what's all the fuss about sustainability ? dr. wade worthen biology department
DESCRIPTION
WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department Furman University. sustainability: "a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely" - Wikipedia 2007. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY?
Dr. Wade Worthen
Biology Department
Furman University
![Page 2: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
sustainability: "a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely"
- Wikipedia 2007
![Page 3: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
sustainability: "a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely" - Wikipedia 2007
-In an expanding system, there are always more resources – sustainability is easy
![Page 4: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
- But in finite, bounded systems, resources will decline and limit the rate of the process UNLESS:
- they regenerate fast enough to meet demand
![Page 5: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
- But in finite, bounded systems, resources will decline and limit the rate of the process UNLESS:
- they regenerate fast enough to meet demand
- efficiency increases so less is needed
![Page 6: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
- But in finite, bounded systems, resources will decline and limit the rate of the process UNLESS:
- they regenerate fast enough to meet demand
- efficiency increases so less is needed
- another resource is substituted
![Page 7: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
sustainability: "a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely"
- Wikipedia 2007
Human sustainability: "Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs."
-Brundtland Commission - 1987
![Page 8: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WHAT'S NOT SUSTAINABLE IN A FINITE, BOUNDED SYSTEM?
![Page 9: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Continuous Growth…
WHAT'S NOT SUSTAINABLE IN A FINITE, BOUNDED SYSTEM?
![Page 10: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHY IS THIS AN ISSUE NOW?
![Page 11: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WHY IS THIS AN ISSUE NOW?
(NOW being the last 150 years!!!!
J. MuirT. RooseveltA.LeopoldR. CarsonJ. Cousteau)
![Page 12: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
our population has been growing dramatically… requiring more and more of the planet’s resources
![Page 13: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
- 1 billion: ...to about 1850
- 2 billion: 1928 (about 78 yrs)
- 3 billion: 1960 (about 32 yrs)
- 5 billion: 1987 (about 13 yrs)
- currently 6.78 billion
- adding about 220,000 people a day….today….
![Page 14: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
- 1 billion: ...to about 1850
- 2 billion: 1928 (about 78 yrs)
- 3 billion: 1960 (about 32 yrs)
- 5 billion: 1987 (about 13 yrs)
- currently 6.78 billion
- adding about 220,000 people a day now
... and 1/2 are living on less than $2/day... so there is already evidence that we are not "sustaining" our population...
![Page 15: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." - Edward Abbey
![Page 16: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." - Edward Abbey
![Page 17: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." - Edward Abbey
![Page 18: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." - Edward Abbey
![Page 19: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." - Edward Abbey
![Page 20: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Because of our large population and powerful technologies, we are changing the characteristics of the planet – the only planet – we depend upon for physical and psychological sustenance and inspiration
Human domination of the Earth's ecosystems (Vitousek et al. 1997).
![Page 21: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Over the last 150 years, more folks are realizing that:We are stressing our life-support systems…There is nowhere else to go…We are all in this together.
![Page 22: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ECONOMY
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Sustainability... "The term, in its current usage, refers to the potential longevity of vital human ecological life-support systems, such as agriculture, industry, forestry, fisheries, urban, and human communities in general."
![Page 23: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ECONOMY
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENT
"When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe." - John Muir, My First Summer in the Sierra, 1911
![Page 24: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TODAY:
- our effects on the natural environment
- why that is important
- why biodiversity is important to sustainability
- what we can do to maintain biodiversity
- why we should appreciate biodiversity
![Page 25: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Land transformation:
Forested Land – U. S.
![Page 26: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
National Forest | National Park
![Page 27: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Land transformation:
![Page 28: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mountaintop removal in West Virginia
Humans are a geological force…
![Page 29: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Human are affecting 83% of the land surface area of the planet… converting forest to field and field to development
![Page 30: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
50% of the freshwater:
![Page 31: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
50% of the freshwater:
The Colorado, like the Nile, Yellow, and Rio Grande, doesn’t reach the ocean for months each year. All the water is diverted.
