what’s new in 2012 - tennessee forestry association (tfa) health... · 2012-10-21 · services,...

WhatWhat’’s new in 2012s new in 2012

Heather Slayton

Forest Health SpecialistTN Dept. of Agriculture, Division of Forestry

Denise C. HaffnerPlant Health Safety SpecialistUSDA APHIS PPQ

John RochellePlant InspectorTN Dept. of Agriculture, Regulatory Services, Plant

Certification

Presenters

Southern Pine Beetle

Featured Forest Health Issues

forestryimages.org

mcdef.org

Gypsy Moth

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid


TDF

emeraldashborer.info

Emerald Ash Borer


Walnut Twig Beetle

forestryimages.org

tn.gov

Thousand Cankers Disease

Regional Update 2012

Tennessee Update 2012

Regulations (if applicable)

Treatment Options (if available)

Current Research

Forest Health Issue Outline

US Forest Service Region 8 SPB survey

13 states in Region 8

189 trap locations throughout the 13 states

Virginia was the highest, followed by Florida,Alabama, and Mississippi

Clerids were found in high numbers in every traplocation. Good news!

The clerid trend is looking to contribute to another lowSPB year in 2013. Hopefully the drought will not be amajor stressor to the regional pine resource.

Southern Pine BeetleRegional 2012 Update

Southern Pine BeetleRegional 2012 Update

4 counties trapped by TDF, 2 traps per county Rhea

Wayne

Chester

Marion

Nolichucky/Unaka & the Ocoee Ranger Districts trappedby USFS

Traps installed in last week of March

Collected samples from each trap in every week of April.Samples sent each week to USFS in NC for identification

Removed traps during last week of April

Southern Pine BeetleTennessee 2012 Update

Results: Averages:

Rhea: 0 SPB 3 Clerids/trap/day

Wayne: 0 SPB 1.9 Clerids/trap/day

Chester: 0 SPB 16.9 Clerids/trap/day

Marion 0 SPB 1.8 Clerids/trap/day

Nolichucky/Unaka RD 0 SPB .4 Clerids/trap/day

Ocoee RD 0 SPB 1.4 Clerids/trap/day

GRAND TOTAL OF CLERIDS: 1227


Currently not regulated

Southern Pine BeetleRegulations

Silvicultural, preventative actions are #1 !!!!

Do not over plant or over stock your acreage

Thin when appropriate. Do not ‘just let it go’

Continuously monitor your forest for signs of stress, insects, ordisease

If SPB is detected:

Cut & remove

Cut & leave

Cut & hand spray

Pile & burn

Southern Pine BeetleTreatment Options

SPB outbreak prediction models

SPB aerial detection procedures

Integrated Pest Management approaches

Treatment & control tactics

Economic impacts of SPB on pine markets regionally & state by

state

Forest restoration post SPB attacks

Improved wood utilization from SPB attacks

Southern Pine BeetleCurrent Research

Gypsy MothRegional 2012 Update

TDF (full time & seasonal personnel) placed at total of

12,911 gypsy moth traps statewide

Delimiting (sites where moths were caught in 2010 or2011) 4 sites in east Tennessee

5 sites in middle Tennessee

1 site in west Tennessee

In 2013, only 1 delimiting site from 2011 will be trapped(Roane County)

Other partnering agencies include: TDA RegulatoryServices, US Dept. of Energy, USDA APHIS

Gypsy MothTennessee 2012 Update

Results: 13 moths caught in Tennessee


Gypsy MothRegulations

USDA APHIS regulates the interstate movement fromareas of known infestation or quarantine of: Outdoor furniture or other items (grills, swing sets, etc.)

Bark or bark products

Mobile homes, mobile home skirts

Any outdoor item that originated from areas of generalinfestations that a gypsy moth adult or egg mass couldattach to

Must have items inspected & be issued a permit

Currently, Roane County is considered infested but wehope to have negative trap data in 2013 to consider iteradicated.

