where nasa is going…

Aeronautics Technology

e n t e r p r i s er e s e a r c h

Where NASA is going….



Environmentally Friendly Aircraft

Smog-free

No impact on global climate

Noise within airport boundariesConstrain objectionable noise to within airport boundaries

Minimize the contribution of air vehicles to the production of smog

Minimize the impact of air vehicles on global climate



Air Vehicles for New Missions

Space exploration Earth scienceDevelop innovative air vehicles for science missions in the atmosphere of other planets

Use innovative air vehicles to conduct autonomous earth science missions



Transformation of NASA

Aeronautics….



• Goal:– Demonstrate barrier-breaking vehicle concepts,

beyond the scope of conventional air vehicles, that protect the Earth’s environment and enable science missions.

• Approach:– Develop technologies and demonstrate them in flight

to provide evidence of barrier breakthroughs.

• Benefits:– Opens more communities to air transportation– Enables new air transportation models by doubling

vehicle speed capability– Eliminates aviation pollution– Enables new science platforms



Demonstration Projects

ZERO EMISSIONS AIRCRAFT — Demonstrate technology to enable alternative power aircraft.

SUBSONIC NOISE REDUCTION — Demonstrate a 50% noise reduction compared to 1997 state of the art.

SONIC BOOM MITIGATION — Demonstrate technology to enable overland supersonic flight.

HIGH ALTITUDE LONG ENDURANCE (HALE) AIRCRAFT — Demonstrate a 100-day duration high-altitude, fixed wing, unmanned aircraft.



Environment



Subsonic Noise Reduction Demonstration

Keep noise within airport boundaries



Fan Noise Reduction(Forward swept fan, porous

stators, variable area fan nozzle)

Jet Noise Reduction(Advanced chevrons,

vortex breakdown control, offset fan flow)

BaselineContinuous mold line flap

and slat cove filler

High Noise

Regions

Airframe Noise Reduction(Slats, flaps, gears)

Low Noise Flight Procedures(Continuous descent approach, low

noise guidance)

Noise Reduction Approaches



Sonic Boom Reduction Demonstration



Sonic Boom Reduction Demonstration

Defining an acceptable sonic boom level

Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration

Modified F-5

Bottom View

Profile View

Predictions

Demonstrate a shaped sonic boom that persists to the ground

Demonstrate a shaped sonic boom that persists to the ground

FuselageCross-Sections

Modified F-5F-5E

Mach 1.432,000 feet

Time

Ove

rpre

ssur

e



First Ever Shaped Sonic Boom Recorded August 27, 2002

Signatures recorded during SSBD back-to-back data flights in the Edwards AFB

supersonic flight corridor early

morning

Flight conditions: Mach 1.36+,

Altitude 32,000 ft

Shock Thickening AdjustedGround Boom Signature Comparisons

-1.4

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time - msec

Δ - P psf

-24 12,700 .SBD b @ lbs

-5 11,200 .F E @ lbs

1/ Tanh P Modification = 1.40M = 32 .h kft

Shock Thickening AdjustedGround Boom Signature Comparisons

-1.4

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time - msec

Δ - P psf

-24 12,700 .SBD b @ lbs

-5 11,200 .F E @ lbs

1/ Tanh P Modification = 1.40M = 32 .h kft

F-5SSBDF-5E

Design Mach 1.4



KeyTech Ground

Demos

Integrated Tech

X-Plane

PrecursorTech

Demos

EPA, ATM, Public

Acceptance Testing

FAA & ICAO Coordination

RemoveProhibition

Safe, Efficient,

Quiet, Supersonic

FlightDefining Demo Requirements & Approaches

Identifying Techs To Overcome Barriers

Technical RegulatoryPlanningDemonstrator

Goal National Goal

Data Generation

OperationalExperience

Elements of Demonstration Plan



Zero Emissions Demonstration

A Leap Forward in Emissions Reduction



Hydrogen fueled Zero CO2

Fuel Cell Energy Conversion Zero NOx

Lowest noise Electric drive

High energy efficiency

Maximum payoff to Goals

Other technologies might achieve a 10-20% reduction

in pollutants –

this approach gets a 100% reduction.

The zero emissions system delivers maximum benefit towards public good

goals; nothing else comes close

Zero Emissions Attributes



Science and Exploration



HALE ROA Demonstrations

High Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft

Helios on Take-Off

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.



• Sub-Orbital Long Endurance Observer- SOA: Stratospheric flight demonstrated by the Helios (ERAST) flight research

program capable of up to 1 day endurance.- Goal: Flexible, light weight hydrogen powered aircraft to demonstrate multi-day

endurance of 14 days with 200kg payload.

• Global Observer- SOA: Same as above. - Goal: Flexible, light weight airframe with a regenerative fuel cell power system

and light weight high efficiency solar array capable of multi-week to multi-month endurance with a 150kg payload.

• Global Ranger- SOA: 50 to 60K ft (Global Hawk & Predator B)- Goal: Global reach with a 48 hour endurance at 75K ft with a 1000kg payload

• Heavy Lifter- SOA: NASA DC-8 Airborne Science platform approximately 35k ft.- Goal: 60k+ ft carrying a 10,000kg payload with multi-week to multi-month

endurance capability using advanced regenerative fuel cell power system and a solar array.

High Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft (HALE ROA)

ARES

Planetary Flyers

ARES Balloon Drop Test

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

where nasa is going…

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