when did europe become interested in africa? the roman empire had controlled europe for centuries....
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When Did Europe Become When Did Europe Become Interested in Africa?Interested in Africa?
The Roman Empire The Roman Empire had controlled Europe for had controlled Europe for centuries.centuries.– Roman political and economic systems fell apartRoman political and economic systems fell apart..
Nobody wanted to trade with Europe b/c of its downfall.Nobody wanted to trade with Europe b/c of its downfall.– Causing much of Europe to become isolated.Causing much of Europe to become isolated.
““The Middle Ages”The Middle Ages”
Middle Ages Middle Ages (500-1400) (500-1400) Trade declined, cities and Trade declined, cities and roads fell apart, law and order vanished, and money was roads fell apart, law and order vanished, and money was no longer used.no longer used.
Feudalism – Feudalism – A king would give estates to nobles in exchange for their military support (political relationship)(political relationship)
Since Rome had controlled most of Europe, when Rome collapsed most of Europe collapsed with it.
Directions:Directions:
In the empty box draw an example of Feudalism. Draw a pyramid, a web chart, symbols, or pictures to show the Feudal system.
Yo Ho .. It’s a Peasants Yo Ho .. It’s a Peasants Life for MeLife for MePeasants who couldn’t get Peasants who couldn’t get any land or protection any land or protection worked worked for nobles.for nobles.
In return for protection In return for protection peasants farmed the land and peasants farmed the land and made payments to the made payments to the nobles.nobles.– Serfs: Serfs: a peasant who was a peasant who was
forbidden to leave the manor or forbidden to leave the manor or a lords controla lords control..
Serfs were not considered slaves only because they could not be sold.
Tiny one bedroom w/ dirt floor
Hole in the roof for a chimney
One or two pieces of furniture
The Roman Catholic ChurchThe Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic The Roman Catholic Church Church restored restored stability and order in stability and order in Europe.Europe.
Placing severe penalties on all those who disobeyed the church.
Scolds Bridle
A torture device resembling an iron muzzle or a cage for the head. The device has an iron curb projecting into the
mouth which rests on the top of the tongue. The curb was
frequently studded with spikes, so the individual would be tortured if they
moved theirtongue.
The StocksStocks are devices used for torture, public humiliation, and corporal punishment. Thestocks immobilize part of the victim’s body and expose them in a public place. Theoffender's hands and head, or sometimes their ankles are placed and locked through two or three holes in the center of a board.
The rack is a torture device that consists of a wooden frame, with a roller at one or both ends. The victim's feet were fastened to one roller, and the wrists are chained to the other. Roller was used to gradually increase the tension of the chains, basically pulling the person’s body apart.
The Rack
Meanwhile…Meanwhile…
The religion known as The religion known as IslamIslam swept across the Middle swept across the Middle East and Africa.East and Africa.
- Muslims: followers of Islam- Muslims: followers of Islam
Europeans soon got scared that they were going to Europeans soon got scared that they were going to loose control of their Holly Lands.loose control of their Holly Lands.
- Pope Urban II (- Pope Urban II (head of Roman Catholic Churchhead of Roman Catholic Church) urged ) urged Catholics to fight against the Muslims.Catholics to fight against the Muslims.
The The Crusades Began…Crusades Began…
The CrusadesThe Crusades
The Crusades changed European society in The Crusades changed European society in many ways:many ways:– Breakdown Feudalism: Kings now had controlBreakdown Feudalism: Kings now had control– Europeans began trading w/ MuslimsEuropeans began trading w/ Muslims
What were the crusades? . . .What were the crusades? . . .A series of Holly Wars launched by Christians in Europe against the Muslims.
- There was 8 different wars during the Crusades.- The Christians were fighting the Muslims over control of Holy places in Palestine.
Cause and Effects of European Exploration
• The Crusades broadened European horizons and stimulated interests in luxury goods.
• Monarchs of new states wanted to get gold to strengthen their rule.
• Renaissance promoted a scientific and practical view of the world.
• New technology like the compass and the astrolabe made exploration possible.
Causes
Effects• An exchange of goods and ideas between
Europe and the Americans began.• European diseases devastated Native
American populations; American disease spread to Europe.
• Europeans became increasingly involved in the West African slave trade.
Graphic Organizer Skills
European exploration brought profound cultural changes to many parts of the world.
Evaluating How did technology help promote explorations?