Gypsy MothTreatment Options

As an individual:

Do not move any outdoor items from known areas ofinfestation (mostly in the north) to Tennessee withoutan APHIS inspection/permit

If gypsy moth detected on or near your property inTennessee, thoroughly inspect, wash, & remove alloutdoor items and contact Forest Health Specialist

Be vigilant for evidence of gypsy moth activity such astan egg masses, numerous caterpillars, or defoliation

Gypsy MothTreatment Options

As an agency:

Install dense patterns of lure traps in the area to ‘trapout’ the male gypsy moths

Conduct egg mass surveys in the winter and destroyany egg masses found

Conduct aerial & ground spray operations to eradicateemerging caterpillars

Continue to educate the public on gypsy mothbehavior and forest threatening outcomes if aninfestation is detected

Gypsy MothCurrent Research

Entomophaga maimaiga (Em) fungus

Fungus native to Japan and most likely imported in theearly 1900s

Gypsy moth caterpillars come in contact with Em spores inthe soil

Em uses special enzyme to penetrate gypsy moth larvae

Disease then develops & causes mortality within 7-10 days

Stays alive in dead caterpillars only to infect othercaterpillars

Very host specific to gypsy moth

Gypsy MothCurrent Research

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)

Naturally occurring

Virus cause mortality in two waves: early instarsinfected through surface of egg mass; those cadaversinfect later instars

Disrupts feeding, egg laying & general movement

Can decimate large populations of gypsy moth

NPV is not a new discovery but current researchlooking at using as a gypsy moth eradicationtechnique

Hemlock Woolly AdelgidRegional 2012 Update

Hemlock Woolly AdelgidTennessee 2012 Update

Hemlock Woolly AdelgidRegulations

TN Dept. of Agriculture, Regulatory Services

Requires a phytosanitary certificate to move hemlockfrom quarantined states or counties to nonquarantined states or counties

Hemlock products including nursery stock

Hemlock Woolly AdelgidCurrent Research

Effects of different species of predatory beetles onpresent HWA population

Effects of slope, aspect, moisture, and elevation onchemical uptake by infested hemlocks

Effects of fungal agent Mycotal on HWA populations

Effects of climate change on HWA populations

Effects of different chemical and chemicalapplication tactics

Emerald Ash BorerRegional 2012 Update

Emerald Ash BorerTennessee 2012 Update

Emerald Ash BorerRegulations

USDA AHPIS regulates:

All life stages of Emerald Ash Borer

Ash Logs

Sawmills

Kiln Dry Facilities

Mulch/chips

Wood Packing Material

Hardwood Firewood


Tools used for Control:

Compliance Agreements

Inspections

Regulatory Operations


Compliance Agreements

The USDA and a business enters into acompliance agreement, a legal document, thatoutlines the treatment or processing ,necessary to move regulated material. Underthe EAB Federal quarantine guidelinestreatments can include:

Removing the bark and an 1/2 inch of wood,Kiln dry, Heat treat, Fumigate, chip orcompost.


Inspections

PPQ Officers then inspect the load to see if itmeets compliance, and issue the properpermits for interstate movement.

As a quality control measure, PPQ officers doinspect these facilities on a regular basis. Wemaintain data on these individuals orcompanies and report weekly to managementofficials.


Logs

Know point of origin of

logs

Apply the treatment

Issue 540 certificate for

interstate movement


EAB on ash logs


Remove bark & ½inch of wood

Kiln dry

Fumigate

Heat treat

Issue 540 certificatefor interstatetransport

Sawmills


EAB on ash grade lumber


Kiln drying

Kiln must be approved by USDA.

Temperature printouts must beverified, along with moisturecontent.

If the wood does not meetmoisture content guidelines, itwill NOT be in compliance andmust undergo additional kilndrying.


