where to publish & poster presentation of research

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Where to Publish & Poster presentation of

research paper« Relevant Clinical

Questions

Lt Col S Das Sarma



Important points

� How to write a paper so that it will be

selected.

� How to find my target audience.

� Steps of publication.� Ethical issue.



Choose a proper topic

� Pick a Good Research Problem

1. � Why is the problem important?

2. � What are the benefits of solving this problem?

3. � Why should anyone care?

4. � Are there new fundamentals/principles/insights involved?

5. � Once you are done, is the story over, or is this fundamentalwork leading to lots of other future work?

6. � Are you setting a foundation?

7. � Making a significant step forward on a known problem?



Where you can publish

� Journals - top international journal,

national journals, journals published for

conference, work shops

� E journals� Periodicals, magazines

� Article in news paper

� Self publication as text book



AuthorAid



How to find journals

� Ulrich's International Periodical Directory

� Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

� Journal Citation Reports

� Scopus Journal Analyzer

� Ingenta Connect



Ulrich's International Periodical Directory



Scopus Journal Analyzer



Directory of Open Access

Journals



Ingenta Connect



How to select right journal

� Look at your reference list

� Ask your colleagues for advice

� Think about who will want to read your

paper � Read papers from short-listed journals

� Put your shortlist of journals in rank order,

from first choice to last choice

� Discuss your choice with your co-authors



Criteria for journal selection

� Referring system

� Citation scores

� Circulation

� Journal type

� Time lag

� Reputation of editors

� Professional vs. commercial ownership

� Quality of production



Format of paper

� Format of the paper is determined by the

journal

� Check their web site for information

� Differences from one journal to another:� Style of references

� Tables and figures

� Line spacing

� Font� Word limit

� Writing style

� File type



Criteria for judging a paper

� Does the article add to what is already

known?

� Is the article demonstrably related to what

has been previously written?� Are the arguments employed valid in terms

of the body of knowledge?

� Is the article easy to read?

� Do the arguments flow logically?� Are the conclusions strong?



Review

pro forma



Advantages of online publishing

� Better chances of acceptance

� More control over the process

� Higher royalties

� Author-friendly contracts� Shorter response times

� Faster publication

� Multimedia and format options

� Mass market place



Where to publish online

� E-publishing company

� Lulu.com

� Institutional website

� Personal website

� Blog



� The JOURNAL Peer Review Process

� Paper submission

� paper to reviewers

� reviews collected

� decision made

� accept reject

� Revised paper submitted

� 3-4 reviewers



� What to do after a !REJECTION!

1. Stay calm2. Ignore the tone

3. Concentrate on substance

4. If reviewer did not get it, it is your fault (mostly!)

5. Resist temptation to play roulette with PCs6. Don¶t give up

7. Improve the paper and resubmit

8. Perhaps reconsider the venue

9. Decide that the faults are too significant and10.move on

11.� Learn from your mistakes



� Building Your Publication Portfolio

1. Top Journals2. Other Journals

3. Conference or work shop publication

4. Magazines

5. Article in news papers

6. E journals

� Personal publication as book



� Why Choose One Venue Over Another

1. Journals reflect more mature work .More evaluation expected

2. Usually a year or two publication cycle

� Jan. 10 submit

� June 10 receive reviews, minor/major revisions

� Jan. 11 resubmit (under your control)

� June 11 receive second round reviews

� Jan. 12 paper appears

1. � Conferences provide an immediate audience .Usually a 6-8

month cycle. Submit in January, Hear results in April,Conference in August

2. � Workshops provide an immediate and intimate audience.Usually a 2-6 month cycle. Small, focused audience



Introduction: crucial,

If reviewer/reader not excited or intrigued by introduction paper is

lost

� Recipe:

� par 1: motivation: broadly, what is problem area, why

important?

� par 2: narrow down: what is the problem you specificallyconsider

� par 3: ³In this paper, we «.´

� most crucial paragraph, tell your elevator pitch

� par 4: how different/better/relates to other work, at highlevel

� par 5: summarize contributions at high level, long-term Perhaps, bulleted list

of major contributions.

� par 6: roadmap: ³The remainder of this paper is structured as follows



� Related Work Section

1. Be specific about past related work, how proposed

research differs2. What is the value added of proposed work (not just

difference)

3. Be honest, everything you did does not have to be

better than prior work

4. Depending on target venue, can sometimes assume

reviewers are knowledgeable and describe relate

dwork accordingly



� Conclusion Section

1. Summarize approach.

2. Summarize benefits and limitations.

3. Interesting ways to build on this work and addressthe limitations.

4. Thrice told

� Intro describes what is going to be presented

� Approach provides the details

� Conclusion describes what was presented



� Personal Recommendations

� Find your way through the publication jungle

� favour established venues with good reputationsover "easier" targets

� � Choose quality over quantity

� � Aim at top journals but get there in a stepwise

manner via conferences and workshops



Poster presentationIntroduction

Gait initiation is a temporary movement between upright posture and

steady-state gait. The activation of several postural muscles has beenidentified to precede changes observed in vertical reaction force (Winter,

1995). Although previous research has focused on the lower limb, few

studies have examined recruitment patterns of the thigh and trunk

musculature. This study was conducted to determine the phasic patterns of

muscles of the lower limbs and trunk for the duration from quiet stance to

trail-limb toe-off.

