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RIGHT Hikapee: Moonfall, March 2017 (Photo by Robin Boot)

COVER Stock photo by Adobe Stock

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I N T R O D U C I N G S P O T L I G H T / /Spotlight, a new strand of Arts Council England’s (ACE) Environmental Programme, has been developed to support the small number of National Portfolio Organisations (NPOs) responsible for half of the portfolio’s total carbon emissions. Over the next four years Julie’s Bicycle (JB) will be working with thirty Band 3 organisations (NPOs in receipt of over £1 million of Arts Council funding) to achieve measurable reductions through good environmental management practice.

Spotlight supports improvements in environmental literacy, strategy and expertise in order to achieve ambitious, yet attainable, Environmental Impact Reduction Objectives (EIROs), with governance frameworks that will support the longer-term resilience of cultural institutions. Each participating organisation will agree a bespoke EIRO which will be stored and tracked in the JB’s Creative Green Tools1 as part of the annual carbon footprint reporting. Julie’s Bicycle will be

working with NPOs to set ambitious yet achievable targets. EIROs will be negotiated in full consultation with participating organisations. This setting of EIROs will be cognisant of existing targets organisations may have in place to 2022.

A significant proportion of the carbon emissions produced by these NPOs is attributable to the energy consumed in their buildings. Spotlight is focused on developing EIROs related to energy consumption and providing energy management support. Buildings are an ideal place for impact reductions because organisations have direct control over their energy consumption. Spotlight’s goal is to develop best practice in building energy management for NPOs and, ultimately, to replicate and adapt this good practice across Arts Council’s portfolio.

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1Julie’s Bicycle CG Tools. Carbon footprinting tools used for measuring annual environmental impacts of the arts. NPOs are required to report their environmental impacts through the tools annually in accordance with their Arts Council England funding agreement.

U K C L I M A T E C O M M I T M E N T S / /4

The UK government passed the Climate Change Act in 20082, which enshrined into law a commitment to reduce carbon emissions across the economy by at least 80% from the 1990 baseline by 2050. In 2015 the UK became one of 195 signatories to the Paris Agreement (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC))3.

Starting in 2020, the Paris Agreement’s long-term goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels; and to limit the increase to 1.5 °C.

In October 2018 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a Special Report4 on climate change. its overall findings were stark: limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires “rapid and far-reaching” transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities; global net human caused emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would need to fall by around 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, in order to reach ‘net zero’ by 2050.

The IPCC Special Report suggested a window of 12 years during which massive and unprecedented changes to the global energy infrastructure were needed to limit global warming to moderate levels.

The UK energy sector needs to change dramatically in order to achieve these reductions. With the most difficult sectors of the economy being transport and air travel, the buildings sector needs to transition to being carbon-neutral (no net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere) to reach the targeted reductions.

To achieve carbon-neutrality in the building sector, UK projected energy scenarios indicate that by 2050 the electricity grid will be decarbonised by using renewable energy or hydrogen sources, with heat also provided by electricity the gas network will be gone altogether. Arts and culture, along with the rest of the economy, will be powered by renewable energy.

2UK Climate Change Act. Brought into force by UK Parliament in 2008, the Act commits the UK to lowering its carbon emissions by at least 80% by 2050 from baseline 1990 levels. 3UNFCCC, Paris Agreement. An international agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change committing signatory nations to keep increases in global temperature well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels. 4IPCC Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5° C. Commissioned by the IPCC, the scientific community examined whether an emissions reduction pathway to cap global temperature rise at 1.5° C was feasible, reporting that this would require ‘deep emissions reductions’ throughout society.

5S C I E N C E - B A S E D T A R G E T S / /

Science-Based Targets, or SBTi5, is an initiative which predicts the CO2e reductions necessary to keep global warming within 2° C. Grounded in climate science research, it sets clear limits to emissions in order to stay within the global carbon budget (i.e. the maximum carbon emissions that can be in the atmosphere to stay within 2° C)6. The SBTI framework,

followed by many other business sectors, also examines energy sources and pathways which will strengthen the market for renewables. The SBTi framework for Spotlight will ensure that EIROs are aligned to best practice.

E I R O S E T T I N G / /When developing a carbon reduction target, it is important to set clear parameters: for example, a 10% reduction in total carbon emissions by 2022/23 compared to carbon emissions in 2018/19.

It is also important to be clear about the scope of the carbon footprint. For Spotlight the focus, taken from

the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, is on Scope 1 (fuel and company vehicles) and Scope 2 (electricity, heat and steam) emissions. Scope 3 (e.g. goods and services, business travel, employee commuting and waste disposal) is optional (Table 1).

5Science-Based Target initiative (SBTi). With the aim to make science-based target setting the standard business practice among corporations by 2020, targets are considered “science-based” if they fall within the carbon budget necessary to keep global temperature increase below 2° Celsius compared to pre- industrial levels, as described by the IPCCC.

6Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Comprehensive and standardised frameworks for measuring and managing greenhouse gas emissions from private and public sector operations.