![Page 32: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
50% of the freshwater:
Water diverted for agriculture in 1960; by 2007, Sea had shrunk by 90%
![Page 33: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
50% of the freshwater:
- Salinization increased, killing the productive fisheries industry
- Agricultural lands – salt increased 6X
by 1994 the productivity had dropped by 20-50%.
![Page 34: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Marine Fisheries:Marine Fisheries:
- Global fish catch is declining by 500,000 metric tons/yr from peak - Global fish catch is declining by 500,000 metric tons/yr from peak in 1987 (Science, 2003). in 1987 (Science, 2003).
- Predatory fish (tuna, salmon) and bottom fish (flounder, sole) - Predatory fish (tuna, salmon) and bottom fish (flounder, sole) have decreased by 90%. have decreased by 90%.
- Farmed fish are fed fish, so that doesn’t relieve the pressure - Farmed fish are fed fish, so that doesn’t relieve the pressure
![Page 35: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2009: 387 -
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
Highest in last 160,000 years…. (Entire history of Homo sapiens)
![Page 36: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
All of recent increase in last 200 yrs…
![Page 37: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
Plants can’t absorb it all…
![Page 38: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
1979
2003
2007 – lowest ever
![Page 39: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
- Calving off the Larsen Ice Shelf in 2002; it’s 50 miles long and as big as Rhode Island…
- Icebergs calving off Ross Shelf – April 2000
(B15 is 4,280 miles2 – about the size of CONNECTICUT….)
![Page 40: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And we are a coastal species…
![Page 41: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
- Changes in Plant Growth: Crops if CO2 at 550 ppm
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
![Page 42: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
-Changes in Plant Growth: Crops if CO2 at 550 ppm
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And we will grow in just the wrong areas…
![Page 43: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Permafrost is defined solely by temperature. Any rock or soil remaining at or below 0°C for two or more years is permafrost. Permafrost can contain 0- 30% ice.
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And there may be some nasty non-linearities…
![Page 44: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
14% of the world’s organic carbon is stored in permafrost. As the poles warm (and they are warming faster than anywhere else), this will thaw.
- and when it melts, marshes are created where anaerobic bacteria dominate, breaking the organics into Methane, not CO2… and methane is a worse greenhouse gas…
This is a type of threshold response (not a gradual response), and would involve positive feedback loops…the warmer it gets, the more permafrost melts, and the warmer it gets…
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And there may be some nasty non-linearities…
tran
sfer
of
carb
on
to
atm
osp
her
e
temp 0C
0
BURP!
![Page 45: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
Things are hotter and drier…
In Western U.S., snow pack has declined dramatically, corresponding to a 30%-60% reduction in stream water.
![Page 46: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
Things are hotter and drier…
In Western U.S., snow pack has declined dramatically, corresponding to a 30%-60% reduction in stream water.
Snowmelt begins much earlier; making spring floods and drier summers. Service, 2004. Science 303:1124-1127.
![Page 47: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
Things are hotter and drier…
In Western U.S., snow pack has declined dramatically, corresponding to a 30%-60% reduction in stream water.
Snowmelt begins much earlier; making spring floods and drier summers. Service, 2004. Science 303:1124-1127.
And what might you expect as the land gets hotter and drier??
![Page 48: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
More fires…
Increase in fire frequency and size over the last 10 years…$3 billion to fight fires in the west, 2X amount ten years ago
![Page 49: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And this will affect other organisms…
-Change in Ocean Food Webs:
- Phytoplankton have shifted northward in Atlantic with warming of surface waters.
-They provide ½ global NPP
-They are critical to food webs
-Shift north may affect zooplankton and perhaps major fisheries.
Richardson and Schoeman, 2004, Science 305:1609-1612
![Page 50: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
We are affecting the climate of the planet:
And this will affect other organisms…
- Adding CO2 to atmosphere creates carbonic acid in water
- Acidification of sea water reduces calcium carbonate production by marine organisms (coccolithophores, corals, molluscs.)
Orr, et al., 2005. Nature. 437:681-686.
