When People Rebel 1857 and After

Causes of the Revolt

Policies and the People Political Causes

Social Causes

Religious Causes

Economic Causes

Administrative Causes

Military Causes

Political Causes

Policies and the People All were affected by British Policies

Nawabs lost their powers

Diplomatic Policy of Lord Dalhousie

Mr. Ekjyot - Give name of the policy introduced by that gentleman and what was it about???

Rani Laxmibai No male heir for the kingdom - Jhansi

She wanted Company to recognize her adopted son as the heir of the kingdom

Peshawa Bajiao II

Peshwa Bajirao

Peshwa Raghunath Rao

Peshawa Bajirao II

Nana Saheb

Mr. Eshan - What happened with Peshwa Raghunath Rao?

Nana Saheb

He was supposed to get pension of his father after his death

General of Nana Saheb

Awadh was the last territory to be annexed

Begum Hazrat Mahal continued fight with Company

Miss. Keya can you tell under which policy and who was the governor general at that time???

Begam Hazzarat

Mahal

Bahadur Shah Zafar

The name of the Mughal King was removed from the coins in 1849

Dalhousie announced that BS Zafar would be the last Mughal king

The peasants and the Sepoys

High taxes on peasants and Zamindars

Many failed to pay loans and lost their lands

Sepoys were unhappy with their salary

Were forced to go through sea routes to Burma

According to a new agreement in 1856 they have to go overseas

Sepoys

87% of British army consisted of Indian Sepoys

All castes were considered equal

Greased Cartridge of Enfield Rifles

Mungal Pandey

Brahmin, Born in UP in 1827

Joined British army at the age of 18.

He refused to use cartridge and attacked his senior in Barackpore

He attacked over Lieutenant Baugh to kill him.

This news spread to Meerut

Mangal Pandey was hanged on April 8, 1857.

First Martyr of India

Social and Religious Causes

They believed that Indian society had to be reformed

Laws were passed to stop the practice of Sati

English education was promoted

Christian missionaries

Finally they woke up after

100 years

They realized the need of unity among rulers and common people

They organized, communicated, took initiatives to display their confidence

This situation developed in North India

A massive rebellion started in May, 1857.

A large number of people took part from different sections of society

Some regarded it as the biggest armed resistance to colonialism in the 19th century anywhere in the world.

Broke the Jail

85 sepoys in Meerut refused to do the army drill using the new cartridge

They were arrested and dismissed from services

Sentenced just 10 years in jail for disobeying orders

Later they killed company officers and broke jail in May 10. 1857

They captured guns and ammunition and set fire to the buildings and properties of the British

They were determined to end up company rule…

They choose B S Zafar is their leader

Marched towards Delhi Meerut to Delhi

On May 10, they walked straight way to Delhi

They reached there early morning

British army tried to stop them

Sepoys gathered around the wall of the Red Fort

Mr. Samyak can you tell me why sepoys gathered in from of Red

fort?

Bahadur Shah Zafar took the Lead

Though he was not willing to take he had to

He wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of the country to fight the British

Many small rulers loosed their territories due to company rule So Man me Laddu Futa

OMG!!!… We never thought that

We could have solved the problem of Cartridges

Bahadur Shah Zafar’s decision to bless to rebellion changed entire situation

The Rebellion Spreads

After the Delhi incident there was no event for ten days

Then a spurt of mutinies began

Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow were furious

KanpurNana Shaeb with the help of Tatya tope won against the company

Declared himself as Governor General under B S Zafar

Later he helped Rani Laxmi bai

Lucknow

Birdies Qadr - son of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah proclaimed as Nawab under B S Zafar

His mother Begum Hazarat Begam took an active part

Jhansi

Rani Laxmi bai joined the rebel sepoys and fought with Tantia Tope and Nana Saheb

Confidence of company was affecting

Telegram on August 6, 1857

“Our men are cowed by the numbers of opposed them and the endless fighting. Every village is held against us, the zamindars have risen to oppose us.” - Lieutenant Colonel Tytler

New Leaders

Ahmadullah Shah from Faizabad (Maulavi)

He came to Lucknow to fight

In Delhi many Ghazis came

Bakht Khan from Bareilly (soldier)

Kunwar Singh came to Bihar (old zamindar)

The Company Fights BackThe company decided to repress the revolt

Reinforcement from England - passed new laws

Delhi was recaptured in September - 1857

B S Jafar was arrested

He and his wife Zinat Mahal were sent to Rangoon jail in November 1862

Still they were not done…

People continued to resist and battle the British

They had to fight for two years to suppress revolt

Lucknow was taken in March - 1858

Rani Lakshmibai was killed June - 1858

Tantia Tope was escaped to the jungles of central India

killed in April - 1859

British got the Confidence

They tired their best to win back loyalty of the people

They announced rewards for loyal landholders would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands

Those who rebelled and did not kill any white will be safe

Hundreds of sepoys, rebels, nawabs and rajas were tired and hanged

AftermathGot full control on the country by the end of 1859

They had to change their policies

The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858

A number of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India

The Governor-General of India was given a title - Viceroy

All rulling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future

Indian kingdoms became subordinate to the Crown

Proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of european soldiers would be increased

Instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar and Central India and South India, more soldiers would be recruited from among Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.

The land and property of Muslims was confiscated on a large scale and they were treated with suspicious and hostility

The British decided to respect the customs, religions and social practices of the people in India

Polices were made to protect landlords and zamindars