which processes shape grapevine moth immune response against parasitism? plastic or selective...
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![Page 1: Which processes shape grapevine moth immune response against parasitism? Plastic or selective response Fanny Vogelweith, Denis Thiéry, Yannick Moret &](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649edd5503460f94bee183/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Which processes shape grapevine moth immune response against parasitism?
Plastic or selective response
Fanny Vogelweith, Denis Thiéry, Yannick Moret & Jérôme Moreau
15th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships
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Tritrophic interactions
Trophic levels
Secondary consummers
Natural ennemies
Primary produceurs
Plants
Primary consummers
Phytophagous
Interdependences
Community regulation
≠ rate of parasitismMoreau et al. 2010 – Biological control
Hypotheses?
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Intimacy of the relationships between pests and natural enemies
Plant composition
Immune system
Natural ennemiesPhytophagous insectHost plant
Bukovinsky et al. 2009
Resistance
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Haemocyte
Insect larval
Haemolymph
Quinones+
Cytotoxic compounds
Melanin
Egg of parasitoid
PAMP
PRP
P PO
PO
Antimicrobial peptides
Constitutive and induced defenses
Insect immune system
Tyrosine
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Genetic
Variation of insect immune system
Environment
Cotter et al. 2004
Nutrition(Siva-Jothy & Thompson
2002Schmid-Hempel 2003)
Density(Barnes & Siva-
Jothy 2000)
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What we already know…Grape variety effect on :
Vogelweith et al. 2011. Functional Ecology Moreau et al. 2010. Biological Control
Relationship between immunity and parasitism
Immune parameters Parasitism
Vogelweith et al. 2013. Naturwissenschaften
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ρ = 0.71 p < 0.0001
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CBTKCCDGFVIOEMERDBPRCBSCBG
Para
sitis
m
Larval immune system
Naïves larvae
Relationship between parasitism and immunity
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Plastic response
Larval immune system
Para
sitis
m
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
How to explain this relationship
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Plastic response
Rearing larvae at L4
Immune measures
P POPO
6 days
Presence or AbsenceParasitoïd
2 parasitoïd species tested
C. capitator & P. nigrina
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Absence of parasitoïd
Plastic response
Abs. C.c. P.n.
05
10152025303540
Mea
sure
uni
t (x1
03 ) ±
C.I.
95 %
Haemocyte concentration
Abs. C.c. P.n.
PO Activity
Abs. C.c. P.n.
Total-PO activity
Campoplex capitator
Phytomyptera nigrina
P POPO
a aa
aa
a
aa a
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Plastic response
Are the larvae able to detect parasitoids?
aa aa
aa
b b
a
a
b b
Dead larvae Alive larvae Chrysalis
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Indi
vidu
al p
ropo
rtion
+/-
C. I
. 95%
Abs C.c. P.n.L.c. Abs C.c. P.n.L.c. Abs C.c. P.n.L.c.Vogelweith et al. 2013. Plos One
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Synthetic value of immune system
Para
sitis
m
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Conclusion
Larvae detect parasitoïds
But no effect on immune parameters
Plastic response
Selective responsePlastic response
Vogelweith et al. 2013 – Plos One
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Selective response
Average parasitism : recording of 9
populations between 2008 and 2012
Immune parameters measures on naïve
larvae in 2012
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Hae
moc
yte
conc
entr
ation
(x10
3 ha
emoc
ytes
/µl)
10
13
16
19
22
25
28
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Mean rate of parasitism
20
30
40
50
60
70
PO (x
103 m
iliun
ité/m
in)
6
8
10
12
14
16
Tota
l-PO
(x10
3 m
iliun
ité/m
in)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Mean rate of parasitism
ρ = 0.62 ; p = 0.07; I.C. 95% = [-0.10; 0.90]
ρ = 0.65; p = 0.05 ; I.C. 95% = [-0.03; 0.98]
Selective response
ρ = 0.72; P = 0.03; I.C. 95% = [0.03; 0.94]
PO
PO
P
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Conclusion
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
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Synthetic value of immune system
Para
sitis
m
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Conclusion
Positive relationship between
parasitism&
larval immunityPlastic response
Selective response
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Acknowledgments
A. BalourdetIngenieer
D. ThiéryResearcher
Y. MoretResearcher
J.P. TroussardIngenieer
M.-L. FelixTrainee
J. MoreauLecturer
E. DesvignesTrainee
S. MotreuilIngenieer
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Thank you for your attention
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Conclusion
Parasitoïds
Grape varieties
Larvae- Immunity -
In lab and in vineyards
Immunity modulation by ≠ selective pressure
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PO-PPO activities
Haemocyte concentration
Immune measures
Induced defense
Antimicrobial activiy
Constitutive defenses
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Haemocyte concentration
Grape varieties
Haemocyte concentration (x103 haemocytes/µL)
gw pg pn
ALSACE
CB
pg pn rg
TK
a
ab b
se
CC
AQUITAINE
cf cs m pg y
DGF
y
VI
BO
mr pn y
CHAMPAGNE
MER
mr pn
OE
ar m y
DB
PACA
ci gr
PR
a
b
gy
CBG
RHONEALPES
gy
CBS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
23 26 5 32 28 27 18 5 7 6 9 16 12 23 31 25 10 8 27 13 30 26 28 22 15
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Antimicrobial activity
gw pg pn pg pn rg se cf cs m pg y y mr pn y mr pn ar m y ci gr gy gy
Grape varieties
0
20
40
60
80
100
Percentage of individual with an antimicrobial activity
CB TK CC DGF VI MER OE DB PR CBG CBS
a
ab
ba
b
ac
b
abc
ALSACE AQUITAINE BO CHAMPAGNE PACARHONEALPES
23 26 5 32 28 27 18 5 7 6 9 16 12 23 31 25 10 8 27 13 30 26 28 22 15
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Parasitism
Grape varieties
Para
sitis
m
RHONEALPES
gw pg pn pg pn rg se cf cs m pg y y mr pn y mr pn ar m y ci gr gy gy
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
ALSACE AQUITAINE BO CHAMPAGNE PACA
CB TK CC DGF VI MER OE DB PR CBG CBS
ab
b
a
ab
b
aa
b
38 23 20 81 30 14 193 8 8 18 10 6 17 123 94 83 13 10 112 33 333 36 166 84 18
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Relationship between parasitism and immunity
Haemocytes
PO-PPO activities
Antimicrobial activity
P PO P PO
P PO
P PO
P PO
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Synthetic value of immune system
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Para
sitis
m
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Synthetic value of immune system
Relationship between parasitism and immunity
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Involvement of immune system in tritrophic interactions
1st year 2nd year
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Sampling in natural populations
May 2011
Vogelweith et al. 2013. Naturwissenschaften