Guided Reading Activity 1-2Guided Reading Activity 1-2
Follow the directions on the Guided Reading Activity 1-2.
Beginning of Strong StatesBeginning of Strong States
The feudal system was in declineThe feudal system was in decline
Kings and Queens used all their money to find Kings and Queens used all their money to find Gold or Silver. They searched for new trade Gold or Silver. They searched for new trade routes. routes.
Four strong states emerged:Four strong states emerged:
All four started financing exploration in the hope All four started financing exploration in the hope of expanding their trade and national power.of expanding their trade and national power.
Very quickly the Feudal system proved that it wasn’t working to control the people
An Age of Exploration1400-1800
Europeans Begin to Explore the East
Setting the Stage
• The 15th and 16th centuries were a time of exploration and discovery for European nations.
• Europeans were ready to venture beyond their boarders.– The Renaissance encouraged,
among many other things, a new spirit of adventure and curiosity.
European Exploration
• Factors that started European exploration:– Desire for new sources of wealth
– The Spice trade
– Increase in technology
– To find a new sea route directly to Asia.
The Spice Trade• The Muslims and Italians controlled
the trade of goods from East to West.
• Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants.
• Italian merchants resold the items at increased prices to other merchants throughout Europe.
• These other merchants did not like this arrangement.
• European, English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French merchants all sought to bypass the Italians and find
a new sea route directly to Asia.
The Three G’s
• These were known as:– Glory– God– Gold
• The desire to spread Christianity also fueled European exploration.
• Along with the Three G’s, advances in technology helped to promote exploration.
New Technology
• Out on the open seas, wind easily blew ships off course. With only the sun, moon, and stars to guide them, few sailors willingly ventured beyond the sight of land.
– In order to travel to far away lands inventors developed new tools for navigation and new designs for sailing ships.
Technology• Main problem: European ships
could not sail directly into the wind. – Caravel was developed with
triangular sails to help. - Triangular sails allowed the caravel to sail directly into the wind
- Ships also started zigzag courses in order to prevent being thrown off course.
Navigational techniques - Europeans improved their navigational techniques.
- Astrolabe: A brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using these rings to sight the stars a captain could see how far north or south of the equator he was.
- The Sextant replaced the astrolabe in measuring the height of the stars above the horizon.
- This 16 century compass is typical of those taken by navigators on the great voyages of exploration.
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Henry the Navigator– Set up a center for map making,
astronomy, and ship building.
• 1420: Portuguese began mapping Africa’s west coast in hopes they could find a quick water trade route.
• Vasco da Gama– Sailed from Portugal, rounded Africa, and
landed in west India (water route to eastern Asia)
Name some reasons why Prince Henry would want to find a route to Asia.
• Bartolomeu Dias – Reached the southern tip of Africa(Cape of Good Hope).
– Trade w/ merchants– Find Gold and Silver– Take home expensive spices– BE the FIRST ONE
Directions: On your Map draw the route that Vasco da Mama sailed to reach west India. Label: Italy, Cape of Good Hope, and India
Slavery and Sugar• Slavery had existed in Africa and other
arts of the world for centuries.
• Slavery changed when Arab traders exchanged horses, cotton, and other goods for slaves.– Slaves owned by Africans had an
opportunity to regain their freedom. – Slaves owned by Arab traders were forced
into slavery for life.
Quick, Use your book turn to page 23 and tell me:
• What two things increased the demand for slaves?
• Before Europeans found out about sugar cane what did they use to sweeten their foods?
• What caused Europeans low participation in slavery at first?
Fast, fast, write it down and tell me fast!
Daily LifeLife abroad a ship during the age of exploration was no pleasure
cruise. With no refrigeration system, foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats quickly rotted. For nourishment, sailors often had to rely on a rock-hard, bland-tasting biscuit known as hardtack.
In addition, swift and brutal punishment often awaited those who broke the ship’s rules. The most common punishment was with the “cat-o’-nine-tails,” a whip made of nine knotted cords. The sailor was tied down and repeatedly struck on his bare back.
Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances
Renaissance began (1350-1600) Renaissance began (1350-1600) A rebirth of learning and the arts.A rebirth of learning and the arts.
European scholars rediscovered the works of European scholars rediscovered the works of Greek and Roman philosophers, geographers, Greek and Roman philosophers, geographers, and mathamations. and mathamations.
This lead to development of new navigational This lead to development of new navigational tools used fortools used forexploring. exploring.