$with strings
attachedState System
Regional System
Local System
Proposed projects
How it works for the road system…
Federal Agencies
Plus others…
US DOT
FHWA FTA
Transportation Planning Agencies
Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation
Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit
State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $
For stateSets requirements for local govt
Outside metro areas –State TIP
Build and maintain highways
Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $
For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP
Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $
For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP
Build and operate transit facilities
Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $
For city, under state law
Inside city – Capital Improvement Program
Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities
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Note: even Interstates are built, owned, maintained by states
NHS in Northern California
Recent Authorization Bills
ISTEA 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
TEA-21 1998 Transportation Equity Act
SAFETEA-LU
2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
MAP-21 2012 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st
Century
FAST Act 2015 Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
Funding
Planning Requirements
FAST ActFixing America’s Surface Transportation
• Signed into law December 4, 2015
• $304 billion for FY 2016-2020
• Builds on the program structure and reforms of MAP-21
• Continued focus on accelerating project delivery
• New focus on freight
• Provides a new tribal self-governance option
Other Federal Policy
• Clean Air Act• Energy Policy Conservation Act • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)• Executive Order on Environmental Justice
US EPA
Primary Air Quality Standards forTransportation-related Pollutant
Pollutant Type of Average Concentration
CO 8-hour1-hour
9 ppm (10mg/m3)35 ppm (40 mg/m3)
O38-hour1-hour
0.08 ppm (157 mg/m3)0.12 ppm (235mg/m3)
PM2.5Annual24-hour
15 ug/m3
65 ug/m3
PM10Annual24-hour
50 ug/m3
150 ug/m3
ppm = parts per millionmg/m3 = milligrams per meter cubedug/m3 = micrograms per meter cubed
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/aqfactbk/factbk1.htm
Source: http://airandliquidadvisors.com/non-attainment.html
Energy Policy Conservation Act
https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2013/figure8_6.html
NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act• Requires federal agencies to integrate
environmental values into their decision making processes by considering the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.
• To meet requirements, federal agencies prepare a detailed statement known as an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ej2000.htm
"No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." - Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
"Each Federal agency shall make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations." - Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 1994
Environmental Justice (EJ)
To avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority populations and low-income populations.
To ensure the full and fair participation by all potentially affected communities in the transportation decision-making process.
To prevent the denial of, reduction in, or significant delay in the receipt of benefits by minority and low-income populations.
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ej2000.htm
EJ Principles
State Agencies
State DOT
Transportation Planning Agencies
Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation
Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit
State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $
For stateSets requirements for local govt
Outside metro areas –State TIP
Build and maintain highways
Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $
For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP
Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $
For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP
Build and operate transit facilities
Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $
For city, under state law
Inside city – Capital Improvement Program
Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities
Maintenance
Operations
In California
Federal Policy California PolicyClean Air Act California Clean Air Act
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
Water Quality Act California Water Quality Act
n/a AB32, SB375, SB32, etc.Climate Change Policy
Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
Metropolitan Planning Organizations
“A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a transportation policy-making body… with authority and responsibility in metropolitan planning areas.” – Federal law
• Mandated by federal government in urbanized areas of 50,000+ population
• MPOs in areas over 200,000 population are Transportation Management Agencies (TMAs) with extra responsibilities
SACOGSacramento Area Council of Governments
Transportation Planning Agencies
Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation
Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit
State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $
For stateSets requirements for local govt
Outside metro areas –State TIP
Build and maintain highways
Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $
For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP
Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $
For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP
Build and operate transit facilities
Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $
For city, under state law
Inside city – Capital Improvement Program
Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities
Transportation planning and programming
Planning:• Developing a vision• Creating policies and
strategies to support the vision
• Long-term horizon
Programming:• Prioritizing proposed projects• Matching projects with
available funds• Short-term horizon
Long-Range Plan(LRP)
Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP)
see ECI 251
Also in California…
• Regional Transportation Planning Agencies (RTPAs)• Congestion Management Agencies (CMAs)• County Transportation Commission (CTC) or Authority (CTA)
Air Quality Management Districts (AQMDs)
http://www.arb.ca.gov/drdb/dismap.htm
Air basins
Transit AgenciesCity County Regional
Transportation Planning Agencies
Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation
Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit
State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $
For stateSets requirements for local govt
Outside metro areas –State TIP
Build and maintain highways
Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $
For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP
Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $
For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP
Build and operate transit facilities
Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $
For city, under state law
Inside city – Capital Improvement Program
Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities
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Local Level
Cities Counties
Transportation Planning Agencies
Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation
Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit
State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $
For stateSets requirements for local govt
Outside metro areas –State TIP
Build and maintain highways
Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $
For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP
Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $
For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP
Build and operate transit facilities
Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $
For city, under state law
Inside city – Capital Improvement Program
Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities
“Public Works performs administrative, technical and operational activities in support of the City’s infrastructure and related services in the following areas; Transportation, Waste Water, Storm Drainage, Water, Engineering, Solid Waste, Fleet, Building Facilities and Capital Improvements. The Department strives to protect the City’s investment in its infrastructure and public facilities, plans for future improvements to address changing needs, and ensure the health and safety of the community in the most efficient and cost effective manner.”
City of DavisPublic Works Department
http://public-works.cityofdavis.org/
Street hierarchy
Local
Shared – local, regional, state
Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf
Under and over I-80 and the railroad tracks
Level Transportation Agencies
Land Use Agencies
Federal FHWAFTA
none
State DOT none
Regional MPOTransit
none
Local City and county planning and public works departments
City and county planning department
Transportation vs. Land Use Planning
See ESP 171
Next up: Traffic flow!
From 12:30 to 1:30!