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Australian Government

Geoscience Australia

Where interoperability?the n-dimensions

Lesley Wybornpmd*CRC and Geoscience Australia

SEE Grid llCanberra, 15-16 March 2005

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Acknowledgements• Management of the pmd*CRC

– Who had enough faith in ‘us’ to get ‘us’ started

• AUSIndustry and the MCA– External clients who encouraged ‘us’ and funded ‘us’

• CSIRO, GA and all State and Territory Surveys– Who supported ‘us’ and funded ‘us’

• Rob W, Simon, Stuart G, Andy, Tim, Rob A, Joan, Evgeniy, Terry, John, Frank, Paul, Murray, Aaron, Peter, Laigee, Stuart R, Dom, Ian, Jonathon

Who are ‘us’!!!

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Setting the context for this paper

Interoperability represents perhaps the most significant paradigm shift in how data and information are managed and utilised since the emergence of the Internet

Neil WilliamsCEO Geoscience Australia &

Chair Australian Government Spatial Policy ExecutiveInteroperability: responding to national Drivers. OSDM conference on Interoperability October 2005 http://www.osdm.gov.au/osdm/docs/resources/osdm_interoperability_con_03112004/neilwilliams1.pdf

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What is interoperability?"capability to

communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a

manner that requires the user to have little or

no knowledge of the unique characteristics of

those units“Source: OGC Abstract Specification

Topic 12: Services. Derived from ISO 2382-1.

My stuff operates with your stuff and I don’t give a damn where it is, how it works and what the format is

Where stuff =digital computers

programsdata etc

Lesley’s definition

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Interoperablity is about interfacing

Geoparser

ClearinghouseClearinghouseGeoparser

VendorData

Local Government

NationalGovernment

OtherCollections

Clearinghouse

WhovilleCedar Lake

Whoville Cedar Lake

BuildingsRoadsImagesTargetsBoundaries

...

CatalogView

Common interfaces enable interoperability

Queries extract info from diverse sources

Integrated View

Gazetteer CoordinateTransform

Web Mapping Server, Web Feature Server, Web Coverage Server Catalog Services

OtherServices

MetadataData

MetadataData

MetadataData

Metadata

Internet

Geoparser

Geocoder

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External Drivers – the 21st century is

The Dawning of

– The age of Aquarius

– The 3rd age of computing

– The Next Generation Internet

– The Machine Readable Web

– Modelling and simulation of real world scenario’s

– The age of Interoperability

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1. Mainframe

3. Internet

Early 80’s Late 80’s Early 90’s Late 90’s 2000 2010

1. Mainframe

2. PC’s

The dawning of the 3rd age of computing

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0 2 3 4 51Number of Years

Perf

orm

ance

per

Dol

lar S

pent

Doubling Time(months)

Optic Fibre(bits per second)

Silicon Computer Chips (number of transistors)

(ie Moore’s Law)

Data Storage(bits per square inch)

9 12 18

The Dawning of the Next Generation Internet

• Data, applications and grunt power can be globally distributed

• Storage costs no longer limit amount of data and information to be stored

• Computer grunt has dramatically increased and enables more realistic modelling that can be iterative

• Using XML schema to we can move to an interoperable culture where data, programs and computer grunt are ‘operable’ regardless of where they are housed

Moore’s Law vs. storage improvements vs. optical improvements. Graph from Scientific American (Jan-2001) by Cleo Vilett, source Vined Khoslan, Kleiner, Caufield and Perkins.

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The dawning of a Machine readable web

Source: http://www.dstc.edu.au/Tech_Transfer/Events/Canberra/web_services_cnb02.pdf

People

People

People

Information

Machine

Machine

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The dawning of modeling and simulation as a tool to underpin scientific investigations

XML is used as a standard for interoperable data exchange

[Ga*] [GaN*]

60

0

20

+ NH3

- CH4

32

055

15+ NH3- CH4

Close-SpacedRD reactor

Horizontal

Experimental Experimental Data & Quantum Data & Quantum

ChemistryChemistry(Gaussian, DFT)

CFD Model ofCFD Model ofReactor FlowReactor Flow

(STARCD, CFDRC,..)

