whitepaper - spacegold corp...p2p distributed file system. ipfs establishes connection between any...

WHITEPAPER

Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................... 2 The Problem ................................................ 3 The Solution ................................................ 3 ICO Offering Plan ....................................... 3 Exchange Offering Plan .............................. 4 IPFS ............................................................. 4 Projects Using the IPFS Technology ........... 5

AKASHA ................................................ 5 ALEXANDRIA ....................................... 5 IPFS ARBORE ........................................ 5 GitHub ..................................................... 5 COMPUTES.IO ...................................... 5 DAPPLE .................................................. 5 GIT-IPFS-RESHOST .............................. 5 HYDRUSNETWORK ............................. 5 INTER PLANETARY WAYBACK ....... 5 DIGIX ...................................................... 5 ETHLANCE ............................................ 5

INTERPLANETARY Blockchain WIKI .... 6 Wiki built on top of IPFS ........................ 6 MOKAEROSPACE – Example .............. 6

Abstract SpaceGold is a decentralized platform that records users who have purchased streams of gold that are produced off-world in space from asteroids using the Blockchain (Ethereum). Users may take physical delivery of gold or trade their SpaceGold tokens to others using our platform. Each SpaceGold token gives the holder the right to a stream of 240 milligrams of physical gold mined and refined in space. Physical gold is returned to Earth on a regular basis from space. Physical gold is retrieved

and available to be redeemed by token owners in 1/10th troy ounce increments (3,110 SpaceGold tokens) for payment of 25% (1/4) the price of gold as traded in the London Precious Metals Market.

Physical Gold is available for release at a rate of 1 milligram per month per token for 240 months after off-world production starts.

Funds received will be invested in companies that extract gold from a comet or asteroid and return it to Earth and who agree to SpaceGold’s terms.

Companies that qualify to support SpaceGold’s streaming contracts are;

1. Deep Space Industries, Inc. 2. Planetary Resources, Inc. 3. Moon Express 4. iSpace 5. Asteroid Mining Corporation 6.

Shackleton Energy Company 7. Kleos Space S.A. 8. TransAstra Corporation 9. SpaceFab.US 10. 10.National Aeronautics and Space

Administration 11. MokAerospace (Boeing, Rocketdyne

& SpaceX)

The Global Space Mining Market is expected to be returning 25 tons of gold to Earth each year by 2025 which amounts to 1% of all gold mined at that time which supports 2.083 billion SpaceGold tokens created and on offer today!

3 | S p a c e G o l d W h i t e p a p e r

Even though 25 tons of gold per year is only 1% of the world’s total, off-world mining represents a new source of gold for terrestrial markets which are already seeing production fall. The effects of peak-gold.

Off-world space mining represents the fifth great wave in gold production in coming years because gold is more abundant in asteroids than on Earth.

The Problem Gold availability has peaked on Earth yet there is plenty of gold in space, however the companies that know how to return that gold to Earth at a profit, don’t have access to the capital needed to build the equipment they must to mine that gold.

Members of the public are more than happy to support off-world mining in return for a portion of the physical gold stream returned to Earth and would like to track activity toward that goal while they trade their position online as a way to realize value of

their streaming contracts over time based on the sentimental as well as the production value of successful programs.

The Solution We introduce SpaceGold, the first decentralized application to ever record streaming contracts for off world gold production and keep track of contract holders and prospective producers using the Ethereum blockchain. All while permitting contract holders to trade their positions with others using Ethereum infrastructure.

As previously discussed (see problem section), funds are used to fund gold production and other off world production from qualified vendors who agree to SpaceGold streaming terms.

SpaceGold resolves funding issues for space miners by supplying them with Ethereum backed contracts before production in space is realized. SpaceGold provides a solution for users to receive value within the community associated with a specific event or topic as space mining develops.

As other products are streamed from space they may be valued in terms of gold as well. This allows users to receive value for their SpaceGold tokens based on the success or acceptance of off-world mining, and effectively take preventive measures or make well informed decisions with regard to current and future events as they occur.

