Part 2Cindy McKenzie & Cristi Palmer

Whitefly Management

Components of a Good Management Program

• Exclusion• Sanitation• Scouting• Beneficial Organisms• Products

– Chemical– Biological

Biological and Chemical Tools

Q was known to be tolerant to most chemical classes in 2004

*** Products from several key classes where tolerance has been observed. Listing of a product does not imply tolerance exists in all Q populations nor that Q has not developed tolerance to other products.

44 Products Tested from 2005 through 2009

• Acelepryn (DPX-E2Y45)

• Agri-50• Aria 50 SG• Avid 0.15EC• BotaniGard 22WP• BotaniGard ES• BugOil• Celero 16WSG• Discus• Distance 0.86EC• DPX-HGW85• Dursban• Eco E-rase• EcoTrol EC• Endeavor

• Enstar II• Flagship 25WG• Judo 4F• Kontos• Marathon II• Met 52• MilStop• M-Pede• Naturalis B• NoFly• Organocide• Ornazin 3%EC• Orthene TTO• Pedestal• QRD400• Revoke

• Safari 20SG• Safari 25WG• Sanmite• Scimitar• Sorbitol Octanoate• Sucrocide• Synergy (Suffoil X)• Talus• Tame• TickEx EC• TriCon (BW420)• TriStar 30SG• TriStar 70WSP

Contributing Researchers

Photo by Cristi Palmer, IR-4

Mr. Jim Bethke

Mr. Dan Gilrein

Dr. Scott Ludwig

Dr. Cindy McKenzie

* Dr. Ron Oetting

Dr. Michael Parrella

Q Biotype Whitefly on Poinsettia ‘Freedom Bright Red’, Bethke, 2005

Q Biotype Whitefly on Salvia, Open Greenhouse, Oetting, 2008

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0102030405060708090

100

PreCount 1 WAT 2 WAT 3 WAT 4 WAT 5 WAT

Imm

atur

e W

hite

fly P

opul

atio

n

Perc

ent C

ontr

ol (H

ende

rson

s)

Judo (4 oz) Judo (8 oz) Judo (12 oz)Kontos (1.7 oz) Marathon II (2 oz) Safari (6 oz)Safari (8 oz) Untreated

Average Percent Control for Q from 2005 to 2009

Product (active ingredient)

Average Percent Control Immatures during 3-5 WAITFoliar Drench

% Min-Max # % Min-Max #Acelepryn 51% 36-72 1 45% 0-76 3Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 88% 69-99 4 -BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 68% 0-100 7 -BugOil 76% 8-100 3 -Celero 16WG (clothianidin) 79% 60-95 2 80% 68-87 3Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 50% 25-77 3 -Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 64% 0-95 7 15% 0-85 3Judo (spiromesifen) 84% 0-100 18 -Kontos (spirotetramat) 76% 0-100 11 82% 0-95 2Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 30% 0-85 9 62% 0-95 6M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 80% 64-97 2 -Naturalis(Beauveria bassiana) 83% 60-97 2 -NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 43% 0-84 3 -Safari 20SG (dinotefuran) 83% 0-100 17 89% 0-100 13Sanmite (pyridaben) 81% 38-98 5 -TriStar (acetamiprid) 86% 0-100 13 -

Beneficial Organisms

Beneficial Organisms for QPredators

Amblyseius swirskii *Delphastus sp. *

Neoseiulus californicusOrius insidiosus Parasites

Eretmocerus californicusEretmocerus eremicus *

Eretmocerus mundus

* Commercially available

Impact on Adult (Immature)

Am

blys

eius

swirs

kii

Neo

seiu

lus

calif

orni

cus

Del

phas

tus

sp.

Enc

arsi

afo

rmos

a

Ere

tmoc

erus

sp.

Oriu

sin

sidi

osus

/sp.

Product (active ingredient)Acelepryn (chlorantraniliprole) 1Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 4 4 3 (1) 4 (1) 3 (3)Azatin (azadirachtin) 2 1 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (2)BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 2 1 2(2) 1(1) 2(--)Celero 16WG (clothianidin)Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 2 1 1 (3) -- (3) 1Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 1 2 4Judo 4F (spiromesifen) 3 3 -- (3) 1Kontos (spirotetramat)Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 3 4 4 (3) 4(4) 4 (4)M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 3 4 4 4NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 1 1 1 (1) 1(--) 1 (--)Safari 20SG (dinotefuran)Sanmite (pyridaben) 4 4 4 (3) 4 (4) 3 (4)TriStar (acetamiprid) 3 4 (3) 3 (3) -- (4)

1 = Harmless2 = 25 – 50% reduction

3 = 50 – 75% reduction4 = Harmful

Beneficial Organisms & Chemical Tools

Table compiled from information posted on Biobest & Koppert websites and studies sent by manufacturers

Whitefly Management

Program

Step 1: Scouting

• Scout• Scout• Scout

• Okay I found a whitefly, now what?

Step 2: Identify the Whitefly

• Is it Bemisa tabaci?• If yes, is it B or Q?

– Is this an infestation you normally have at this time of year?

– Have you received shipments from propagators with Q previously?

– Send it to be identified!!!

Step 3: Management

• What stage is your crop?• When will you be harvesting / selling it?• Use the Whitefly Management Program

to determine potential treatments – weigh time to harvest and infestation level

with the potential to use beneficial organisms

Research on Rotational Programs (Dr. Ron Oetting, 2009)

• Q and B biotype Bemisia tabaci• Poinsettia ‘Classical Red’• Seven different rotations• Counted adults and immatures on 2 full

leaves• Sent adults to Dr. Cindy McKenzie for

typing (B and Q)• Q samples were haplotype characterized

as Q1

Results & Summary• All tested rotational programs managed

total populations, but none dropped the population completely to zero

• Using less active materials for resistance management can still result in an effective overall program

• Q is less sensitive to certain products than B

Whitefly Management Plan

Whitefly Recommendations• Inspect plants frequently

– When arrive in your facility– During routine scouting

• Manage populations early rather than waiting until they explode

• If current program provides little control:

-- Send your whiteflies to be typed-- Rotate to different modes of action-- Get specific recommendations from your

favorite extension entomologisthttp://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htm

Acknowledgements

• Cindy McKenzie

• Jim Bethke

• Scott Ludwig

• Ron Oetting

• Lance Osborne

Thank you!

Photo by Margery Daughtrey, LIHRC