Introduction

Gait initiation is a temporary movement between upright posture and

steady-state gait. The activation of several postural muscles has beenidentified to precede changes observed in vertical reaction force (Winter,

1995). Although previous research has focused on the lower limb, few

studies have examined recruitment patterns of the thigh and trunk

musculature. This study was conducted to determine the phasic patterns of

muscles of the lower limbs and trunk for the duration from quiet stance to

trail-limb toe-off.

Methods

Eleven healthy participants initiated gait with their right legs. Two force

platforms (Kistler) were used to measure vertical ground reaction forces

(GRF), at 1040 Hz, from quiet stance to toe-off of the trail limb. In addition,

electromyographic data (Octopus, Bortec) were collected at 1040 Hz

beginning at quiet stance to the end of the third step. EMG electrodes were

placed bilaterally over the erector spinae (ES), the tensor fasciae latae

(TFL), the adductor magnus (ADD) and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.

Participants stood with one foot on each plate, distributing their weight

equally. Each participant walked briskly, after the researcher gave a ³go ́

command. Ten trials were collected for each subject. Force platform data

were filtered with a zero-lag, second-order, critically damped, low-pass filter

with a cut-off frequency of 20 Hz. To remove low frequency motion

artefacts, the raw electromyographic data were high-pass filtered with a

cut-off frequency of 8 Hz (Robertson & Dowling, 2003). Electromyographic

data were full-wave rectified and filtered by a second-order, critically

damped, low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 5 Hz, producing a linear envelope (Robertson & Dowling, 2003).

An amplitude threshold criterion determined the start and end of

muscle activity. The threshold was based on three times the standard

deviation of the EMG during quiet stance for each muscle, estimated from

the least variable 100 ms period of each EMG. Timings of all eight muscle

onsets and offsets were recorded from time-normalized, ensemble-

averaged data for each subject for the period beginning 1.5 s be fore trail-

limb toe- off.

Methods

Eleven healthy participants initiated gait with their right legs. Two force

platforms (Kistler) were used to measure vertical ground reaction forces

(GRF), at 1040 Hz, from quiet stance to toe-off of the trail limb. In addition,

electromyographic data (Octopus, Bortec) were collected at 1040 Hz

beginning at quiet stance to the end of the third step. EMG electrodes were

placed bilaterally over the erector spinae (ES), the tensor fasciae latae

(TFL), the adductor magnus (ADD) and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.

Participants stood with one foot on each plate, distributing their weight

equally. Each participant walked briskly, after the researcher gave a ³go ́

command. Ten trials were collected for each subject. Force platform data

were filtered with a zero-lag, second-order, critically damped, low-pass filter

with a cut-off frequency of 20 Hz. To remove low frequency motion

artefacts, the raw electromyographic data were high-pass filtered with a

cut-off frequency of 8 Hz (Robertson & Dowling, 2003). Electromyographic

data were full-wave rectified and filtered by a second-order, critically

damped, low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 5 Hz, producing a linear envelope (Robertson & Dowling, 2003).

An amplitude threshold criterion determined the start and end of

muscle activity. The threshold was based on three times the standard

deviation of the EMG during quiet stance for each muscle, estimated from

the least variable 100 ms period of each EMG. Timings of all eight muscle

onsets and offsets were recorded from time-normalized, ensemble-

averaged data for each subject for the period beginning 1.5 s before trail-

limb toe- off.

Muscle Activation Patterns During Gait InitiationNatasha Kyle, MSc and D. Gordon E. Robertson, PhD, FCSB

School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Muscle Activation Patterns During Gait InitiationMuscle Activation Patterns During Gait InitiationNatasha Kyle,Natasha Kyle, MSc MSc and D. Gordon E. Robertson, PhD, FCSBand D. Gordon E. Robertson, PhD, FCSB

School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaSchool of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Results

Table 1 holds the muscle onset times for the nine subjects. The earliest muscle

activated was consistently the lead-limb tibialis anterior, followed by the lead-limbtensor fasciae latae (figure 1). The trail-limb tibialis anterior, trail-limb tensor

fasciae latae and the trail-limb adductor magnus were next to become active,

respectively. The order of muscle activity during the middle of the gait initiation

process varied. Specifically, there were notable inconsistenciesbe tween subjects

for the order of the fifth and sixth muscle activations. The last two muscles to

activate were consistently the erector spinae of the trail-limb side followed by the

erector spinae of the lead-limb.

