When we are in our more “casual” modes, we might use slang or improper language that is acceptable to our friends and family. 1.List examples of when people move from more casual English to a more formal register.2.Describe a time when you switched your “dialect”.

No word work today!!!!

Specific words used by people belonging to the same group:region (urban vs. rural, North vs. South)ethnicityeconomic classcareer fieldknowledge-basetime period, or eraage

Definition: when an author uses specific words to mimic the way a group of people speak (usually based on region, ethnicity, class, age or time period); appears in the text as the speaker would say it aloud

Includes:vocabulary/diction (using slang)grammar (following, or not following, the rules)

Language evolves over time. For example, back in the day (1990’s) when I was in high school:

“Talk to the Hand” = I don’t want to hear what you are saying.

“Deal” = Deal with it

“The Bomb” = That jacket is out of this world

“Peace Out” = Bye

Your Turn:

What is the difference between standard/formal and informal language?

What is the difference between form and informal writing? How has writing evolved? What are some examples of informal and formal writing.

1. You will be divided into groups of 4-5 students.

2. Each group must select a scribe, time keeper, presenter, and manager.

3. Each student will then brainstorm IM lingo or terminology---the scribe will record these.

4. Each student should also list common phrases or word that have a particular meaning for today’s time but if read by someone 100 years from now might be confusing. (For example: “hurt”)

5. Finally, as a group you will present your items discussed to the entire class.

Viewing a clip on dialect regions

Click here

Click on house to

view dialect video

Paul Laurence Dunbar is widely acknowledged as the first important black poet in American literature.

He enjoyed his greatest popularity in the early twentieth century following the publication of dialectic verse in collections such as Majors and Minors and Lyrics of Lowly Life.

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872 - 1906)

Read

“We Wear the Mask”

Read

“When Malindy Sings”

Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the language Dunbar uses in each poem.

Make sure you:

1. Label which poem uses dialect and which uses standard English

2. Find specific words representing either dialect, standard English or both

3. Analyze grammatical usage4. Notice variations in punctuation5. Evaluate spelling – this can signal

whether the author is using dialect or standard English

6. Find overall similarities and differences

The doors of wisdom are never shut.--Benjamin Franklin

=

Specific words used by people belonging to the same group:region (urban vs. rural, North vs. South)ethnicityeconomic classcareer fieldknowledge-basetime period, or eraage

Definition: Dialect is when an author uses specific words to mimic the way a group of people speak (usually based on region, ethnicity, class, age or time period); appears in the text as the speaker would say it aloud

Includes:vocabulary/diction (using slang)grammar (following, or not following, the rules)

 

DOES NOT INCLUDE:pronunciation – this means someone speaks with an accent but not that they use a dialect

 

Historical dialectHow people in the 1930’s spoke

Regional dialectHow people in the South speak

Community dialectsHow poor, uneducated people speak vs.

the educated elite (CLASS)How white versus black people speak

(ETHNICITY)How children speak (AGE)

With your partner, find the following terms in the novel and re-write the expression in Standard English (with no dialect):

Ch. 1 – “Your name’s longer’n you are.” (Jem)Ch. 2 – “I got swapped when I was born.” (Scout)Ch. 3 – “Don’t matter who they are, anybody sets

foot in this house’s yo’ comp’ny . . .” (Calpurnia)Ch. 4 – “Mississippi turns ‘em loose a day later.”

(Jem)Ch. 5 – “It’s like angels’ breath this evening.” (Miss

Maudie)

Definition: Jargon is when an author uses words to reflect a particular group (usually based on career field, knowledge-base, or activity)

Includes:vocabulary, or terminology

The use of jargon may exclude (or leave out) some people from understanding a conversation because they do not have the same knowledge the group does.

 

UK vs. Duke basketball clip

ER clip

List JARGON that you hear during each clip.What differences do you notice in the vocabulary

of the two clips?

Professional jargonHow lawyers and judges speak during Tom’s trialHow farmers speak about their work

Community jargonsHow church members speak at a serviceHow hunters speak about the sport

Definition: Persuasion is the attempt to convince others to do something or to change a belief of their own free will.

Propaganda techniques are designed to convince people to believe something, regardless of its truth and always in a one-sided manner. Propaganda techniques tend to be subjective.