![Page 51: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Our growth, in our bounded system, is at the cost of other species
• 40% of primary productivity (E)
Madagascar
![Page 52: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Our growth, in our bounded system, is at the cost of other species
• 40% of primary productivity (E)
Massive extinction should be no surprise
![Page 53: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
TODAY:
- our effects on the planetary environment
- why that is important
- why biodiversity is important to sustainability
- what we can do to maintain biodiversity
- why we should appreciate biodiversity
![Page 54: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- - - - - - - -
![Page 55: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- - - - - - - -
![Page 56: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- - - - - - - -
“I want world peace…”
![Page 57: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - - - - - -
![Page 58: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - - - - - - “Democracy is the
government of the people, by the people, for
the people…”
![Page 59: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - stable, moral governments - stable, moral governments - - - -
![Page 60: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - stable, moral governments - stable, moral governments - - - -
Woo-hoo!!
![Page 61: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - stable, moral governments - stable, moral governments - stable, productive economies - stable, productive economies - -
![Page 62: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - stable, moral governments - stable, moral governments - stable, productive economies - stable, productive economies - -
![Page 63: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
What do we want for the future?What do we want for the future?
- World Peace- World Peace - stable, moral governments - stable, moral governments - stable, productive economies - stable, productive economies - stable, productive food supplies - stable, productive food supplies
![Page 64: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
How can we get there?How can we get there?
- A stable, productive food supply- A stable, productive food supply Stable, productive economies Stable, productive economies Stable, productive, moral governments Stable, productive, moral governments
Peace and happiness for our children Peace and happiness for our children
![Page 65: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
How can we get there?How can we get there?
stable food supplystable food supply
productive economiesproductive economies
Happy peopleHappy peoplestable, moral governmentsstable, moral governments To achieve ONE goal, we must achieve ALL goals...To achieve ONE goal, we must achieve ALL goals...
![Page 66: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Wouldn’t it be nice?Wouldn’t it be nice?
I want environmental, economic, and social
sustainability to achieve world peace!
![Page 67: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
It won’t be easy…..
![Page 68: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
ECONOMY
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENTRemember why?
![Page 69: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
For example…
“Save the Amazon rainforest!!!!”
![Page 70: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
How does Brazil get out from under it's huge international debt?
![Page 71: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
What to do with the unemployed and urban poor? (22% live on less than $2)
Unemployment
![Page 72: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Solution - offer them land to settle in the Amazon
but there is rampant exploitation - relocate poor to servitude of others
![Page 73: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
These are incredibly TOUGH, COMPLEX problems....
but they won't just go away if we ignore them...
![Page 74: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
TODAY:
- our effects on the planetary environment
- why that is important
- why biodiversity is important to sustainability
- what we can do to maintain biodiversity
- why we should appreciate biodiversity
![Page 75: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Why is biodiversity important?
The earth is truly a living planet; life changes the conditions of the earth.
Releases oxygen to the atmosphereTransfers carbon to the lithosphere
Atmosphere
Hydro/Lithosphere
Biosphere
![Page 76: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Why is biodiversity important?
The earth is truly a living planet; life changes the conditions of the earth.
Releases oxygen to the atmosphereTransfers carbon to the lithosphere
Atmosphere
Hydro/Lithosphere
Biosphere Life:• Cleans our water• Makes our food• Cleans our air
![Page 77: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
And we are learning that diversity improves ecosystem function
![Page 78: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Why is ecosystem function important?
![Page 79: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Why is ecosystem function important?
Estimates of various Ecosystem Services - $U.S. trillionsEcosystem services
Value(trillion $US)
Soil formation 17.1Recreation 3.0Nutrient cycling 2.3Water regulation and supply 2.3Climate regulation (temperature and precipitation)
1.8
Habitat 1.4Flood and storm protection 1.1Food and raw materials production 0.8Genetic resources 0.8Atmospheric gas balance 0.7Pollination 0.4All other services 1.6Total value of ecosystem services 33.3Source: Adapted from R. Costanza et al., “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital,” Nature, Vol. 387 (1997), p. 256, Table 2. TOTAL GLOBAL GNP (1997) = 18 trillion.
![Page 80: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Productivity is the energy that an organism absorbs and stores as tissue – as biomass/growth. (And not the energy that the organism spends to move or keep their cells alive…).
So, for humans, ecosystem productivity is food.
