where is industry located? europe western europe united kingdom industrial revolution what did the...
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Where is Industry Located?
• Europe
• Western Europe
• United Kingdom
• Industrial Revolution
• What did the I.R. create?
• Rhine-Ruhr Valley
• Important industrial area
• Three Countries
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Where is Industry Located?
• Mid-Rhine
• Central Industrial area in Europe
• Close to Iron Fields in France
• Northern Italy
• Po River Basin
• Textiles
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Where is Industry Located?
• Eastern Europe
• Russia
• 19th Century – Central and St. Petersburg Industrial Districts
• 20th Century – Volga and Ural Industrial Districts
• Eastern Russia – Kuznetsk, Eastern Ukraine, and Silesia
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Where is Industry Located?
• North America• Industrial Revolution came after England
• U.S. Industrial Areas
• The Northeast
• New England, Mid-Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh – Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes
• Canada’s industrial areas
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Where is Industry Located?
• East Asia
• Industrial power After WWII
• South Korea
• Taiwan
• Japan
• Tokyo-Yokohama
• Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto
• China
• World’s second largest Manufacturer
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Situation Factors – Transporting materials to and from a factory
• Site Factors – The unique characteristics of a location
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Situation Factors
• Proximity of Inputs
• Transportation increases costs. Put your plant close to your resources and the market.
• Copper Industry
• Bulk-reducing Industry
• Most copper is in Arizona, so the manufacturers are in Arizona.
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Situation Factors
• Proximity of Inputs
• Origin of Steel Industry
• A Bulk-reducing industry
• James Watt
• Henry Cort
• Abraham Darby
• Henry Bessemer
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• U.S. Steel Industry
• Iron Ore in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota
• Steel mills in Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit
• Later, more mills in the Mid-west
• Recently more have been built in Los Angeles, Baltimore, and Trenton, New Jersey
• Steel industry is changing in the U.S.
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Proximity to Markets
• Bulk-Gaining Industries
• Soft Drink Bottling
• Fabricated metals and machinery
• Televisions, Refrigerators, Air conditioners, Cars, Motorcycles
• Single-market manufacturers
• Perishable Products
• Food, newspapers, etc.
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Ship, Rail, Truck, or Air
• Ship – Slow but Cheap
• Rail – Longer distances
• Truck – short distances
• Air – Quick but Expensive
• Break-of-Bulk points
• Transferring goods from one mode of transportation to another costs money
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Situation Factors Activity.Answer the following on the back of the map.
1)What raw materials do you need to make your product?2)Where are you going to get your raw materials?3)Is yours a bulk-reducing or a bulk gaining industry? Explain.4)Where are the markets you are going to sell to?5)How are you going to get your product to the markets are cheaply as possible?
Boat costs 20$, Train costs 40$, Truck costs 50$ per load.6)Draw a picture of a factory where you want your factory.7)Explain how come you put the factory in that location.
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Site Factors
• Labor
• Labor-intensive industry
• Not the same as a “High-Wage Industry”
• The textile industry is labor intensive, requires less skilled, low-cost workers
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Labor Intensive Example: Textile production
• Textile and Apparel Spinning
• Making thread was done by women
• A “Cottage Industry”
• Making Thread has changed since 1768
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Labor Intensive Example: Textile production
• Textile and Apparel Weaving
• Weaving requires more labor than Spinning
• LDCs produce much of the world’s fabric
• China and India dominate fabric production
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Labor Intensive Example: Textile production
• Textile and Apparel Assembly
• Four products: Garments, carpets, home products, and industrial uses
• The sewing machine made clothes easier to put together
• Different locations produce different types of clothing.
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Why do Industries have Different Distributions?
• Land• Land is critical for production• Not all land is good• Land near water is/was considered the
best• Capital
• Finances help create the business• Often businesses pop up close to
financial institutions• Loans can help LDCs manufacturers
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Where is Industry Expanding?
• Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing
• United States
• Before 1970, manufacturing was predominantly in the Northeast
• After 1970 the shift has been to the West and South.
• Right to Work laws
• What do the West and South provide?
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Where is Industry Expanding?
• Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing
• Western Europe
• Shift from the northwest to the east and south
• European Union assists regions with lagging industrial development
• Spain
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Where is Industry Expanding?
• New Industrial Regions• Asia
• China• Thailand• India
• Latin America and South America• Mexico• Brazil
• Central Europe• Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary
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Why are location Factors Changing?
• ATTRACTION OF NEW INDUSTRIAL REGIONS
• Proximity to low-cost labor
• US, located near immigrant centers
• Location to interstate highway system
• Cost in wages
• Outsourcing
• Transfers jobs to LDCs
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Why are location Factors Changing?
• RENEWED ATTRACTION OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL REGIONS
• Proximity to skilled Labor
• “Fordist” workers – No education necessary
• “Post-Fordist” workers – Need skills
• Teamwork
• Problem Solving
• Leveling
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Why are location Factors Changing?
• Just-in-Time Delivery
• Reduces the amount of money tied up in wasteful inventory
• Must locate factories near suppliers
• Disruptions can be a problem
• Labor unrest
• Acts of god
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