6Spotlight will use a carbon emissions baseline of 2018-19 – the first year of the programme – with a target year of 2021/22, the final year. The 2018/19 baseline will ensure that energy data and relative metrics are consistent, robust and accurate across all participating organisations. This consistency will enable comparison between organisations and over time as well as aggregating total results.

Spotlight will be measuring energy consumption in kWh and converting to carbon emissions using government published carbon emissions conversion factors. To enable comparison across Spotlight participants and over time the relative metrics of floor area, opening hours, visitors and ticket numbers will be used. Floor area is the biggest determinant of energy use in arts and cultural buildings, therefore this is the primary relative metric for SBTi and energy efficiency target setting (e.g. g CO2/m2/year or kWh/m2/year). Organisations can select secondary metrics if they choose (e.g. gCO2/visitor/year).

Working with Julie’s Bicycle each participating Spotlight organisation will set a science-based target for carbon emissions in 2050. Based on that trajectory this will identify targets for 2022 (i.e. CO2/m2/year).

In addition to setting EIROs aligned to SBTi of g CO2/m2/year participating organisations will set an energy intensity target, which is a measure of energy efficiency performance (e.g. kWh of electricity use/m2/year or kWh of gas use/m2/year). Organisations may have secondary targets which can be helpful communication tools (for example, energy per ticket per year).

Julie’s Bicycle will be developing a Spotlight route map for each organisation which may identify the types of interventions that would enable organisations to achieve their EIROs – e.g. switching to a green energy supply, installation of LEDs and adoption of good operational practices (see Table 1 for guidance on meeting your carbon and energy reduction targets).

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S E T T I N G Y O U R E I R O s

Julie’s Bicycle will be working with NPOs to set ambitious yet achievable targets. EIROs will be negotiated in full consultation with

participating organisations. This setting of EIROs will be cognisant of existing targets organisations may have in place to 2022.

T A R G E T T Y P E C A R B O N T A R G E T S E N E R G Y T A R G E T S

Description This target will be based on SBTi This target will be based on energy intensity

Programme baseline year 2018/19programme targets may align with organisation’s existing targets

Programme final year 2021/22

Units g CO2/m2/year kWh/m2/year

A C H I E V I N G Y O U R E I R O s

E N V I R O N M E N T A L I M P A C T C A R B O N E N E R G Y

Fuels (Scope 1) 1. Adopt good energy management operational practices, e.g. monitoring, control and programming (i.e. BMS) and maintenance schedules, etc.

2. Green gas tariff3. Use non-fossil heating sources, e.g. ground-

source or air source heat pumps4. Improve the building fabric, e.g. roof and cavity

wall insulation

1. Adopt good energy management operational practices, e.g. monitoring, control and programming (i.e. BMS) and maintenance schedules, etc.

2. Install energy efficient systems, e.g. heating and cooling plants

3. Improve the building fabric, e.g. roof and cavity wall insulation

4. Use natural ventilation to cool spaces

Electricity (Scope 2) 1. Adopt good energy management operational practices, e.g. monitoring, switch-off strategies and maintenance schedules, etc.

2. Green electricity tariff, on-site and community renewable energy generation

3. Install energy efficient technologies, e.g. LED lighting, A-rated appliances and equipment

1. Adopt good energy management operational practices, e.g. monitoring, switch-off strategies and maintenance schedules, etc.

2. Install energy efficient technologies, e.g. LED lighting, A-rated appliances and equipment

Goods & services (Scope 3) No specific targets are required. Organisations are encouraged to inventory these areas and identify actions that could be taken to reduce these impacts.

A D D I T I O N A L O P T I O N S

Secondary targets Organisations can set secondary targets to assist with communication,e.g. g CO2 / visitor / year

Other environmental impacts Organisations are welcome to set additional environmental targets, e.g. waste / visitor / year or water / visitor / year

T A B L E 1 : A P P R O A C H T O S E T T I N G E I R O s

C O N C L U S I O N / /

• Spotlight will enable arts and cultural to contribute to decarbonising the UK energy system in the context of the UK meeting its commitment to limit global warming to within 2 °C

• Spotlight will be supporting thirty Band 3 arts and cultural organisations to set EIROs

• The programme will use the Science-Based Target initiative (SBTi)

• Spotlight organisations can expect: carbon and energy intelligence, building energy measurement tools, peer sharing knowledge, capacity-building training and environmental expertise

• The goal of Spotlight is to support good building energy management practices so organisations are resilient and prepared for necessary changes in the energy system

• Spotlight organisations will demonstrate energy management and carbon reduction strategies for the benefit of arts and culture more broadly.

This document is to orient Spotlight organisations to the context and methodology of the science-based target initiative. A detailed paper is available setting out the full context and methodology which underlies the setting of EIROs.

For any questions about Spotlight, please contact support@juliesbicycle.com.

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S P O T L I G H T C O N T A C T

info@juliesbicycle.com

J U L I E S B I C Y C L E . C O M