wheat management
DESCRIPTION
Wheat Management. Mike Roegge University of Illinois Extension Adams/Brown Unit. With special thanks to Dr. Carl Bradley, Dr. Steve Ebelhar, Dr. Eric Adee. Caused by the fungus: Fusarium graminearum Bleached heads Healthy spikelets remain green - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Wheat Management
Mike RoeggeUniversity of Illinois Extension
Adams/Brown Unit
With special thanks to Dr. Carl Bradley, Dr. Steve Ebelhar, Dr. Eric Adee
Fusarium Head Blight – Scab
• Caused by the fungus: Fusarium graminearum
• Bleached heads• Healthy spikelets
remain green• Same organism
causes Fusarium stalk rot in corn
Conditions favorable for Fusarium head blight
• Flowering thru kernel development– Prolonged periods of
high humidity– Moderate
temperatures = 75 to 85°F
– Prolonged wet periods
Scab Incidence in Wheat, Monmouth, (1997, 98, 2001-2004)
0
5
10
15
20Sc
ab (%
)
Corn Soybean
Previous Crop
TillNo-till
Proline Fungicide
• Full registration last year on wheat (2007)• Prothioconazole is the active ingredient
(triazole)• Applied at 4.3 to 5.7 fl oz/A • Has been evaluated in Illinois wheat scab
fungicide trials (applied at early anthesis – Feekes 10.51)
What’s available for scab control in 2008?
• Proline (prothioconazole) – fully registered in 2007– Apply at early anthesis (Feeke’s
10.5.1)
• Never spray a fungicide that contains a strobilurin (Headline, Quadris, Quilt, Stratego) component at this stage!– Vomitoxin (DON) levels can increase
Monmouth, IL - 2003
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
FHB Yield
untreatedFolicurProline
Eric Adee, Univ. IL
Monmouth, IL - 2004
0102030405060708090
FHB DON Yield
untreatedFolicurProlineProsaro
Eric Adee, Univ. IL
Urbana Wheat Fungicide Trial – 2007
Fungicide Scab (%) DON (ppm)
Test wt (lb/bu)
Yield (bu/A)
Untreated 57 0.43 60.1 54.9
ProLine @ 5 fl oz/A
30** 0.26 59.9 52.6
Monmouth Wheat Fungicide Trial – 2007
Fungicide Scab (%) DON (ppm)
Test wt (lb/bu)
Yield (bu/A)
Untreated 22 0.40 57.8 54.7
ProLine @ 5 fl oz/A
14 0.39 57.8 52.1
Data courtesy Eric Adee, Univ. of Illinois
Summary of University of Illinois trials with Proline
• Can consistently reduce scab disease levels and DON levels in harvested grain
• Not enough “high disease pressure” trials to always observe significant yield differences
Wheat Scab Management
• Infects wheat when flowering• Requires high humidity/rain for spore
production and infection• Favored by mild temperatures (65-86o F)• Scab Risk Tool:
http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu
www.wheatscab.psu.edu
What about control of diseases other than scab?
• Other diseases- Leaf and glume blotch, tan spot, rusts
• Can control other diseases at the 10.51 timing (scab timing), but may be able to have better control of lead diseases at an earlier timing……..flag leaf to early heading (9 to 10.1)
• Protect the flag leaf!
Spring Scouting for Diseases
Protect the Flag LeafSeptoria Leaf BlotchPowdery MildewRust
Protect the Head
Managing Leaf, Glume, Rust Diseases
• Crop rotation– Stubble-borne diseases
• Resistant varieties
• Fungicides– Some control with “scab” timing– Better control earlier……..protect the flag leaf!
http://vt.cropsci.uiuc.edu/
Fungicides for leaf, glume, rust diseases
• Many available
• Triazoles – Proline, Tilt (Curative)
• Strobilurins – Headline, Quadris (Protectant)
• Mixtures – Stratego, Quilt
2003 to 2007 Illinois SummaryUIUC and SIUC trials
-16-12-8-4048
12162024
Location, variety, year
Yiel
d di
ffere
nce
(bu/
A)
Data from Belleville, Brownstown, Carbondale, Dixon Springs, Urbana.Applications made at or near flag leaf emergence. UIUC trials = S. Ebelhar and C. Bradley; SIUC trials = B. Young
Overall average = 3 bu/A over the untreated
Fungicides for leaf, glume, and rust diseases
• Bigger benefits observed on more susceptible varieties
• Timing = flag leaf emergence may provide the best protection of flag leaf- label restrictions on most to restrict application to: 1) before flowering or 2) before flag leaf finished emerging
• Application at flowering - will get some protection of leaf diseases, but don’t apply a strobilurin product at this stage
• Scout at flag leaf emergence and thereafter, idea is to protect flag leaf (80% of fill?)
Spray or Not?1. Does the field appear to have adequate yield potential 2. Has there been rainy weather or heavy dews the week
going into flag leaf emergence........and is this weather expected to continue?
3. How susceptible is the variety to leaf diseases (rust, septoria, etc.)
4. The Cereal Rust Bulletin (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9757) is a good way to find out if rusts are headed north. If some of the rusts are approaching and the weather has been favorable for disease, then this should also be another level of consideration for a fungicide.
Dr. Carl Bradley, 2-26-08
Efficacy of fungicides for wheat disease control based on appropriate application timing Product Fungicide(s) Rate/A
(fl. oz) Powdery mildew
Stagonospora leaf/glume blotch
Septoria leaf blotch
Tan spot
Stripe rust
Leaf rust
Head scab
Headline 2.09 EC
Pyraclostrobin 23.6%
6.0 to 9.0 G1 VG VG E E2 E NR Strobilurin
Quadris 2.08 SC
Azoxystrobin 22.9%
6.2 to 10.8 F(G)3 VG VG E E2 E NR
Proline 480 SC
Prothioconazole 41%
5.0 to 5.7 --4 VG VG VG -- VG G(VG)3
PropiMax 3.6 EC
Propiconazole 41.8%
4.0 VG VG VG VG VG VG F
Triazole
Tilt 3.6 EC
Propiconazole 41.8%
4.0 VG VG VG VG VG VG F
Quilt 200 SC
Azoxystrobin 7.0% Propiconazole 11.7%
14.0 VG VG VG VG E E NR Premix
Stratego 250 EC
Propiconazole 11.4% Trifloxystrobin 11.4%
10.0 G VG VG VG VG G NR
Section 18 triazole5
Folicur 3.6 F
Tebuconazole 38.7%
4.0 G VG VG VG E E G
1 Efficacy categories: NR=Not Recommended; F=Fair; G=Good; VG=Very Good; E=Excellent 2 Efficacy may be significantly reduced if solo strobilurin products are applied after infection of has
occurred 3 (G) indicates greater efficacy at higher application rates 4 Insufficient data to make statement about efficacy of this product 5 Folicur does not currently have a federal label, but may be labeled or have Section 18 emergency
registration in some states in 2008