what’s he doing? where’s he going? who’s he going with? by tamara taylor intensive english...
TRANSCRIPT
What’s he doing?What’s he doing?Where’s he going?Where’s he going?
Who’s he going with?Who’s he going with?By Tamara Taylor
Intensive English Language Institute
University of North Texas
What’s a noun clause?What’s a noun clause?
Noun Clause = part of a sentenceNoun Clause = part of a sentence– a subject a subject – a direct object ora direct object or– an object of a prepositionan object of a preposition
How do you make a noun How do you make a noun clause?clause?
Connecting word + subject + verb Connecting word + subject + verb
What are the connecting What are the connecting words? words?
What What WhoWho WhomWhom WhenWhen WhereWhere WhyWhy
a thinga thing a persona person a persona person a timea time a placea place a reasona reason
Let’s make some noun Let’s make some noun clause objects! clause objects!
Don’t forget the pattern: Don’t forget the pattern:
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Here we go!Here we go!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb What’s he doing?What’s he doing?
I don’t know _____________________I don’t know _____________________
what he’s doing!what he’s doing!
Here we go!Here we go!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb Where’s he going?Where’s he going?
I don’t care _____________________I don’t care _____________________
where he’s going!where he’s going!
Here we go!Here we go!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Who’s he going with?Who’s he going with?
It’s none of my business It’s none of my business ______________________________
whom he’s going whom he’s going with!with!
Here we go!Here we go!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Why did he leave?Why did he leave?
No one knows______________________No one knows______________________
why he left.why he left.
Here we go!Here we go!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
What does he want?What does he want?
Why do you want to know Why do you want to know _____________?_____________?
what he what he wantswants
But it’s not all that simple!But it’s not all that simple!
There are more connecting wordsThere are more connecting words ifif whether or notwhether or not
These words are used with yes-no These words are used with yes-no information.information.
Here we go again!Here we go again!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Is she coming with us?Is she coming with us?
Do you know ____________________?Do you know ____________________?
if/whether or not she is if/whether or not she is coming with us coming with us
Here we go again!Here we go again!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Do they always go to the library to Do they always go to the library to study?study?
Do you know ____________________?Do you know ____________________?
if/whether or not they if/whether or not they always always go to the library to study go to the library to study
Here we go again!Here we go again!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Are they friends? Are they friends?
Do you know ____________________?Do you know ____________________?
if/whether or not they are friendsif/whether or not they are friends
I really don’t know _________________.I really don’t know _________________.
if/whether or not they are friendsif/whether or not they are friends
Here we go again!Here we go again!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
Will it be sunny today? Will it be sunny today?
Does anyone know _______________________?Does anyone know _______________________?
if/whether or not it will be sunny if/whether or not it will be sunny todaytoday
No one knows ___________________________.No one knows ___________________________.
if/whether or not it will be sunny if/whether or not it will be sunny todaytoday
Finally – one last type of Finally – one last type of noun clausenoun clause
There is one more connecting wordThere is one more connecting word thatthat
It is used to state a fact. It is used to state a fact.
Here we go again!Here we go again!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb
The test will include noun clauses. The test will include noun clauses.
The teacher says _________________________.The teacher says _________________________.
that the test will include noun that the test will include noun clausesclauses
I am sure _______________________________.I am sure _______________________________.
that the test will include noun that the test will include noun clausesclauses
It’s a little more It’s a little more complicated!complicated!
Connecting word + subject + verbConnecting word + subject + verb & &
Logical verb tense sequenceLogical verb tense sequence The test will include noun clauses. The test will include noun clauses.
Yesterday the teacher Yesterday the teacher saidsaid ________________. ________________.
that the test WOULD include noun clausesthat the test WOULD include noun clauses
He He toldtold me _____________________________. me _____________________________.
that the test WOULD include noun clausesthat the test WOULD include noun clauses
An important clue!An important clue!
Watch for reporting VERBS:Watch for reporting VERBS:– say, tell, whisper, e-mail, write, say, tell, whisper, e-mail, write,
communicate, report, announce, communicate, report, announce, declare, shout, ask, want to know, declare, shout, ask, want to know, wonder, think, feel, believe, hopewonder, think, feel, believe, hope
Can you think of more? Can you think of more?
Reporting verbs & verb Reporting verbs & verb tensestenses
When the reporting verb is in “a” When the reporting verb is in “a” present tense (any present tense – present tense (any present tense – simple present, present simple present, present progressive, present perfect), progressive, present perfect),
the noun clause verb can be in ANY the noun clause verb can be in ANY verb tense! verb tense!
Reporting verbs & verb Reporting verbs & verb tensestenses
When the reporting verb is in “a” When the reporting verb is in “a” past tense (any past tense – past tense (any past tense – simple past, past progressive, past simple past, past progressive, past perfect), perfect),
the noun clause verb MUST BE in a the noun clause verb MUST BE in a logical PAST tense! logical PAST tense!
