What’s so important about being understood?

A Small List

Rush Limbaugh Forrest Gump Warner Bros cartoons Bill Clinton A Fish Called Wanda Moses Children of a Lesser God Christopher

Reeve The World According to Garp Rain

Man One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ronald Reagan 40 First Dates Sixth Sense Pearl Harbor Thunderbirds

Communication Disorders

Communication disorders are relatively common (approx. 1 out of every 6 persons are affected)

What is communication?Definition: “process of sharing information

between two or more persons” “transmission of thoughts or feelings

from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener” – Borden, Harris, & Raphael, 1994, p. 174

Communication

Importance of Communication Basic reasons we communicate

Request Reject Comment

So many more reasons Share experiences Receive comfort/understanding Interact with those around us through

communication (marriage proposals to justification of a salary increase to teaching your child his/her first word)

Importance of communication Importance of communication

Human communication is unique because of the use of language and speech

Speech Sign language Reading/writing Basically two types

Nonverbal Verbal

First things first – Process of communicating

Nonverbal Communication

What we say….when we’re not talking

A few funny sites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G

sjZrkm-2Tk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x

9YTxff3pHU (hilarious, but a bit crude)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfNoVo0F25E

Communication & Speech, Language, and Hearing

Good communication involves…Four Principles for Effective

Communicators:1. Quantity – provides the right

amount and type of information

2. Quality – shares information that is accurate

3. Relevance – maintains the topic4. Manner – speaks fluently

Process of spoken language

Which leads to…..

How would you define?

Language Speech Hearing

What is Language?

As defined by Nelson (1998):“socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to others who know the same code”

Language

Language is representational

We represent our thoughts and feelings through words, gestures, writing, signs…..

Rules of Language

5 domains of language

The five domains

Semantics – meaning of words and word combinations

Syntax – organization of sentences Morphology – organization of words Phonology – organization of sounds

(phonemes) Pragmatics – language use for social

purposes http://www.asha.org/public/speech/

development/Pragmatics.htm

Okay, so what is speech?

Neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language

Involves three systems:-respiration-phonation-articulation

Most common form of language expression because of advantages over other modalities

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=por-6LwDyyk&feature=user (example of articulation)

Essential building blocks for normal speech1. Breathstream – consistent and even2. Voice – appropriate intensity and

pitch3. Articulation – precision in phoneme

production4. Fluency – effortless and smooth

speech

Hearing

The perception of sound (in the communication process, the perception of speech)

Steps of sound processing:-creation of sound source-vibration of air particles-reception by ear-comprehension by brain

Communication Disorder

Present when a person is either unable to or has significant difficulties in one or more of the four processes (formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension)

Formulation or comprehension problems language impairment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfZJWy2AlfA&feature=related

Transmission problems speech impairment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdb8CnPruvc&feature=related

Reception problems hearing impairment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzGZeY-TLzk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6S_CExhFeA&feature=related

Communication

Difference

When considering a person’s communicative abilities, we must be knowledgeable about their language, dialect, and cultural background

A “difference” is when an “individual’s communication patterns differ substantially from that of the person or persons with whom he/she is communicating

Language Disorder

Breakdown in one or more of the domains of semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics

Child language disorders-ex. Specific language

impairment (SLI) Adult language disorders

-ex. Aphasia

Disorders of Speech

Breakdown in one or more of the systems of respiration, phonation, and articulation

Articulation and phonology disorders-distortions, substitutions, and

omissions of speech sounds Fluency disorders Voice disorders

-aphonia and dysphonia Motor speech disorders

-apraxia and dysarthria

Disorders of Hearing

Breakdown in the reception or transmission of sound

Sensorineural hearing impairment-inner ear or auditory nerve

Conductive hearing impairment-outer or middle ear

Auditory processing disorder-auditory center in the brain

Disorders of Feeding & Swallowing Pediatric disorders of feeding and

swallowing Cleft palate Cerebral palsy Disordered interactions with feeding

partners Adult dysphagia

Career Options

Speech-language pathology Audiology Allied Professions

-special education-neurologist-occupational therapist-otorhinolaryngologist-pediatrician-psychologist

Video clip about SLPs & Auds http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8s5gjsoLZKE (SLP) http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=q4dUVapGtBI&feature=related (Aud)

Job Options for SLPs