where is cultural heritage in inspire?
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http://eaaglasgow2015.com/21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Peter McKeague (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland)[email protected]
Stefano Campana(McDonald Research Institute, University of Cambridge and the University of Siena)[email protected]
Roundtable: Where is the cultural heritage in INSPIRE?
#heritage_sdi
I wouldn’t start from here
Purpose of the Roundtable
The INSPIRE DirectiveWhat is a Spatial Data Infrastructure What INSPIRE requiresWhat is in scopeOther datasets Data StandardsAcessibility and re-use
Why we as a community need a thematic SDIEfficiency savings Build not reinvent What we value How others view usOpen data
Existing trans-national initiatives?
http://blueeyedennis-siempre.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/i-wouldnt-start-from-here.htmlReused under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
2Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Delivers efficiency
INSPIRE sets down the general rules for establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment
• Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively
• The ability to combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources and share it between many users and applications
• Spatial data should be collected at one level of Government and shared between all levels
• Spatial data needed for good Governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive re-use • It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose, and to know which conditions apply for its use.
Source: David Fry, Inspire Directive: GIS Professional issue 15, April 2007, 18
3Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure?
Coordinating body
Component GI Services
Framework GI / Thematic GI
Interoperability Standards
Resources Research & Development
Polic
ies /
Leg
al F
ram
ewor
k
Acce
ss M
echa
nism
SDI is the technology, policies, standards, human resources and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use,maintain and preserve spatial data
4
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure? … and why it matters
GI Enabled Business Applications and Services
Coordinating body
Component GI Services
Framework GI / Thematic GI
Interoperability Standards
Resources Research & Development
Polic
ies /
Leg
al F
ram
ewor
k
Acce
ss M
echa
nism
Social, Economic and Environmental Benefits
5
The INSPIRE Directive
• Requires that existing data held by member states is compliant with INSPIRE standards
• It does not require the creation of new datasets but it does state that when new datasets are created they must comply with INSPIRE standards
• INSPIRE requires Metadata for the creation and maintenance of searchable catalogues to identify what data is available, who holds it and any access constraints.
• INSPIRE requires data publishers to setup network servicesView Services (WMS) Transformation services (From British National Grid to WGS 84)Data harmonisation – consistent schemaDownload services (WFS and ATOM feed)
• INSPIRE outlines charging for public access to services
• Monitoring and reporting on INSPIRE compliance
• INSPIRE is about Public Sector data – it does not address data created by the private sector
6Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
The INSPIRE Directive
Source: http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reports/ImplementingRules/inspireDataspecD2_3v2.0.pdf
Annex I1. Coordinate reference systems2. Geographical grid systems3. Geographical names4. Administrative units5. Addresses6. Cadastral parcels7. Transport networks8. Hydrography9. Protected sites - *
Annex II1. Elevation2. Land cover3. Ortho-imagery4. Geology
Annex III 1. Statistical units 2. Buildings 3. Soil 4. Land use 5. Human health and safety 6. Utility and governmental services 7. Environmental monitoring facilities - * 8. Production and industrial facilities - * 9. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities - * 10. Population distribution – demography 11. Area management/restriction/regulation zones & reporting units - * 12. Natural risk zones 13. Atmospheric conditions - * 14. Meteorological geographical features - * 15. Oceanographic geographical features 16. Sea regions 17. Bio-geographical regions - * 18. Habitats and biotopes - * 19. Species distribution - * 20. Energy Resources - * 21. Mineral resources - *
-* heavy weighting towards the natural environment
7Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
INSPIREDirective
One Scotland, One Geography
INSPIRE (Scotland) Statutory Instrument
Cookbook 1 How to serve a Scottish SDI and INSPIRE compliant WMS
Annex I & IIMetadata
Annex III Metadata, View & Download
Newly collected Annex I data conforms to IR
Newly collected Annex II & IIIdata conforms to IR
All existing Annex II & III data conforms to IR
All existing Annex I data conforms to IR
INSPIRE: Spatial Data Standards
Operational GuideUK Location Download Service
IR: Implementation regulations
2004
2007
2009 2010 2013
20122010 2011
Annex I & II View
2015 2017 2020
INSPIRE roadmap
Historic Scotland & RCAHMS Metadata and View services
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 8
INSPIRE: Implementation roadmap
The INSPIRE Directive - Protected Sites
Grade A Listed building:Gardner’s warehouse36 Jamaica Street and 10 Midland Street, Glasgow, Scotland
Scheduled monuments Roman fort, fort annexes and temporary campsNewstead, Scottish Borders, Scotland
Copyright and database right 2015. All rights reserved, Ordnance Survey licence number 100020548
9Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Annex I Protected Sites and the wider Historic Environment
A Protected Site is defined as an
“Area designated or managed within a framework ofinternational, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives” [Directive 2007/2/EC].
