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What’s the Difference?

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Page 1: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

What’s the Difference?

Page 2: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Animal Rights

Page 3: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the rights not to be used for food, experimentation or entertainment, and the right to be free.

• it’s a philosophical belief system

• it’s one of many different belief systems

• it’s a belief system based on ethical concerns for animals

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 4: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Rights for Animals

few rights lots of rights

There is a continuum of rights for animals, ranging from few or no rights to lots of rights. Our own individual belief systems all fall somewhere along this continuum.

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 5: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Some, like the 17th century philosopher Descartes, may believe that animals are little more than machines—that they have no feelings at all.Such a belief system suggests that animals have few—if any—rights.

Rights for Animals

few rights lots of rights

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 6: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Some animal rights supporters are at the other extreme—believing that all animals should have the same moral rights as humans.

This belief system suggests that animals should have the same rights as humans.

Rights for Animals

few rights lots of rights

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 7: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Most zoo & aquarium professionals fall somewhere along the middle of the continuum, believing that animals have the right to humane care.

Our individual belief systems—based on our individual experience, education, culture, religion, etc.—give us our varying opinions on the rights of animals.

Rights for Animals

few rights lots of rights

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 8: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

So – the idea of Animal Rights …

• is a philosophical belief system

• is one of many different belief systems

• is a belief system based on ethical concerns for animals

What is it?

Animal Rights

Page 9: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Animal Welfare

Page 10: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

What is it?

The Animal Welfare Committee defines it as a combination of an animal’s physical health and psychological well-being.

Animal Welfare

Page 11: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• nutrition

• exercise

• social groupings

• veterinary care

• environmental conditions

What is it?

Physical Health involves appropriate …

Animal Welfare

Page 12: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• addressing animals’ motivational needs

• providing animals with choice and control

• matching the environment to animals’ natural adaptations

• encouraging animals to develop and use their cognitive abilities

What is it?

Psychological Well-Being involves

Animal Welfare

Page 13: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

The subject of animal rights is more concerned with philosophy—and less

concerned with science.

The subject of animal welfare is more concerned with science—and less

concerned with philosophy.

Our philosophical views are individual and personal, but our collective professional goal is

excellent animal welfare.

What’s the difference?

Animal Rights/ Animal Welfare

Page 14: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

We do use animals in zoos and aquariums.

The welfare of animals in zoos and aquariums is driven by how and why we use them.

Our concerns—and those of our public—about animal rights are affected by the welfare of the animals in our collections.

There is, however, considerable overlap …

What’s the difference?

So the two concepts are linked.

Animal Rights/ Animal Welfare

Page 15: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

How can we ensure consistently high standards of animal welfare in our

collections?

The Animal Welfare Committee is a resource for addressing the

question.

Animal Rights/ Animal Welfare

Animal Welfare is everyone’s responsibility.

Animal Welfare CommitteePromoting Excellence in Animal Care

The question for zoo & aquarium professionals is …

Page 16: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

1. Animal welfare ranges on a continuum from very poor to very good. There are no clear dividing

lines between “good” and “bad”.

To enhance animal welfare, we need to recognize five important points:

Animal Welfare

Page 17: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

2. Animal welfare must be assessed at the individual animal level, not at the group or

species level.

Animal Welfare

To enhance animal welfare, we need to recognize five important points:

Page 18: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

3. Good welfare will look different for different individual animals

—it’s relative, not absolute.

Animal Welfare

To enhance animal welfare, we need to recognize five important points:

Page 19: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

4. There is no single measure of welfare—we need to look at multiple

variables to assess welfare.

Animal Welfare

To enhance animal welfare, we need to recognize five important points:

Page 20: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

5. Welfare is a quality of the animal—it is not something that we provide to

animals (what we provide are appropriate conditions—the potential—for animals to

experience good welfare).

Animal Welfare

To enhance animal welfare, we need to recognize five important points:

Page 21: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

1. Animal welfare ranges on a continuum from very poor to very good. There are no clear dividing lines between “good” and “bad”.

So how can we maximize our animals’ welfare potential?

2. Animal welfare must be assessed at the individual animal level, not at the group or species level.

3. Good welfare will look different for different individual animals—it’s relative, not absolute.

4. There is no single measure of welfare—we need to look at multiple variables to assess welfare.

5. Welfare is a quality of the animal—it is not something that we provide to animals (what we provide are appropriate conditions—the potential—for animals to experience good welfare).

