what was the enlightenment and how did it change the european idea of government? the enlightenment...
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What was the Enlightenment and how did it change the European idea of
government?
The Enlightenment(The Age of Reason)
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What was the Enlightenment?
What does “enlightenment” mean?
Higher understanding of a particular idea
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the mid-to-late 1700’s
Changing ideas of government and society
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How did the Enlightenment start?
The Enlightenment grew out of the turmoil of Europe following the rise of the absolute monarchs
People were questioning long-held truths
“divine right” Religion Science Personal freedoms
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What were some of the major themes that the Enlightenment stood for?
The Enlightenment thinkers stood for a number of ideals:1. Reason = logical thinking2. Progress = faith in science3. Liberty = individual
freedoms4. Goodness = Man by nature
is good5. Individuality = One person
can make a difference
Main gathering place = Paris, France
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Thomas Hobbs Book = Leviathan
(1651)
People by nature are selfish & wicked• Needs a strong
ruler to keep order
“social contract”• People give up
some rights for order
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
John Locke Book = Two Treatises
of Government (1690)
People learn best through experience / improvement
People are born with certain rights • “natural rights”
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Was Thomas Jefferson a plagiarist?
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Jefferson went through several drafts with the help of Franklin & Adams before finally putting together the finished document.
Drew inspiration for Enlightenment thinkers of the day, such as John Locke.
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The Declaration is one of many documents on display at the National Archives as part of the “Charters of Freedom” exhibit
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Plagiarism is bad…especially in Philly
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Mr. H’s Favorite Scene from National Treasure
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Voltaire (nor-de plum) Francois Arouet
The “Jon Stewart” of this day (satire)
A champion for tolerance of others Freedom / tolerance of
all religions
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Jean Jacques Rousseau Book = The Social Contract
(1762)
A champion for individual freedoms
• Everyone has a equal stake in government matters
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Cesare Beccaria Book = On Crime &
Punishment (1764)
Criticized justice system in Europe & abusive punishment
Trial by jury Anti-torture Anti-capital
punishment
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Mary Wollstonecraft Essay = A Vindication
of the Rights of Women (1792)
One of the world’s first “feminists”
• Pro-education• Women have a right
to be involved in politics