Kiln Dry Facilities

Kiln Drying Treatment Schedule

Treatment: T404-b-4 Kiln SterilizationDry Bulb Wet Bulb Relative Moisture Thickness Exposuretemperatures depression humidity content of lumber time140F 70F 82% 13.8% 1 inch 3 hrs

2 inches 5 hrs3 inches 7 hrs

130F 160F 60% 9.4% 1 inch 10 hrs2 inches 12hrs3 inches 14hrs

125F 150F 61% 9.7% 1 inch 46 hrs2 inches 48 hrs3 inches 50 hrs


Wood Packing Material/Pallets

ASH HARDWOOD PALLETS not heat treatedrequire 540 for interstate movement


EAB on Packing Material/Pallets


Mulch & Chips

Produce mulch/chips

that are less than 1 x 1 in

two dimensions

Compost

Company will receive

an electronic shield to

transport interstate


All Hardwood Firewood

Remove bark &

additional ½ inch of

wood

Kiln Dry

Fumigate

Heat treat


All Hardwood Firewood

Emerald Ash BorerTreatment Options

For industry (previously discussed):

Removing the bark and an 1/2 inch of wood

Kiln dry

Heat treat

Fumigate

Chip or compost

Emerald Ash BorerTreatment Options

For individuals: Chemical treatment with Imidacloprid

Consult a professional

Treat when known infestation is within 10 miles of yourhome

Must retreat every 3-5 years for life of the tree

Consult with a professional forester to get advice on ashstocking within your forest. Harvest decisions need to bebased on your proximity to a known EAB infestation, yourash component, and current ash markets

Portable saw mills

Personal firewood resource- DON’T MOVE FIREWOOD!

Emerald Ash BorerCurrent Research

Biological Control

Parasitoids (insects that feed on or within hosts)

Woodpeckers

Pesticide control

Many studies are conducted in EAB’s native range (Asia)to observe how native predators effect EABpopulations. Can they be effective in the US?

Thousand Cankers Disease & TheWalnut Twig BeetleRegional 2012 Update

Thousand Cankers Disease & TheWalnut Twig BeetleTennessee 2012 Update

Thousand Cankers Disease & TheWalnut Twig Beetle

Regulations

TN Department of Agriculture, Regulatory Services

Thousand Cankers Disease” means the insectvector Pityophthorus juglandis in any stage ofdevelopment and the fungus Geosmithia morbidasp. nov.

NOTE: Operative word is “and”


Regulations

Compliance Agreement

“Compliance agreement” means a written agreementbetween the Tennessee Department of Agriculture anda person engaged in growing, handling, or movingregulated articles, in which the person agrees to complywith the provisions of this chapter and any conditionsimposed under this chapter. Any authority granted tothe holder of a compliance agreement shall only pertainto articles owned by such holder


Regulations

Certificate

“Certificate” means a document that is issued for aregulated article by the commissioner or by a personoperating under a compliance agreement whichrepresents that such article is eligible for movement inaccordance with this chapter.


Regulations

Limited Movement Permit

“Limited movement permit” means a document inwhich the commissioner or a person operating under acompliance agreement affirms that a regulated articlethat is not eligible for a certificate can be moved only toa specified destination and in accordance withconditions specified on the permit. Any authoritygranted to the holder of a limited permit shall onlypertain to articles owned by such holder.


Regulations

Regulated Articles

The Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, in

any living stage of development

The fungal pathogen, Geosmithia morbida

Firewood of any non-coniferous (hardwood) species


Regulations

Regulated Articles

All plants and plant parts of the genus Juglansincluding but not limited to nursery stock,budwood, scionwood, green lumber, and othermaterial living, dead, cut, or fallen, includinglogs, stumps, roots, branches, mulch andcomposted and uncomposted chips.


Regulations

Regulated Articles

Any article, product, or means of conveyancewhen it is determined by the commissioner topresent the risk of spread of the Walnut TwigBeetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, or the fungalpathogen, Geosmithia morbida sp. nov. and thecommissioner notifies the person in possessionof the article, product, or means of conveyancethat it is subject to these regulations.


