Upload File

what’s this about learning? what’s this about learning? learning & conditioning-...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery
33
What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization , Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Upload: godfrey-walters

Post on 18-Dec-2015

233 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

What’s this aboutLEARNING?

What’s this about

LEARNING?

Learning & Conditioning-

Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Page 2: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Learning

Learning relatively

permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

Page 3: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Learning vs Conditioning

Stimulus A(The word ball)

Thought of B(Mental image of a ball)

Thought of B(Mental image of a ball)

Learning Experience

After Learning

Neutral stimulus(Bell)

Unconditioned response(Salivation)

Conditioned response(Salivation)

Conditioning Procedure

After Conditioning

Unconditioned stimulus(Food)

Conditioned stimulus(Bell)

Stimulus A(The word ball)

Stimulus B(Sight of a ball)

Page 4: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian

physician/ neurophysiologist

Nobel Prize in 1904

studied digestive secretions

Page 5: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and

naturally--triggers a response

Unconditioned Response (UCR) unlearned, naturally occurring response to the

unconditioned stimulus

Page 6: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) originally irrelevant stimulus that, after

association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Conditioned Response (CR) learned response to a previously neutral

conditioned stimulus

Page 7: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS REFLEX ACTIONwill

elicit a

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

NEUTRAL STIMULUSREFLEX ACTIONwill

elicit a

CONDITIONED STIMULUSCONDITIONED STIMULUSwill

elicit aCONDITIONED

RESPONSE

NEUTRAL STIMULUSwill

elicit NO REACTION

Page 8: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Pavlov’s Classic Experiment

Before Conditioning

During Conditioning After Conditioning

UCS (foodin mouth)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

Nosalivation

UCR (salivation)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

UCS (foodin mouth)

UCR(salivation)

CS(tone)

CR (salivation)

Page 9: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

CS(waiting room)

CS(waitingroom) CR

(nausea)

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

Page 10: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

UCS(passionate kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

CS(onionbreath)

CS(onion breath) CR

(sexualarousal)

UCS(passionate Kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

Other examples?

Odors?

Memory?

Page 11: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s device for recording salivation

Page 12: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Acquisition the initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a ns with an ucs so that

the ns comes to elicit a cr

Page 13: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Extinction diminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, when a

UCS does not follow a CS

Page 14: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Strengthof CR

Pause

Acquisition(CS+UCS)

Extinction(CS alone)

Extinction(CS alone)

Spontaneousrecovery ofCR

Page 15: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Spontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest

period, of an extinguished CR Generalization

tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responses

Page 16: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Discrimination in classical conditioning, the learned

ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

Page 17: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Do Demo- Eye Blink….

Stop here….. End of lesson one

Page 18: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Behaviorism

John B. Watson Baby Albert Experiment Conditioned humans &

emotional response

Page 19: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Classical Conditioning

Page 20: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Show Clip…

Watson's Baby Albert

Page 21: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Operant Conditioning- Review

What is Operant Conditioning? type of learning in which behavior is

strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment

What is the Law of Effect? Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by

favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Page 22: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) elaborated

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

developed behavioral technology

Page 23: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Show clip- “Skinner Boxes”

Waldon Two- A utopian Community?The lollipop experimentwww.twinoaks.org

Page 24: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Operant Conditioning

Shaping operant conditioning procedure in

which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal

Hot/ Cold Game

Page 25: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Principles of Reinforcement

Primary Reinforcer innately reinforcing stimulus i.e., satisfies a biological need

Conditioned ( secondary)Reinforcer stimulus that gains its reinforcing power

through its association with primary reinforcer

Page 26: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Experiment- Conditioning the Teacher

Page 27: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

How do Punishment & NR differ?

Punishment aversive event that decreases the

behavior that it follows NR- Precedes behavior and

decreases frequency EX?

Page 28: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Cognition and Operant Conditioning

Cognitive Map mental representation of the layout of one’s

environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as

if they have learned a cognitive map of it

Latent Learning learning that occurs, but is not apparent until

there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Page 29: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Cognition and Operant Conditioning

Intrinsic Motivation desire to perform a behavior for its

own sake and to be effective Extrinsic Motivation

desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments

Survey…..

Page 30: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Observational Learning

Observational Learning learning by observing and

imitating others ( modeling)

Page 31: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Observational Learning

Alfred Bandura’s Experiments Bobo doll we look and we

learn Prosocial

behavior

Page 32: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Does TV Make children Violent?

It can magnify predisposition to violence in males.

Increase aggressive response in non-violent males

Almost no impact on femalesMore than two hours per day before age

five increases rate of ADD.Critique of Studies?

Page 33: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Television and Observational Learning


What’s IT all about?

What’s Possible with Personalized Learning? - … › wp-content › uploads › iNACOL...What’s Possible with Personalized Learning? An Overview of Personalized Learning for Schools,

What’s a learning team?

What’s different about children?

What’s your style?. Learning Objectives Review past learning experiences to discover what you believe about yourself as a learner Identify your strengths

What’s so big about MAIZE?

WHAT’s sMART ABoUT soUTHERN CoMPANY?

What’s it about?. ¿De qué se trata? What’s it about?

Learning Commons: What’s Working?

Blended Learning That Works What’s this “blended” talk all about? Content Consideration s: It’s still about learning Defining a blended solution Defining

What’s the game about?

What’s all the Ruckus about?

WHAT’S THEORETICALLY NOVEL ABOUT …€™s theoretically novel about emerging market multinationals? ... [email protected] ... what’s theoretically novel about emerging

What’s Different about Our Shed?

What’s Cool About Normothermia?

What’s worth learning?

So, what’s ‘good’ about you? ………………………...……………………. ………………………. ……………………….. ………………………

What’s on your mind when we talk about learning English by reading?

Learning services ~ What’s next?

What’s Fishy About Seafood?

So what’s this machine learning all about?€¦ · So what’s this machine learning all about? Alex Whittles @PurpleFrogAlex Alex Whittles Business Intelligence Consultancy. Data

What’s a Learning Style?

CREATING PARTIALLY ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS. What’s important about how you learn?

Learning Analytics & AI go to School - Simon Buckingham Shumsimon.buckinghamshum.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/... · What’s really new about Learning Analytics? “The potential

Information management in the Virtual Learning …...Virtual Learning Environment Dr Julian Beckton Virtual Learning Environments What’s the problem •Student complaints about “Inconsistency”

Chapter 1 Business: What’s It All About? Chapter 1 Business: What’s It All About? Part 1

What’s so great about apples?

Learning Commons: What’s Working?

What’s the silhouette all about

What’s legit about Rignet ?

ESL PLC Meetings January 15-16, 2013 What’s Different About Teaching Reading to Students Learning English?

What’s So Great About Gardening? - Amazon Web Services... · 2016-11-28 · 39 What’s So Great About Gardening? State Curriculum Identifiers - What’s So Great About Gardening?

What’s Different About Teaching Reading to Students Learning English? Part 2 November 17, 2014 Ann Talton

What’s different about them?

What’s learning, revisited Overfitting Bayes optimal classifier ...Classification: Mitchell’s Machine Learning, Chapter 6 What’s learning, revisited Overfitting Bayes optimal