“..a Protected Site is an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effectivemeans.” [International Union for the Conservation of Nature]
The INSPIRE Directive – Protected Sites
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
The INSPIRE Directive – much richer cultural heritage
Upstanding archaeology
Lost heritage
Landscape and landuse
Built heritage
Real world sites
Maritime heritage
11
Excavation
Laser scanning
12
AnalysisWhere is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?
21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
and the techniques that inform our interpretation and decision making
The I
The INSPIRE Directive and cultural heritage – much more than Sites
Cropmark interpretation Remote sensing
Field survey
Project
Remote Sensing (Magnetometry,
resistivity etc)
Extent
Processed data
Analysis /Interpretation
Field Survey
Extent
Mapping / Interpretation
Excavation
Extent
Trench details (Contexts)
Interpretation
Activity
Levels of information
The whole is other than the sum of its parts: where is the spatial data infrastructure for cultural heritage? Keep the Revolution Going? - Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference, Siena 1st April 2015.
Common terminologies
Brandenburg Tor, Berlin, Germany The East Port, Dundee, Scotland http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/1232014/Attribution: James Denham
Bootham Bar, York, England
14
Data specific metadata
Spatial Discovery metadata: Describes the nature and content of the dataset
Exploration metadata:The information required to ensure the data is appropriate for purpose
Exploitation metadata:The information required to access, transfer and apply the data
Geophysical survey Airborne Laser Scanning Laser scanning
After:Shaw, R., Corns, A. and McAuley J. Archiving Archaeological Spatial Data: Standards and MetadataIn the online proceedings of Making History Interactive, CAA 2009, 22-26 March 2009, Wiliamsburg, Virginia, USA
15Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Balmuildy
Rough Castle
Croy
KinneilHouse
Tollpark
Fieldwork is undertaken for a specific purpose • Contributes to the management and understanding • Documents a site at risk But lack of spatial co-ordination and standards limits Potential interest in the data and value beyond immediate usewhich requires Consistent standards Clear message
Bantaskin
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
Why does a consistent approach matter?
16
Dullatur
Individual excavations and surveys along the Antonine Wall
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
17
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouseData
BantaskinTollpark
Excavations and surveys along the Antonine Wall
Consistent application of standards delivers better value from the data collected
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouse
Gatheringof partsResearch
ing &
Understanding
Data
To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose
DataBantaskinTollpark
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 18
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouse
Gatheringof partsResearch
ing &
Understanding
Connectionof parts Interpretation
InformationProject reports / Site records
Data
To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose
DataBantaskinTollpark
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 19
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouse
Gatheringof partsResearch
ing &
Understanding
Connectionof parts Interpretation
InformationProject reports / Site records
Data
To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose
DataBantaskinTollpark
Formationof a whole Acce
ss &
delivery
KnowledgeThe Evidence Base
INSPIRE MetadataView Download services
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 20
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouse
Gatheringof partsResearch
ing &
Understanding
Connectionof parts Interpretation
InformationProject reports / Site records
Joining of wholes Applica
tion
Wisdom
Data
To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose
DataBantaskinTollpark
Formationof a whole Acce
ss &
delivery
KnowledgeThe Evidence Base
INSPIRE MetadataView Download services
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 21
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle
CroyKinneilHouse
Gatheringof parts
Context
Understanding
Researching &
Understanding
Connectionof parts Interpretation
InformationProject reports / Site records
Joining of wholes Applica
tion
Wisdom
Data
To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose
DataBantaskinTollpark
Formationof a whole Acce
ss &
delivery
KnowledgeThe Evidence Base
INSPIRE MetadataView Download services
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 22
With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
Remote access, visibility and what we value: Eco-system services
http://www.openness-project.eu/
Managing change in landscapes throughdecision support tools (Quickscan)
Data needs to be understood by the non-specialist user
23Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015
G8 Open Data Charter 2013 Scottish Government Open Data Strategy 2015
Open Data and digital rights management
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 24
Opportunities Threats
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/feb/11/police-warning-hadrians-wall-nighthawking
Data should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive re-use
The information flow line or why Heritage needs an SDI
Creating / Gathering
Reporting / Publishing
Deposition/ Archiving Discovery Accessibility Re-use
Monitoring
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 25
Measurable data makes the caseQuantifies the known heritage and proportion protectedNumber of sites considered in planning applicationsQuantifies threat and sites lostNumber of sites excavatedNumber of sites publishedNumber, quantity and location of archived materialNumber of public consultations
Roundtable: Where is the cultural heritage in INSPIRE?
Peter McKeague [email protected] Stefano Campana [email protected]
Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE?21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3 rd September 2015 26
Topics for discussionINSPIRE addresses the publication of statutory datasets • Are we meeting our obligations?• What about the undesignated heritage? • Or the evidence that informs our interpretation?Application of standards Consistent metadata including technical standards Accessing information • Open access and rights management • Risk of open access• User experiences Monitoring – making the case
Possible actionsNeed to address the issue - STRATEGYWhat is already happening - DOCUMENTDeliver - IMPLEMENT
Which way?What unit of measurement?
#heritage_sdi