![Page 81: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Biodiversity INCREASES productivity
![Page 82: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Biodiversity INCREASES productivity
- Niche Complementarity – different species use different things; more productivity with less competition.
- Positive Effects
Some species have beneficial effects on others, and so their presence promotes diversity and productivity.
![Page 83: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Monoculture
They all need the same things at the same concentrations; they compete.
![Page 84: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Monoculture Polyculture
Combinations of different plants can be planted at higher density, and they use different "niches" and coexist. Even if abundance of "most productive" species drops, this loss can be offset.
They all need the same things at the same concentrations; they compete.
Niche Complementarity
![Page 85: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Monoculture Polyculture
Nitrogen fixing legumes (beans) nutrify the soil, increasing the growth of other plants. And you have beans!
without beans
with beansThey all need the same things
at the same concentrations; they compete.
Positive Effects
![Page 86: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Diversity INCREASES productivity
Diversity can increase stability
![Page 87: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Diversity INCREASES productivity
Diversity can increase stability
Diverse communities are less susceptible to one particular disturbance (like one species of pest, or fire, or flood), because multiple species are unlikely to be sensitive to the same thing.
![Page 88: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
We are dependent on the environment for food and resources. Ideally, we would like a STABLE, PRODUCTIVE supply of these resources.... right??
(We don't want "boom and bust", "feast and famine" scenarios....)
STABILITY
PRODUCTIVITY????????
![Page 89: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
We are dependent on the environment for food and resources. Ideally, we would like a STABLE, PRODUCTIVE supply of these resources.... right??
(We don't want "boom and bust", "feast and famine" scenarios....)
STABILITY
PRODUCTIVITYDIVERSITY…riiight… : )
![Page 90: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
TODAY:
- our effects on the natural environment
- why that is important
- why biodiversity is important to sustainability
- what we can do to maintain biodiversity?
- why should we appreciate biodiversity?
![Page 91: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
![Page 92: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
PLANTS
HERBIVORES
CARNIVORES
LARGE AREA OF HABITAT
Area Effects
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
![Page 93: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
![Page 94: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
Carnivores can’t be supported; competition reduces diversity among herbivores, plants overgrazed.
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
![Page 95: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
- Larger areas lose fewer species over time
![Page 96: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
- Larger areas lose fewer species over time
- Larger areas are less susceptible to disturbance
![Page 97: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
- Larger areas lose fewer species over time
- Larger areas are less susceptible to disturbance
- Larger areas recover more rapidly after disturbance
![Page 98: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
So, how do we preserve biodiversity?
- Larger areas have more species than small areas
- Larger areas lose fewer species over time
- Larger areas are less susceptible to disturbance
- Larger areas recover more rapidly after disturbance
- How large is large?
![Page 99: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Bigger than these……
![Page 100: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
We need to rethink our model of community…
Development
nature
nature
Development
Development
Development
![Page 101: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
And we need to care…
![Page 102: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
TODAY:
- our effects on the natural environment
- why that is important
- why biodiversity is important to sustainability
- what we can do to maintain biodiversity?
- why should we appreciate biodiversity?
![Page 103: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
nature is important to each person, even at an unconscious level.
![Page 104: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Biophilia:
We are interested in living things…
![Page 105: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Biophilia:
There is an adaptive benefit to this interest that has been selected for over hominid evolution…
![Page 106: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
A ‘first alphabet’ book…..
‘A’ is for _____________.
‘B’ is for _____________.
‘C’ is for _____________.
‘D’ is for _____________.
‘E’ is for _____________.
‘F’ is for _____________.
![Page 107: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
A ‘first alphabet’ book…..
‘A’ is for _____________.
- antidisestablishmentarianism?
![Page 108: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
A ‘first alphabet’ book…..
‘A’ is for _____________.
- antidisestablishmentarianism?
![Page 109: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
A ‘first alphabet’ book…..
‘A’ is for _____________.
‘B’ is for _____________.
‘C’ is for _____________.
‘D’ is for _____________.
‘E’ is for _____________.
‘F’ is for _____________.
![Page 110: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
Adjectives and similes…..
Sly as _________
![Page 111: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
Adjectives and similes…..