Design Design OptimizationOptimization

(MINLP, Minos)

Distributed Computing ResourcesSource: Greg McRae, MIT: http://www.mines.edu/research/ccre/Presentations/NSF_PACI_Project_Short.PDF

pmd CRCMathematical ModelMathematical Model Generic Numerical Generic Numerical

AlgorithmsAlgorithmsConceptual Model Conceptual Model of real world dataof real world data

( ) ∑ •=xf

{ }••• ...,,,

( ) 2xxf =

( ) •=′ xf

( ) 3=xf

( ) ( )xxxf sin+=

FaultFault

IntrusiveIntrusive

sandstonesandstone

FEMFEM

RungeRunge--KuttaKutta

Genetic AlgorithmGenetic Algorithm

Fundamentals of Modern Solid Earth & Environmental Science Modelling

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Linked, distributed observational databases

Linked, distributed modelling components

Linked, distributed computation

Modelling environment

Linked, distributedmodel libraries

Programs used to generate

model

Data used to generate

model

Final Model archived with input data & programs

SEE Grid – an interoperable community that links distributed, operable components

CSIROGA

State & Territory Surveys

CSIROACcESS

APAC CSIRO

CSIROACcESSAPAC VPAC

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Another quote

Those who ignore the lessons of history are condemned to repeat them

George Santayana

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Sustaining vs disruptive technologies

• Sustaining technologies rely on incremental improvements to an already established technology

• Disruptive technology is a new technology that unexpectedly disrupts an established technology

• Disruptive technologies – Are simpler and cheaper than sustaining technologies– Less capability– Lack refinements– Often have performance problems because they are new– Appeal to a limited audience– May not have a proven application

Interoperability is a disruptive technology!!!C.M. Christensen, 1997. The Innovator’s Dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business School Press.

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Examples of Disruptive technologies

• The electric light bulb vs the gas lamp

• The electronic speech machine (aka telephone) vs the messengers

• Steam engine

• Steam Ships vs Sailing ships

• Land telephones vs mobile phones

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Steamships disrupting sail– Are simpler and cheaper than

sustaining technologies– Less capability– Lack refinements– Often have performance

problems because they are new– Appeal to a limited audience– May not have a proven

application

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Industrial vs the Information Revolution

1776 - Invention of steam engine

1829 - Invention of railways

1834 - First rail-networks

1880 - First Standards Association for individual components

1890 – Manufacturing age

1940 - Invention of the computer

1989 - First Generation Internet

1996 - First Grid networks

1996 - First Standards for components: XML appears

2005 – Interoperability for Geosciences

Peter Drucker - Beyond the InformationRevolution: http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/99oct/9910drucker.htm

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Mapping Complexity – the critical step in enabling interoperability

?Query

Response

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XMML

specific Measurements, Drillholes, Geology objects, Geophysics

Structure of XMML language

Measurements, Sensors

OWS

re-use components from more general languages

GML basic Features, Geometry

Values, Observations

Imports xlink

(See http://www.ned.dem.csiro.au/research/visualisation/XMML/ )

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Who is the XMML Community?• The XMML community led by CSIRO is one of

the most advanced globally

• It has influenced global standards eg GML

• For exploration geochemistry it is local - ADX

• Other data types have different communities

• This illustrates the complexity of developing community schema

• Managed internationally by IUGS, OGC & W3C

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XMML schemas available

• Borehole

• Observation(SensorWeb)– Gravity measurement

(GA)– Geochemistry/Assay

result (ADX)

• Procedure , Instrument, Project, Station, Specimen, Tenement (GGIPAC, ADX, etc)

• Mineral occurrence (GA)

• Geological timescale (Chronos)

• Geological material (NADM, WMC)

• Tectonic plates (USyd, Caltech)

• Map-features, some structural geology elements (Fractal, pmd*CRC, BGS, NADM)

• Finite element model (FLAC, FastFlo)

• Simulation/model state(pmd*CRC)

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Sustaining vsDisruptive

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Web Services

Dynamic pageson-the-fly from databases

StaticHTMLpages

Increasing complexity of data structures

Increasing level of resources required to maintain

Balancing resources for developing Online access

Increasing level of resources and skillsto create

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Sustaining vsDisruptive

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Interoperability is achieved via Standardised Interfaces

Geoparser

ClearinghouseClearinghouseGeoparser

VendorData

Local Government

NationalGovernment

OtherCollections

Clearinghouse

WhovilleCedar Lake

Whoville Cedar Lake

BuildingsRoadsImagesTargetsBoundaries

...

CatalogView

Common interfaces enable interoperability

Queries extract info from diverse sources

Integrated View

Gazetteer CoordinateTransform

Web Mapping Server, Web Feature Server, Web Coverage Server Catalog Services

OtherServices

MetadataData

MetadataData

MetadataData

Metadata

Internet

Geoparser

Geocoder

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Interoperability facilitating true Emergency Management

Source: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/indo20041226/max_global.pdf

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Key Take Home Messages

• Interoperability represents perhaps the most significant paradigm shift in how data and information are managed and utilised since the emergence of the Internet

• Interoperability is a disruptive technology

• Those who ignore the lessons of history are condemned to repeat them

• If you want to know where interoperability is ask the person in front of you if their digital stuff is interoperable with your stuff and then you will know where interoperability is!!!

• Interoperability is everywhere