S E C T I O N 1 :

T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N

Chapter 22Enlightenment & Revolution,

1550-1789

Roots of Modern Science

Mid-1500s, ____________- careful observation of the world

Facilitated by European exploration

A Revolutionary Model of the Universe

____________- Earth is the center of the universe

____________– Planets revolved around Sun

________________________

Scientist

Made 1st telescope to study planets

Church took him to court

Scientific Method

Newton Explains the Law of Gravity

____________ described the law of gravity

showed that the same force affected the motion of planets and things on Earth

Changes in Science/Medicine

Learned that the Heart pumps blood

S E C T I O N 2 :

T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T I N E U R O P E

Chapter 22Enlightenment & Revolution,

1550-1789

Two Views on Government

____________ – Intellectual movement

Use reason and scientific method

Thomas Hobbes

____________= war “every man against every man”

____________– Agreement where people give up right to government to live safely

Believed; best government = ________________________

John Locke

People had 3 natural rights: ____________________________________

Government must protect those rights

The Philosophes Advocate Reason

____________ – Social Critics in France

5 main beliefs

Find truth using reason

Acting according to nature brings happiness

Using scientific view can make life better

____________

Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech

________________________

French writer concerned with government and political liberty

Wrote about separation of powers among different parts of government

________________________

Enlightenment thinker who promoted freedom

Believed all people are equal

Women and the Enlightenment

Enlightenment ideas were for men

________________________– Author who wrote about women’s rights

Legacy of the Enlightenment

Influenced American and French Revolutions

Use reason to make society better

Importance of individuality

S E C T I O N 3 :

T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T S P R E A D S

Chapter 22Enlightenment & Revolution,

1550-1789

A World of Ideas

1700’s, Paris was cultural center of Europe

____________ – Social gatherings for discussing ideas or art

____________ – huge set of books with info about the known world

Banned by church

They later changed their minds

Helped spread ideas

Old Artistic Styles

____________ – grand, ornate style

Detailed, expensive

New Artistic Styles

Enlightenment ideas of order and reason

Borrowed ideas from ________________________

Style called ____________

Music

Classical Music comes from 1700’s

Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig von Beethoven

• New types: sonata and symphony

Literature

New style called Novel - _____________________

Enlightenment and Monarchy

Most of Europe ruled by Absolute Monarchs

________________________– Ruler who supported Enlightenment but not give up power

Rulers respected people’s rights

Fredrick the Great of Prussia

Religious freedom

Reformed Justice system

Joseph II of Austria

Once he died, the nobles who owned the lands were able to undo this reform

Catherine the Great of Russia

Tried to reform laws

Met with resistance

Tried to end serfdom

Bloody peasant rebellion changed her mind

Gained new land

S E C T I O N 4 :

T H E A M E R I C A N R E V O L U T I O N

Chapter 22Enlightenment & Revolution,

1550-1789

Britain and Its American Colonies

Population:

1700:

1770:

Colonies accounted for ____________

Self-Government

Colonies began feeling independent

British Parliament passed strict laws to control colonies

NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

French and Indian war was expensive

Stamp Act: ________________________

Colonists upset because they were NOT represented in parliament

Boycott British Goods

1765, Colonists boycott British goods

Parliament imposed more

taxes

Led to protests

Threw $1 Million in tea in to Boston Harbor

Americans go to War

Boston Tea party angered Great Britain

Colonies create an Army: Continental Army

General: ________________________

Declaration of Independence

________________________wrote Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

Based on ________________________

American Revolution

1775-1781 British fought Americans in North America

Colonists had:

Great Britain was one of the most powerful nations in the world

Americans Win Independence

British grew tired of the cost of war

1783, Treaty of Paris : _____________________

Americans Create a Republic

13 colonies became 13 states

Government: Articles of Confederation

1787, The Constitution

Many Enlightenment ideas

Each branch of government limits the power of the others

The Constitution

____________: power is divided between national and state governments

The Constitution

____________: First ten amendments to the constitution

____________: Put power in the people’s hands

____________: Protect freedom of speech and religion

____________: Fair justice system