Sly as _________ an Enron executive?
![Page 112: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
Adjectives and similes…..
Sly as _________
![Page 113: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Language
Adjectives and similes…..
busy as __________?
Strong as ________ ?
Weak as _________ ?
![Page 114: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities – Language
Verbs:
To ‘cow’ To ‘quail’
To ‘clam up’ To ‘weasel’
To ‘outfox’ To ‘hound’
To ‘hog’ To ‘grouse’
To ‘fawn’ To ‘buffalo’
![Page 115: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities – Language
Summary –
“Human intelligence is bound to the presence of animals. They are the means by which cognition takes shape and they are the instruments for imagining abstract ideas and qualities… they are basic to the development of speech and thought.”
-Shepard 1978
Trivial examples or basic, fundamental examples?
![Page 116: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Religion
Animals are central to the myths that give our lives meaning and our culture context.
In particular, the serpent figures
prominently as an icon of power,
knowledge, life, and death.
Egyptians – the Earth as an
Egg, grasped by a serpent
![Page 117: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Religion
Middle East – Judaism – Eve and the serpent
![Page 118: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Religion
Greeks – Gaia (Earth) was protected by her son, Python, who lived at the center of the world and held it together
![Page 119: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Religion
Australian aboriginal culture – the rainbow serpent – art dates from 6000 years ago
![Page 120: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities - Religion
Aztecs – Quetzalcoatl, the ‘bird-serpent’ or “feathered serpent”
![Page 121: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Humanities –
Summary
"Animals are far more fundamental to our thinking than we supposed. They are not just a part of the
fabric of thought: they are a part of the loom." (Peter Steinhart, 1989).
(Native American ouroboric image)
![Page 122: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Sociology
Animals are our cultural icons, we use them for tribal affiliation, both trivial….
NFL Football Team Mascots:
Cardinals Falcons Ravens Bills Panthers
Bears Bengals Broncos Lions
Colts Jaguars DolphinsEagles Seahawks
Rams
15 of 32 teams (not that it helps….)
![Page 123: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Sociology
And significant…
![Page 124: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Psychology
- phobias are usually related to natural cues: (snakes, spiders, water, closed spaces, heights)
(and other primates that encounter snakes are ophidophobes)
![Page 125: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Psychology
- even though cultures have produced more deadly risks
![Page 126: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Psychology
-habitat selection – humans with the resources build homes on promontories near water, with a view
The Vanderbilt Estate, “The Breakers”, Newport, RI
![Page 127: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Psychology
Societies construct gardens, parks, and green spaces in urban environments – like Central Park, NYC.
![Page 128: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Evidence for Biophilia in the Social Sciences - Psychology
We need nature, and we take it with us into man-made environments; it is a part of what we are, and it has shaped who we are and how we identify ourselves, individually and collectively.
Rooftop Garden, Tokyo Tokyo
![Page 129: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Evidence of Biophilia in the Natural Sciences - Physiology
- contact with people helps development and healing
- contact with animals helps stress and healing, and gives us someone who depends upon us.
![Page 130: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Evidence of Biophilia in the Natural Sciences - Physiology
- vistas - people with a natural view are less stressed and are more productive.
- inner city children with a view of a park are able to concentrate in school and are better learners.
![Page 131: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
What are the ramifications of biophilia?
Humans need nature as a reference to completely express our humanity. It is at once the “other” and the “self”.
To lose it, or to simplify it, will profoundly affect what and who we are.
![Page 132: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
“It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds…
![Page 133: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
“with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth…
![Page 134: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
“and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner….
![Page 135: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
“have all been produced by laws acting around us…There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or one….
![Page 136: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
“and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.”Charles Darwin, 1859, “The Origin of Species”
![Page 137: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
If we recognize the grandeur, we might appreciate it…
![Page 138: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
If we appreciate it, we might value it…
![Page 139: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
If we value it, we might sustain it…
![Page 140: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
If we sustain it, we might be able to sustain our societies and economies, as well.
ECONOMY
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENT
![Page 141: WHAT'S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY ? Dr. Wade Worthen Biology Department](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56815c85550346895dca9960/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
If we don’t, we won’t…