ICO Offering Plan Time 2 Feb. 2019-2014 1 Token 0.00411 ETH Token Sell in ICO 1.5b Sale Platform Official Website


Exchange Offering Plan Time Till project life 1 Token 0.00411 ETH Token in exchange 0.25 Billion Exchange Platform Etherdelta Exchange Platform Forkdelta

IPFS The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a P2P distributed file system. IPFS establishes connection between any devices in charge of computation in the circuit with the same system of files. In term of connection, IPFS works like the World Wide Web. To be more accurate, IPFS operates as BitTorrent swarm following Interplanetary Network Protocol developed by IEEE (William Mook is on the IEEE working group for Interplanetary Internet).

Exchanging objects within one Git repository, allowing SpaceGold holders to monitor gold production as it takes place in space. In other words, IPFS provides a high throughput content-addressed block storage model, with content addressed hyperlinks. This generates a data structure, called Merkle DAG, which can make a versioned file system, blockchains, and even a permanent web, based on gold production as well as other commodities activities and finished goods made in space. IPFS takes advantage of distributed hash table, commodity block, and self-certifying namespace for this purpose.

There is no single-point failure in IPFS. One of the biggest advantages of this file system. Basically, nodes do not need to rely or trust each other in the system.

Between the most successful distributed file systems those with peer-to-peer file-sharing applications have received more attention from the users. KaZaa, Napster, and BitTorrent have played a big role in arranging large file distribution systems to support over 100 million real-time users.

From a functional perspective, it is important to note that when a file or resource is “uploaded” to the IPFS network, a hash is generated, which can be used to reference that file. SpaceGold heavily exploits the benefits of distributed and decentralized file systems such as SWARM in several use cases. A possible use case to leverage any decentralized file system is in an application that would require its users to track and share the history of their off-world mining and refining with the rest of their peers.

This file becomes valuable overtime as democratically decided by the community or network as the gold is extracted, refined and returns to Earth throughout the flight and production cycle of each spacecraft.


Projects Using the IPFS Technology AKASHA. A Next-Generation Social Media Network, powered by Ethereum and embedded into IPFS. ALEXANDRIA. Decentralized commodity production /monetization platform. A friend-to-friend file-sharing app build on top of IPFS. Has a plugin which allows for easy sharing of value streams using.

IPFS ARBORE. A badge issuing, sharing and display platform based on Distributed social platform that runs in the browser.

GitHub A Golang app to preset an interface and get all of its assets out of IPFS.

Repository Anchor

COMPUTES.IO. A distributed supercomputer powered by IPFS.

DAPPLE A Solidity developer multitool designed to manage the growing complexity of interconnected smart contract systems BLOKALY. IPFS BOARDS. COHORT. GIT-IPFS-RESHOST. A script to rehost your git repos in IPFS GLOBAL Upload. File transportation service for IPFS, upload files to the future of distributed web.

HYDRUSNETWORK. A booru-style media tagging application with a multitude of features, recently added basic IPFS support.

INTER PLANETARY WAYBACK. Web Archive (WARC) indexing and replay using IPFS.

DIGIX. An asset-tokenization platform built on Ethereum and IPFS DTUBE. Distributed video sharing with steem.it integrations, using IPFS for backend storage.

ETHLANCE1. First completely decentralized job market platform built on Ethereum and IPFS.Github and data distribution structure for the management of electronic cash without the intervention of any centralized administration, programmed to record all the financial transactions as well as everything that holds value. Veterans of the industry claim that blockchain lives in a state of consciousness. It practically checks on itself every now and then. It's similar to a self-auditing technology where its network reconciles every transaction, known as a block, which happens aboard at regular intervals.

In essence, blockchain technology has two major properties - it is highly transparent and incorruptible. Each and every transaction that takes place on this server is embedded within the network, making it entirely visible to the public yet anonymous.