Reporting verbs & verb Reporting verbs & verb tensestenses
the noun clause verb MUST BE in a the noun clause verb MUST BE in a logical PAST tense! logical PAST tense!
Reported speechReported speech
The teacher said,The teacher said, “You will have a test “You will have a test soon.” soon.”
The teacher said _____________________ .The teacher said _____________________ .
that we would have a test that we would have a test soonsoon
Reported speechReported speech
The director announced,The director announced, “IELI needs to hire two new “IELI needs to hire two new teachers.” teachers.”
The director announced_________________ The director announced_________________ ..
that IELI needed to hire two new that IELI needed to hire two new teachersteachers
Reported speechReported speech
The students felt,The students felt, “We must have more practice.” “We must have more practice.”
The students felt ______________________ .The students felt ______________________ .
that they had to have more that they had to have more practicepractice
Reported speech: Reported speech: sequence of eventssequence of events
The panicked woman told the policeman,The panicked woman told the policeman, “My house was robbed last night.” “My house was robbed last night.”
The panicked woman told the policeman The panicked woman told the policeman ____ .____ .
that her house had been robbed the night that her house had been robbed the night beforebefore
Another Way to Say ItAnother Way to Say It
FACT: Her house was robbed last night.FACT: Her house was robbed last night.
It is true ______________________________ It is true ______________________________
that her house was robbed last that her house was robbed last nightnight
What’s that? What’s that?
That her house was robbed last night That her house was robbed last night is is true.true.
Now the noun clause is a subject. Now the noun clause is a subject.
Let’s make some noun Let’s make some noun clause subjects! clause subjects!
August is one of the hottest months. August is one of the hottest months.
________________________________ is true. ________________________________ is true. That August is one of the hottest months
No one wanted to help us. No one wanted to help us.
________________________________________________________ was shocking! was shocking! That no one wanted to help us
Let’s make some noun Let’s make some noun clause subjects! clause subjects!
Where did the students go on vacation? Where did the students go on vacation?
________________________ is a mystery to ________________________ is a mystery to me. me.
Where the students went on vacation
Who is going to help us? Who is going to help us?
_______________________ is a good question. _______________________ is a good question. Who is going to help us
Let’s make some noun Let’s make some noun clause subjects! clause subjects!
Is he waiting for us to call him? Is he waiting for us to call him?
__________________________ is unimportant. __________________________ is unimportant. If/ Whether he is waiting for us to call him
or not
Does she have much money? Does she have much money?
______________________________________________ does not concern does not concern you! you!
If / Whether she has much money or not
What about objects of What about objects of prepositions? prepositions?
Where will she live? Where will she live?
Her parents are worried about _____________ .Her parents are worried about _____________ .
where she will livewhere she will live
What is he doing?What is he doing?
We want to know more about _____________ .We want to know more about _____________ .
what he is doingwhat he is doing
Where are they going?Where are they going?
No one cares about ______________________.No one cares about ______________________.
where they’re going where they’re going
We also sayWe also say
August is hot, but it’s my favorite month. August is hot, but it’s my favorite month.
Despite the fact ______ , it’s my favorite Despite the fact ______ , it’s my favorite month.month.
that August is hot
She had a party, but no one came. She had a party, but no one came.
Despite the fact ______________ ,no one Despite the fact ______________ ,no one came. came.
that she had a party
One more way to say One more way to say it!it!
Many kinds of clauses can be reduced or Many kinds of clauses can be reduced or shortened. shortened.
What should she do? What should she do?
She doesn’t know ______________________.She doesn’t know ______________________.
what to do what to do
How can he make extra money?How can he make extra money?
Tom can tell him _______________________ .Tom can tell him _______________________ .
how to make extra moneyhow to make extra money
One more way to say One more way to say it!it!
Do you know Do you know when clauses can be shortened to when clauses can be shortened to infinitives? infinitives?
She doesn’t know what she should do.She doesn’t know what she should do.
She doesn’t know She doesn’t know what to do.what to do.
Tom can tell him Tom can tell him how he can make extra money.how he can make extra money.
Tom can tell him Tom can tell him how to make extra money. how to make extra money.
The subject of the reduced clause must be clear.The subject of the reduced clause must be clear.
The meaning is always “should” or “can/could.” The meaning is always “should” or “can/could.”
Make sentences with Make sentences with these noun clauses.these noun clauses.
where she liveswhere she lives how many sisters you havehow many sisters you have why the teacher was latewhy the teacher was late despite how tired they aredespite how tired they are how to drive a carhow to drive a car why she quit her jobwhy she quit her job when I will graduatewhen I will graduate who my best friend iswho my best friend is whom they were talking about whom they were talking about