whitespace measurement and virtual backbone construction for cognitive radio networks: from the...
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![Page 1: Whitespace Measurement and Virtual Backbone Construction for Cognitive Radio Networks: From the Social Perspective Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d529/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Whitespace Measurement and Virtual Backbone Construction for Cognitive Radio
Networks: From the Social Perspective
Whitespace Measurement and Virtual Backbone Construction for Cognitive Radio
Networks: From the Social Perspective
Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology
Zhipeng Cai and Meng HanGeorgia State University
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Introduction
Primary Users (PUs)
Secondary Users (SUs)
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Introduction• Problem
– Systematically analyze the spectrum whitespace in CRNs from a social network perspective
• Contribution– Propose a novel metric named centrality score to measure the active weights of PUs by
considering each PU’s topological importance and the global primary network running and traffic information
– Analyzed the whitespace for SUs under three primary activity social patterns: i.i.d. distribution, Poisson distribution, and Gaussian distribution
– Propose a Spectrum Altitudes based Virtual Backbone (SAVB) construction algorithm
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• PUs’ Social Attributes and Whitespace Analysis• Virtual Backbone (VB) construction• Simulation• Conclusion
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
System Model• Primary Network
– N Poisson distributed PUs with density of λp
– Transmission and interference radii: R and RI
– The network time is slotted with each time slot of length τ
– The licensed spectrum bandwidth W
– The primary network is dense scaling
• Secondary Network– n randomly deployed SUs
– Transmission and interference radii: r and rI
– The secondary network is connected and dense scaling
![Page 6: Whitespace Measurement and Virtual Backbone Construction for Cognitive Radio Networks: From the Social Perspective Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d529/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• PUs’ Social Attributes and Whitespace Analysis• Virtual Backbone (VB) construction• Simulation• Conclusion
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Centrality Score of PUs• Motivation: local and global activity behavior of PUs
• Centrality score of a PU Si
Expected # of active PUsThe betweenness centrality of Si: the number of
shortest paths passing Si
The # of shortest paths in the primary network The average # of PUs on shortest paths
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Centrality Score of PUs• Centrality score of a PU Si
The average # of active PUs on each shortest path
The normalized weight of Si to be active
The weight of a PU on each shortest path to be active
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Social Activity Pattern of PUs• By recent empirical studies
– i.i.d. activity pattern
– Poisson distribution pattern , e.g., the GSM90 uplink service
– Gaussian distribution pattern , e.g., cell phone users, cellular network users, mobile device holders, WiFi users
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Whitespace Analysis• i.i.d. activity
– The lower and upper bounds of the centrality score of PU Si
– The lower and upper bounds of the active probability of PU Si
– The lower and upper bounds of the available spectrum whitespace for a secondary link
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Whitespace Analysis• Poisson distributed pattern
• Gaussian distributed pattern
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• PUs’ Social Attributes and Whitespace Analysis• Virtual Backbone (VB) construction• Simulation• Conclusion
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Virtual Backbone (VB) Construction• Definition of VB
– A VB B of the secondary network is a subset of SUs such that (i) every SU is either in B or has some neighbor in B; and (ii) B is connected.
• Objective – Seek a VB with small size
– Seek a VB with more spectrum bandwidth available
• Spectrum altitude– Measures the average available whitespace at SU su
– A high implies su has more neighbors and high available spectrum whitespace to its neighbors on average
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Virtual Backbone (VB) Construction
Seek a Maximal Independent Set (MIS) M of the secondary network
Final a minimal set C of connectors to connect the independent nodes in M
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Virtual Backbone (VB) Construction• Correctness analysis of SAVB
• Performance analysis of SAVB
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• PUs’ Social Attributes and Whitespace Analysis• Virtual Backbone (VB) construction• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 17: Whitespace Measurement and Virtual Backbone Construction for Cognitive Radio Networks: From the Social Perspective Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d529/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Simulation• Settings
– Time is slotted with each time slot is normalized to one
– The primary bandwidth is normalized to 100
– Examine the unicast throughput under different primary activity distributions
• Comparison– US (Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 2013): a VB is first constructed on top of a
cell-based network partition; then, the unicast is carried out on the VB
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Simulation• Whitespace estimation
• Successful delivery ratio
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Conclusion
– We provide a mathematical framework for deriving the whitespace for SUs
• With local and global primary activity consideration
• With typical primary social patterns consideration
– Propose a spectrum altitude based virtual backbone construction algorithm
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, M. Han, and R. Beyah Whitespace Measurement and VB Construction
Thank you!Shouling Ji
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/sji/