where is all the world’s water?. atmosphere oceanscontinents global hydrologic stores
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WHERE IS ALL THE WORLD’S WATER?
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
GLOBAL HYDROLOGIC STORES
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
All Blue figuresin thousands ofKm3
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
HOW MUCH WATER MOVES BETWEEN THE
STORES?
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
23%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
77% 23%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
16%
77% 23%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
84% 16%
77% 23%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
84% 16%
77% 23%
-7%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
84% 16%
77% 23%
-7% +7%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ANNUALGLOBAL
FLUX577
Precip.
Evap.
84% 16%
77% 23%
-7% +7%
Global Runoff 7%
All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.
WHAT IS “AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME”?
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$?
Volume of Store = $10 bills
Input = $1 bill per day
Output = $1bill per day
On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$?
Volume of Store = $10 bills
Input = $1 bill per day
Output = $1bill per day
On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
10 days.
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$?
Volume of Store = $20 bills
Input = $1 bill per day
Output = $1bill per day
On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
$
$ $$
$
$ $$
$
$
What happens if I increase the number of bills in the store to 20?
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$?
Volume of Store = $20 bills
Input = $1 bill per day
Output = $1bill per day
On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
20 days!
$
$ $$
$
$ $$
$
$
What happens if I increase the number of bills in the store to 20?
• AS SIZE OF STORE INCREASES
• AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME INCREASES.
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$ $? ?
Volume of Store = $10 bills
Input = 2 dollarbills per day
Output = 2 dollarbills per day
On average, how many days is a “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
What happens if I increase the rate of inputs and outputs of bills in the store to 10?
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$ $? ?
Volume of Store = $10 bills
Input = 2 dollarbills per day
Output = 2 dollarbills per day
On average, how many days is a “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?
5 days!
What happens if I increase the rate of inputs and outputs of bills in the store to 10?
• AS RATES OF INPUTS AND OUTPUTS (AVERAGE FLUX) INCREASE.
• AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME DECREASES.
AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIMES IN GLOBAL HYDROLOGIC STORES
Definition:
STORE
I1
I2
O2
O1
Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]
Average Flux = ({I}+{0})/2 = ({I1 + I2} +{O1 + O2)}/2
Oceans:
STORE
Precipitation
Runoff
Evaporation
Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]
Avg. Residence = 1,338,000,000 / 484,680 = 2760 years
Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]
Avg. Residence = 47,659,600 / 132,710 = 359 years
Continents:
STORE
Precipitation
Runoff
Evaporation
Atmosphere:
STORE
Precipitation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Evaporation
ContinentsOceans
Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]
Avg. Residence = 12,900 / 577,000 = 0.02 yrs (7.3 days)
2-3,000 yrs
0.02 yrs
400 yrs
Kinetic Energy -:By virtue of motion
Potential Energy -:By virtue of position above some datum
Sea –leveldatum
1.2.
3.IncreasingPotentialEnergy
GRAVITY CONVERTS POTENTIAL TO KINETIC
Potential Energy increased byImpounding water behind dam. Raises reservoir level
Converted to Kinetic Energyto drive turbines.
ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS CONTINENTS
1,338,000
12.9
47,660
97% 2.999%
0.001%
ENERGYIN
GLOBAL SYSTEM Precip.
Evap.
Renewal of PotentialEnergy via Sun
Release of Kinetic Energy on the Earth’s surface