Persuasive techniques are designed to establish the truth of an argument or claim by presenting evidence. Persuasive techniques can be objective or subjective.

EthosEthos (ethics)

appealing to someone’s sense of authority/credibility

Michael Jordan says: “The best energy drink to consume is Gatorade.”

How does this persuade us to buy this drink?

PathosPathos (emotion)

appealing to someone’s sense of emotion

There are literally millions of animals that are abandoned each year, just left to die in the streets. Won’t you help just one of them?

LogosLogos (logic)

appealing to someone’s sense of reason.

You should work hard at school because . . .1.It gives you options (choices!).2.It helps you understand the world around

you.3.It will help you get

a good job.4.Education = $$$5.It gives you power

to live your life the way you want to!

Persuasive Appeals

Logos (Logic)

Ethos (Ethics and Authority)

Pathos (Emotions)

•facts •statistics •reasons•relationships of cause and effect

•right and wrong•trustworthiness•credibility •expert speaker

•fear•pity/sympathy•humor•sadness•happiness

Which type of argument (logos, ethos, or pathos) is the following, and how do you know???

“You shouldn’t smoke because it is bad for your health. Think about all of the little kids who look up to you and admire you, would you really want to let them down?”

The attitude of the AUTHOR of the piece of writing.

Can you think of examples of tones that a specific author might use?

The intended emotion that the readers feel or should feel when reading a piece of writing.

Can you think of an example of a story that we have read that evokes a specific mood?

The central idea of a piece of literature.

Consider what the author intended you to think about or take away from the story. A theme should ALWAYS be stated in a complete sentence.

Definition: Sequencing is when an author organizes their information in order (first to last, step-by-step) or narrates (tells!) a story from beginning to end

Key Question to ask yourself when reading: Does the author describe ideas or events in the order in which they happened or should happen?

 

Afterbeforeduringlaterfirst

secondthentodaywhen

1. The signing of The Declaration of Independence

2. Columbus discovers the New World3. The Civil Rights Movement4. The abolishment of slavery5. America elects the first black President6. Black men receive the right to vote

Definition: when an author organizes their information to show similarities or differences between two or more ideas or things

Key Question to ask yourself when

reading: Does the author organize ideas or events to show what is alike and different?

Comparing Contrast

AlsoAnd as well asSimilarlyLikewiseAlikein additionToo at the same time resemble

Differ howeverwhilebuton the contraryconversely thoughon the other hand

Compare and Contrast Key Words:

My two children are so different that it surprises meevery day. For one thing, my older child is a girl, and myyounger child is a boy. My daughter loves reading, goingto the movies, and writing in her journal. My son, on theother hand, loves running, jumping, and swimming—anything that requires using energy. My daughter loves alldifferent kinds of foods, but my son likes to eat only pizza.And while my son can’t go a day without watching somekind of sporting event on television, my daughter will onlywatch a baseball game if nothing else is on.

Definition: when an author organizes their information by explaining what events or reasons led to (or “caused”) a specific result (or “effect”)

Key Question to ask yourself when

reading: Does the author state WHY something

happened? (CAUSE)Does the author state WHAT happened?

(EFFECT)

Cause and Effect Key Words:In order to when because so that if as a result of that way so

CauseCause - the reason - the reason something happenssomething happens

EEffectffect – what happens – what happens as a result of the causeas a result of the cause

Example

Since I babysat last summer, I was able to buy a new Coach purse.

Cause? Babysitting

Effect? Bought a purse

Cause Effect

p. 291 Atticus wishes Bob Ewell would not chew tobacco

Bob Ewell threatens to “get” Atticus p. 292

p. 293 Tom may lose his life

p. 295 Atticus thinks someone is “trash”

The jury took a long time to reach a verdict

p. 297

p. 298 Jem has new respect for the Cunninghams

The Cunninghams belong to a different “class” then the Finches

p. 299

p. 301 Jem gives Scout a Tootsie Roll

Jem begins to mature p. 302

p. 304 Boo Radley stays inside his house

What skills do you think will be the most difficult to remember and apply on the final exam?

Which skills are the easiest for you?

How can I help you feel better prepared for the final exam?