Furthermore, it is impossible to retrospectively edit or omit information on blockchain because it requires extraordinary levels of both computer and electrical power to acquire a mining capacity that is greater than the whole network put together. This makes it difficult to

1 Retrieved from https://www.datasciencecentral.com


undermine the immutability of the blockchain. Since it is transparent, it is also easy to detect fraud on the blockchain. Hence, it's timeless and incorruptible reputation.

INTERPLANETARY Blockchain WIKI.

Wiki built on top of IPFS1 Blockchain is an irrefutably resourceful invention that is bringing about a revolution in the global business market. Its evolution has brought with it a greater good, not only for individual users but for businesses as well.

Blockchain technology offers quite a number of merits over a traditional database in the areas of immutability, lower costs, transparency, accountability, security and many more.

SpaceGold leverages these attributes by virtue of having most of its ecosystem logic located on the Ethereum blockchain.

Since all transactions leading to the mining of each gold tile, depicts the emotional level of users’ reactions in their private networks, is recorded in the blockchain.

Users monitor and verify premium paid for SpaceGold physical tile, a process that is not owned and manipulated by any central authority.

Furthermore, all have complete visibility into the Smart Contract (an Ethereum Smart Contract is a piece of logic/code that dictates the terms, states and rules of a given digital contract. Smart Contracts are embedded at certain addresses in the blockchain and visible to everyone).

Size of Comet 67P compared to Columbus

Users of SpaceGold are assured a seamless uninterrupted service is available, with no down times as opposed to traditional servers and databases.

Since the blockchain is open to the public domain, all personal data belonging to individuals and corporations are securely encrypted and stored.

MOKAEROSPACE – Example In the past few years, asteroid mining has come to the attention of governments and companies. Asteroid mining is set to be one of the major role players in the metal market in 2020’s.

MOKAEROSPACE’s mission in the Golden Star Mine Project is to assemble and launch an asteroid mining engine and return the products to Earth.

MOKAEROSPACE will use non-chemical and non-mechanical processing method tested on earth which is their main difference with the other companies.

This approach is pretty simple and efficient and with the minimum pollution.

1 Retrieved (modified) from https://www.datasciencecentral.com


"We will cost-effectively mine asteroids and return the precious metal to Earth."

William Mook, CEO MOKAEROSPACE

MOKAEROSPACE uses its proprietary solar energy technology to power a plasma torch that operates in the vacuum of space to process ores into refined precious metals and plate them on a 105 mm wide by 45.5 km long tape to a depth of 0.76 mm. This 70 tonne ribbon of gold is spooled into a return capsule. The capsule then boosts after three years of mining, to intercept Earth and land at White Sands Missile Range.

The ribbon consists of 22,505,520 tiles each 0.1 troy ounces in weight that have a 10.5 mm x 20.2 mm x 0.76 mm dimension. They are laser engraved with machine readable code and placed in the blockchain database at time of manufacture.

The operation is proven to work, with the return of Hayabusa and OSIRIS-REx. Mok expects to return 3.65 million ounces of refined precious metals.

For the sample Comet 67P, dust particles analyze and remote sensing done by satellites along with the origin and evolutionary history of that and other asteroids, indicates gold abundance of 4.4 ppm in the comet.

Asteroids and comets have more gold than Earth’s crust because asteroids and comets do not have heavy metal cores, so they have far more heavy metals available for mining.

To refine this gold in space, Mok focuses sunlight on to a high efficiency solar pumped thin disk laser, and uses laser detonation of asteroid regolith to form a well-defined plasma plume.

That plasma plume feeds material through a time of flight mass spectrometer to separate out precious metals from the ore, and plate those precious metals on to a tape, to a depth of 0.76 mm which is wound into a return capsule. Continuous solar energy beyond the earth atmosphere combined with rich asteroid and cometary ore bodies along with the natural vacuum of space makes the process simple and cost effective.