Regulations

Regulated Articles

Specific exceptions are nuts, nut meats, hulls,and finished wood products without bark,including walnut furniture, instruments, andgun stocks derived from the genus Juglans


Regulations

Movement of Regulated Articles fromQuarantined Areas

Regulated articles may be moved from andthrough a quarantined area only if moved:

With a certificate or limited permit issuedand attached in accordance with this chapter.

OR:


Regulations


Without a certificate or limited permit onlywhen the regulated article originates outsidethe quarantined area and is moved through thequarantined area under the followingconditions:


Regulations

Movement of Regulated Articles from QuarantinedAreas

1.The points of origin and destination are indicatedon a document accompanying the regulated article;and2.The regulated article is moved directly throughthe quarantined area without stopping (except forrefueling or for traffic conditions, such as trafficlights or stop signs), or has been stored, packed, orhandled at locations approved by thecommissioner as not posing a risk of infestation byTCD; and


Regulations


3.The article has not been combined orcommingled with other articles so as to lose itsindividual identity


Regulations

Movement of Regulated Articles fromRegulated Buffer Areas

Regulated articles may be moved from andthrough a regulated buffer area only if moved:

With a certificate or limited permit issued andattached in accordance with this chapter

Without a certificate or limited permit onlywhen:


Regulations

Movement of Regulated Articles from RegulatedBuffer Areas

The regulated article originates outside the quarantined orother regulated buffer area and is moved through theregulated buffer area under the following conditions: The points of origin and destination are indicated on a

document accompanying the regulated article; and

The regulated article is moved directly through theregulated buffer area without stopping (except for refuelingor for traffic conditions, such as traffic lights or stop signs),or has been stored, packed, or handled at locationsapproved by the commissioner as not posing a risk ofinfestation by Thousand Cankers Disease; and


Regulations

Movement of Regulated Articles fromRegulated Buffer Areas

The article has not been combined or commingledwith other articles so as to lose its individualidentity; or

The regulated article is moved directly to aquarantined area or directly to another regulatedbuffer area.


Regulations

Issuance & Cancellation of CertificatesThe commissioner or a person operating under acompliance agreement may issue a certificate for themovement of a regulated article if he or she determinesthat the regulated article: Is apparently free of Thousand Cankers Disease, based

on inspection; or

Has been grown, produced, manufactured, stored, orhandled in a manner that, in the judgment of thecommissioner, prevents the regulated article frompresenting a risk of spreading Thousand CankersDisease; and


Regulations

Issuance & Cancellation of Certificates

Is to be moved in compliance with anyadditional emergency conditions that thecommissioner may impose in order to preventthe artificial spread of Thousand CankersDisease;


Regulations


The commissioner or a person operatingunder a compliance agreement may issue alimited movement permit for the movement ofa regulated article not eligible for a certificate ifhe determines that the regulated article:


Regulations


Is to be moved to a specified destinationfor specific processing, handling, or use(the destination and other conditions to belisted on the limited permit), and thismovement will not result in the spread ofThousand Cankers Disease because thepathogen will be destroyed by the specificprocessing, handling, or use; and


Regulations


Is to be moved in compliance with anyadditional emergency conditions that thecommissioner may impose in order toprevent the spread of Thousand CankersDisease; and


Regulations


The commissioner may issue blankcertificates and limited permits to a personoperating under a compliance agreementin accordance with this chapter orauthorize reproduction of the certificatesor limited permits on shipping containers,or both, as requested by the personoperating under the complianceagreement.


Regulations


These certificates and limited permits maythen be completed and used, as needed,for the movement of regulated articlesmarketed by such person that have met allof the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2)of this section.


Regulations


Any certificate or limited permit may becanceled orally or in writing by the commissionerwhenever he determines that the holder of thecertificate or limited permit has not complied withthis chapter.

If the cancellation is oral, the cancellation willbecome effective immediately, and the cancellationand the reasons for the cancellation will beconfirmed in writing as soon as circumstancespermit.