Results

Table 1 holds the muscle onset times for the nine subjects. The earliest muscle

activated was consistently the lead-limb tibialis anterior, followed by the lead-limbtensor fasciae latae (figure 1). The trail-limb tibialis anterior, trail-limb tensor

fasciae latae and the trail-limb adductor magnus were next to become active,

respectively. The order of muscle activity during the middle of the gait initiation

process varied. Specifically, there were notable inconsistenciesbetween subjects

for the order of the fifth and sixth muscle activations. The las t two muscles to

activate were consistently the erector spinae of the trail-limb side followed by the

erector spinae of the lead-limb.

Biomechanics Laboratory

References

Robertson DGE & Dowling JJ (2003) J Electromyo Kines, 13: 569-573.

Robertson DGE, Smith, O¶Dwyer(2005) Proceed ISB XX, p.102.

Winter DA (1995) A.B.C. of Balance during Standing and

Walking. Waterloo: Waterloo Biomechanics.

References

Robertson DGE & Dowling JJ (2003) J Electromyo Kines, 13: 569-573.

Robertson DGE, Smith, O¶Dwyer (2005) Proceed ISB XX, p.102.

Winter DA (1995) A.B.C. of Balance during Standing and

Walking. Waterloo: Waterloo Biomechanics.

Figure 2: Ensemble averages (±1 SD) of the eight muscles for one subject.

Time normalized linear envelope EMG throughout gait initiation. EMGs order

from top is lead-limb then trail-limb TA, ADD, TFL and ES.

Table 1: Muscle onset times during gait initiation

L-ES T-ES L-T

L T-T

L L-ADD T-ADD L-TA T-TASubject1 51 84 18 22 49 35 16 19

Subject2 43 25 20 35 79 24 13 15

Subject3 51 75 21 36 50 39 17 30

Subject4 45 36 12 18 17 30 11 20

Subject5 41 35 20 28 24 34 19 23

Subject6 63 40 16 12 18 19 32 28

Subject7 46 35 11 16 33 18 10 15

Subject8 41 39 15 34 26 28 12 17

Subject9 48 32 14 39 21 18 17 13

Mean 47.7 44.6 16.3 26.7 35.2 27.2 16.3 20.0

St Dev 7.35 20.4 3.64 9.94 20.5 7.92 6.63 5.94

Table 1: Muscle onset times during gait initiation

L-ES T-ES L-TFL T-TFL L-ADD T-ADD L-TA T-TA

Subject1 51 84 18 22 49 35 16 19

Subject2 43 25 20 35 79 24 13 15

Subject3 51 75 21 36 50 39 17 30

Subject4 45 36 12 18 17 30 11 20

Subject5 41 35 20 28 24 34 19 23

Subject6 63 40 16 12 18 19 32 28

Subject7 46 35 11 16 33 18 10 15

Subject8 41 39 15 34 26 28 12 17

Subject9 48 32 14 39 21 18 17 13

Mean 47.7 44.6 16.3 26.7 35.2 27.2 16.3 20.0

St Dev 7.35 20.4 3.64 9.94 20.5 7.92 6.63 5.94

Note: Muscle onset timings are all expressed as a percentage of total gait

initiation (0-100%). L-ES & T-ES are the lead-limb and trail-limb erector

spinae; L-TFL & T-TFL are the lead-limb and trail-limb tensor fasciae latae;

L-ADD & T-ADD are the lead-limb and trail-limb adductor magnus; L-TA & T-

TA are the lead-limb and trail-limb tibialis anterior.

Discussion

Presumably the two tibialis anterior muscles with the simultaneous release

of the gastrocnemius/soleus muscles caused the posterior movement of the centre of pressure, whereas the lea d-limb tensor fasciae latae (figure 2)

contributed to the initial lateral shift toward the lead limb reported by Winter

(1995). The delayed reaction of the erector spinae muscles confirm the

kinetic analysis of gait initiation conducted by Robertson et al. (2005) that

showed a brief period of falling prior to lead-limb heel-contact.

Discussion

Presumably the two tibialis anterior muscles with the simultaneous release

of the gastrocnemius/soleus muscles caused the posterior movement of

the centre of pressure, whereas the lead-limb tensor fasciae latae (figure 2)

contributed to the initial latera l shift toward the lead limb reported by Winter

(1995). The delayed reaction of the erector spinae muscles confirm the

kinetic analysis of gait initiation conducted by Robertson et al. (2005) that

showed a brief period of falling prior to lead-limb heel-contact.

Figure 1: From top to bottom: bilateral raw EM G of lea d-limb then trail-limb TA,

ADD, TFL, ES (blue) and vertical GRF data (black) for a single trial.

where to publish & poster presentation of research

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