wheat streak mosaic virus and the wheat curl mite

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Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite Daniel Waldstein Crop Protection Specialist Crop Protection Specialist North Central Research Extension Center Mi t ND 58701 7662 Minot, ND 587017662

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Page 1: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat Streak Mosaic VirusWheat Streak Mosaic Virusand the Wheat Curl Mite

Daniel Waldstein

Crop Protection SpecialistCrop Protection Specialist

North Central Research Extension Center

Mi t ND 58701 7662Minot, ND 58701‐7662

Page 2: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

WSMV SymptomsWSMV Symptoms

• Yellowing with green lines or splotchesYellowing with green lines or splotches  (Nitrogen deficiency should not have green lines)lines)

S ld l• Symptoms most severe on older leaves

• Younger leaves have more of mosaic symptomsy p

Page 3: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

D. E. Waldstein, NDSU

Page 4: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

D. E. Waldstein, NDSU

Page 5: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

D. E. Waldstein, NDSU

Page 6: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Mite‐Virus InteractionMite Virus Interaction

• Virus can be picked up by the mite with 10‐30Virus can be picked up by the mite with 10 30 minutes of feeding

• Virus remains active in the mite for 7‐9 days

• Virus remains in mite from stage to stage but g gis not transferred to the eggs (next generation)g )

Page 7: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat Curl Mite BiologyWheat Curl Mite Biology

• Carrier (vector) for wheat streak mosaic virus( )

• Egg, 2 larval stages, and adult

• Mite is  approximately 1/100 inch long (should be visible with 10x magnification)visible with 10x magnification)

• Cigar shaped body with forward directed legs

• Can overwinter as adults, larvae, or eggs

Page 8: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat Curl Mite Population DynamicsWheat Curl Mite Population Dynamics

• Spread by wind‐‐‐temps. of 65 F and 15+ m.p.h. wind p y p pwill cause widest spread

• Populations explode with temps in the 70’s• Populations explode with temps. in the 70’s

• Life cycle of 7‐10 days with optimum temps.Life cycle of 7 10 days with optimum temps.

• Potential for one female to produce 3 million offspring in 60 days

• Population growth slows in hot dry conditions• Population growth slows in hot, dry conditions

Page 9: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat Curl Mite HostsWheat Curl Mite Hosts

• Best hosts: Wheat (winter, spring, and durum)est osts: eat ( te , sp g, a d du u )

• Good hosts: Proso Millet, Downy chess, Sandbur,Good hosts: Proso Millet, Downy chess, Sandbur, Smooth Crabgrass

• Fair hosts: Corn, Western Wheatgrass, Cheat, Japanese chess

• Poor hosts: Barley, Rye, Barnyard grass, Foxtail

Page 10: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat Curl Mite SurvivalWheat Curl Mite Survival

• Must be in contact with green tissue of suitable ghost to survive

• Survive only 8 hrs. at 75 F without food or water

T d t b i t t d f th l t• Tend to be in protected areas of the plant

• Insecticides/miticides not effective because mites• Insecticides/miticides not effective because mites are in protected areas of plant and extremely fast rate of increase in populations

Page 11: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

Virus SusceptibilityVirus Susceptibility

• High: Wheatg

• Moderate: Barnyard grass, stinkgrass, witchgrass, y g g ggreen foxtail

• Slight: Barley, oats, rye, sorghum, foxtail millet, prosomillet, jointed goatgrass, downy brome, Japanese brome cheat grass sandbur crabgrassbrome, cheat grass, sandbur, crabgrass

• Resistant:Most corn hybrids, Canada wildrye, yellowResistant: Most corn hybrids, Canada wildrye, yellow foxtail

Page 12: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

WSMVManagement: VolunteersWSMV Management: Volunteers

• Control winter wheat and spring wheatControl winter wheat and spring wheat volunteers and grass weeds with herbicides/tillage (“break the green bridge”)herbicides/tillage ( break the green bridge )

C l l 2 k i l i• Control at least 2 weeks prior to planting

• Mites do not survive on dead tissue

Page 13: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

WSMVManagement: Planting DateWSMV Management: Planting Date

• Winter Wheat: plant toward end of window; p ;early planting at higher risk with warmer temps. and higher mite activity

• Spring Wheat/Durum: plant early before mite populations build up in winter wheat orpopulations build up in winter wheat or volunteers and moves into spring grain

• If mite moves into HRSW at flag leaf or later yield loss is minimal 

Page 14: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the Wheat Curl Mite

WSMVManagement: VarietiesWSMV Management: Varieties

• AC Radiant‐ Lethbridge Alberta Canada winterAC Radiant Lethbridge, Alberta Canada winter wheat 2007 release; resistant to mitehttp://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex11601

• Mace‐ USDA ARS and Nebraska Ag. Exp. Station hard red winter wheat 2007 release; resistant to the virus

• http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=228024