Regulations

Cancellation of Compliance Agreement

Persons engaged in growing, handling, ormoving regulated articles may enter into acompliance agreement if such persons reviewwith the commissioner each provision of thecompliance agreement.

Any person who enters into a complianceagreement with the Tennessee Department ofAgriculture must agree to comply with theprovisions of this chapter.


Regulations


Any compliance agreement may be canceledorally or in writing by the commissionerwhenever the commissioner determines that theperson who has entered into the complianceagreement has not complied with this chapteror any conditions imposed under this chapter.


Regulations


If the cancellation is oral, the cancellationwill become effective immediately, and thecancellation and the reasons for the cancellationwill be confirmed in writing as soon ascircumstances permit.


Regulations

Assembly & Inspection

Persons requiring certification, requesting alimited movement permit, or requesting othersimilar services shall request the services from thecommissioner at least 48 hours before theregulated article is to be moved.

The regulated articles must be assembled at theplace and in the manner that the commissionerdesignates as necessary to comply with thischapter.

615.837.5130


Regulations

Attachment & Disposition of Certificates &Permits

A regulated article must be plainly markedwith the name and address of the consignorand the name and address of the consignee andmust have the certificate or limited movementpermit issued for the movement of a regulatedarticle securely attached at all times duringmovement to:


Regulations

Attachment & Disposition of Certificates & Permits

The regulated article;

The container carrying the regulated article;

The consignee's copy of the accompanyingdocument, provided that the description ofthe regulated article on the certificate orlimited movement permit, and on thedocument, are sufficient to identify theregulated article; and


Regulations

Attachment & Disposition of Certificates &Permits

The carrier must furnish the certificate orlimited movement permit authorizingmovement of a regulated article to theconsignee at the destination of theshipment.


Regulations

Prohibited Entry into Tennessee

Regulated articles from the areas listed below areprohibited entry into Tennessee:

Arizona CaliforniaColorado IdahoNevada New MexicoOregon UtahWashington

Or any other area of the US where federal or state plantregulatory officials have determined TCD to be present


Regulations

Exception

The only exception to this prohibition iswhen a permit for the movement of anyregulated article is issued by the commissionerfor research purposes.

Stipulations for safeguarding will be spelledout in the issuance of the permit.


Regulations

For Your own copy of the Quarantine:

http://www.tn.gov/sos/rules/0080/0080-06/0080-06.htm

Click on 0080-06-11 Thousand CankersDisease for the .pdf file of the Quarantine and

Regulations




Treatment Options

As of now, no effective treatment has beendeveloped.

If you notice your walnuts showing signs ofdieback or stress, please contact RegulatoryServices or TDF’s forest health specialist.

Consult with a professional forester to get advice onwalnut stocking within your forest. Harvestdecisions need to be based on your proximity to aknown TCD infestation, your walnut component,and current walnut markets.


Current Research

Effectiveness of imidacloprid or otherinsecticides that target bark beetles

Is TCD in the forest, or is it just an urbanhealth issue?

Different types of walnut product treatment(i.e. heat treatments to kill the beetle &disease)

Chemical uptake by the tree and does itmanifest in the nut crop?

Surveying and monitoring techniques

The drought of 2012

Asian longhorn beetle

Sudden oak death

Laurel wilt fungus & redbay ambrosia beetle

Syrex woodwasp

Forest Health Issues Watch List

www.protectnforests.org

www.aphis.usda.gov

www.tn.gov/agriculture/regulatory

Resources

http://www.protectnforests.org/

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/

http://www.tn.gov/agriculture/regulatory

Heather Slayton, TDF

[email protected]

615.837.5432

Denise C. Haffner, USDA

[email protected]

614.626.1029

John Rochelle

[email protected]

931.815.9726

Contact Information

mailto:[email protected]



Thanks!

Questions?

what’s new in 2012 - tennessee forestry association (tfa) health... · 2012-10-21 · services,...

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