MOKAEROSPACE technical team has a solar pumped laser capable of generating up to 3,000 MW of laser energy at Earth’s distance from the Sun. Even at distances beyond Mars, this laser still produces 835 MW laser light. At the lowest settings the laser processes 557 kg/sec of the ore body which produces 2.45 grams per second of refined product. The refined gold is expected to be over 77 metric tons of gold, equal to 2.5 million troy ounces. Capsules return up to 3.65 million troy ounces.

With a 2 to 1 orbital resonance with Earth, the asteroid passes Earth every 22 months


providing an easy way to return refined product in lightweight aeroshells.

Golden Star Mine Project is expected to deliver 18 return capsules to Earth over the next 33 years, one every 22 months.

All capsules will be returned to the US Southwest at White Sands Missile Range. Amounts will be recorded when made and easily audited and distributed. Refined metal is then distributed to contract holders upon demand and the SpaceGold contract delivered.


Team Members William Mook (CEO and Founder) Aerospace Engineer

I’m from New Zealand, I grew up in Ohio. I went to the Ohio State University. In graduate school, I worked with Dr. John Kraus and helped him turn the Transit satellite network into the first GPS network for the United State Navy. Through that connection I came to advise the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and urged progressive declassification and commercialization of GPS from the Reagan through the Clinton Administrations. Along the way I invented lab automation and retail automation (US Patent 4,903,200) and helped Boeing Spectrolab

Division develop the first hyper-efficient solar panels (US Patent 7,081,584).

In 2017, I founded Mok to commercialize high efficiency solar pumped laser technology I created. The commercial applications include (1) efficient power beaming over long distances, including beaming from space as well as (2) efficient plasma production for mining and refining operations in space. Since sun shines continuously in space and the systems I developed are extremely light weight, practical quantities of power and precious metals are produced from satellites operating inside the orbit of Jupiter. There are literally millions of asteroids that may be mined using laser induced plasma in this way. Focusing on asteroids that have a 1.31 AU (1.96 million km) semimajor axis, and an 18-month orbital period, I know I can retrieve 70 tons every 36 months from the mining drone for up to 33 years.


Hamidreza Jalilian (Mining and Metallurgical Engineer)

Reza has his Bachelor’s degree in mining exploration from University of Tehran. He has been given the Award of Distinction as an excellent student at UT in 2011 and received a Master’s degree offer from the university in Mineral Processing without having to take the national exam. After completing the Master’s degree, Reza received a PhD offer from the University of Arizona. Living as a PhD student in USA exposed him to many opportunities to make changes in industry. During his research, he had many disagreements with his PhD advisor which convinced him to decide to come out the school with a second Master’s degree and devote his time and energy to the industry. In the summer of 2017, he started working as an intern for Freeport MCMoRan (FCX), the second largest copper producer in the world. During his internship he analyzed an issue with the processing of the copper in Morenci Mine, one of the largest copper mines in the world. With this contribution, he was selected to give a public presentation about his project as an outstanding intern. Later, he received a full-time job offer from the company.

Working in Freeport McMoRan didn’t take long. Routine job tasks and living in a remote area made him feel unsatisfied. Finally, he stopped working for Freeport in the spring of 2018 and pursuing different path. Reza was exposed to space mining in 2016 for the first time during his study at University of Arizona. He was fascinated by this new area of generating resources. In the same year, he gathered information about space mining and gave an introductory presentation about this area for other students in the mining department at the University of Arizona. He believed this is a game changing opportunity for the mining industry and in general for the human being. He had the dream to be an entrepreneur in space mining industry. After three years, Reza was introduced to William Mook through a mutual friend to make his dream come true. He is very passionate and optimistic about the future of space mining on Planet Earth.

Reza loves travelling, looking for adventure and listening to the life stories of others. He loves living life, serving humanity and our plant.

whitepaper - spacegold corp...p2p distributed file system. ipfs establishes connection between any...

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