Animal Welfare

Page 22: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

The Animal Welfare Committee defines 6 programs that contribute to maximizing an animal’s potential to experience high levels

of welfare:

• nutrition • research

• training• health

• enrichment

• habitat

Maximizing welfare potential

Animal Welfare

Page 23: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Maximizing welfare potential

• Enrichment:

Animal Welfare

Page 24: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

An enrichment program involves setting goals, planning, implementing, documenting, evaluating, and refining enrichment plans

Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

Maximizing welfare potential

Animal Welfare

Page 25: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

Maximizing welfare potential

• Habitat:

Animal Welfare

Page 26: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment Habitat:

Maximizing welfare potential

Is it possible to develop a programmatic approach to optimizing habitats/housing? What would such a program look like?

Animal Welfare

Page 27: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

• Habitat: the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment

Maximizing welfare potential

• Nutrition:

Animal Welfare

Page 28: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Nutrition: the science of ensuring that an animal is provided with a complete and balanced diet

Maximizing welfare potential

What makes an effective nutrition program? Where should we look to find out?

Animal Welfare

Page 29: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

• Habitat: the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment

• Nutrition: the science of ensuring that an animal is provided with a complete and balanced diet

Maximizing welfare potential

• Research:

Animal Welfare

Page 30: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Research: using the scientific method to address basic and applied questions about an animal’s behavior, physiology, genetics, etc.

Maximizing welfare potential

What makes up an effective research program, especially in terms of animal welfare?

Animal Welfare

Page 31: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

• Habitat: the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment

• Nutrition: the science of ensuring that an animal is provided with a complete and balanced diet

• Research: using the scientific method to address basic and applied questions about an animal’s behavior, physiology, genetics, etc.

Maximizing welfare potential

• Health:

Animal Welfare

Page 32: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Health: the prevention and treatment of illness and injury

Maximizing welfare potential

What are the components of an effective veterinary program?

If we don’t know, who would?

Animal Welfare

Page 33: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

• Habitat: the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment

• Nutrition: the science of ensuring that an animal is provided with a complete and balanced diet

• Research: using the scientific method to address basic and applied questions about an animal’s behavior, physiology, genetics, etc.

• Health: the prevention and treatment of illness and injury

Maximizing welfare potential

• Training:

Animal Welfare

Page 34: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Training: using a variety of techniques including habituation and classical and operant conditioning to teach an animal to cooperate with and participate in its own management.

Maximizing welfare potential

As with enrichment, an effective training program involves setting goals, planning, implementing, documenting, evaluating, and refining plans and

goals

Animal Welfare

Page 35: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• Enrichment: using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide species-appropriate control/choices

• Habitat: the complexity of an animal’s physical and social environment

• Nutrition: the science of ensuring that an animal is provided with a complete and balanced diet

• Research: using the scientific method to address basic and applied questions about an animal’s behavior, physiology, genetics, etc.

• Health: the prevention and treatment of illness and injury

• Training: using a variety of techniques including habituation and classical and operant conditioning to teach an animal to cooperate with and participate in its own management.

Maximizing welfare potential

Animal Welfare

So we have 6 programs that contribute to the welfare potential of our animals:

Page 36: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

The integration and coordination of these 6 programs, and the feedback among them, make up the overall program of animal husbandry – using knowledge of an animal’s natural and individual history to provide high-quality care (feeding, housing, social management, etc.).

Maximizing welfare potential

Animal Welfare

Page 37: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

Maximizing welfare potential

If the 6 programs of animal husbandry are in place and are effective, then we can presume that we have enhanced the welfare potential

of our animals.enrichment + habitat + nutrition + research + health + training =

maximized potential for animal welfare

Animal Welfare

husbandry program =

Page 38: What’s the Difference?. Animal Rights The idea that animals should have the same moral rights as humans, and the same inherent value – for example, the

• understand how to develop effective animal care programs.

• identify measures of program effectiveness and tools for program integration.

Your comments and participation are welcomed!

Maximizing welfare potential

The Animal Welfare Committee is working to provide you with resources to:

Animal Welfare

Animal Welfare CommitteePromoting Excellence in Animal Care


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