what to do with space station poo 1. 2 david heck advanced manufacturing research & development...

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What to do with Space Station Poo

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David HeckAdvanced Manufacturing Research & Development

Boeing – Phantom Works, St. Louis, Mo

SEND IT TO THE MOON

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Space Shuttle Return to Flight

July 2005 Discover

•Returned with 13 tons of ISS trash

•26,000 pounds total

•old equipment, packaging, wiring

•waste water, human waste, etc

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•Returned with 13 tons of ISS trash (2 years worth)

• 26,000 pounds total

• old equipment, packaging, wiring

• waste water, human waste, etc

•Paid lots of $$ to get it to orbit

•Paying more to bring it home

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Shower Head

Vacuum Hose

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Sit here

Footrest

Vacuum Hose

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Space Station Waste Estimate

589

231

(5)

(5)

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In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

•3558 g/CM-d TOTAL•1918 g Human Waste = 54%•423 g bio-degradable•Total degradable = 66%

589

231

(5)

(5)

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•26,000 pounds total of trash

• old equipment, packaging, wiring

• waste water, human waste, etc

• Based on typical ISS output,

•54% human waste

•66% bio-related

• Actual composition:

• 14,410 lbs. human waste

• 1,600 lbs. other bio-degradable

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Why is this important ?

Launch costs are prohibitive

•Delta IV Medium –

•$130 million puts 25,000 pounds in LEO

•about $5000 per pound to LEO

•Can land 4400 pounds on Lunar surface

•$30,000 per pound to Lunar surface

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Why In-Situ ?

•6 ounce can of Wasabi Peas -

•12 bottle of ketchup -

•Not having to ship EVERYTHING

up from the Earth -

PRICELESS

$11,250

$22,500

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Living off the landIn-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

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What to do with Space Station PooLunar Landings, circa 1970

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• 6 Apollo• 3 Luna

• 840 lbs.

• Wash U. regional node for analysis

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5.5 %

4.5 %

40 %

19 %

6 %

Titanium

14 %

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40% oxygen – rocket oxidizer, O2

19 % silicon – glass & ceramics

14% iron - iron & steel products – construction

6% Titanium - high temperature & spacecraft

5.5% Aluminum – light weight spacecraft parts

4.5%Magnesium – light weight parts, alloy element

Others: Chrome, Manganese, Sulphur, Potassium, Carbon (00.014%)

•850 pounds from 6 sites. What else could we find ?

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What to do with Space Station PooComposition of Lunar Samples

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What to do with Space Station PooComposition of Lunar Samples

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•Mining•Robotic Sweeper – 2 foot wide, 1 inch regolith depth

•Moving at 1 mile per hour (5280 ft per hour = 1.5 ft per sec)

• Gathers 880 ft3 PER HOUR

= 10 ft x 10 ft x 8.8 feet high

•@13% Iron, 25% utilization yields 28 ft3 of IRON

= 42 - 4 ft X 4 ft X 1 inch sheets PER HOUR !

Lunar Industry

ADD Carbon = STEEL

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Lunar Industry•Ground transport

•lunar bus, carts, miners, rovers•Maglev trains & tracks•Mass driver launchers

•Structures•blast deflectors, reflectors, antennas, sun shades•tanks, towers, rails/tracks•habitats, work areas•power transmission

•Systems•Gas & fluid processing equipment & machines•Waste processing & recycling•Power generation & transmission

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Spherical Tanks “Stick” Reflectors

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Lunar Industry

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How do we get it there ?

•Three main steps

•Push into Trans-Lunar Injection trajectory

•Brake into Lunar orbit (LOI)

•De-orbit & land on the Moon

•Requires lots of Fuel

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How do we get it there ?

•Easy Way -

•Upper Stage Chemical Rocket booster

•Traditional rocket powered Lander

•Lots of mass to push to Moon

•Requires lots of Fuel

•How Much ??

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•Data from NASA Apollo 11 Press Kit•Shows spacecraft weight delivered to LEO

(Low Earth Orbit)•Shows weights for each portion of Apollo 11

•Command & Service Module•L.E.M. (Descent and Ascent stages)•Various sub-systems (water, ECS package, etc.)

•Propellant weights for each stage, engine specs•Allows calculation of “Parametric” values

Lessons from Apollo*

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What to do with Space Station PooLessons from Apollo*

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•For every 10,000 lbs in LEO, Apollo puts 3300 lbs in TLI•Requires LOX/LH2 J-2 class engines•Payload Ratio is .33

Trans Lunar Injection Summary


•Delta II (7925H-10L) can place 10,120 lbs in LEO•Current MB-60 engine is higher performance than J-2

•Isp = 467 versus Isp = 420 for J-2•Required propellant = 10,120*.666*(420/467) = 6019 lbs•Payload to LLO = 10,120-6019 = 4101 lbs (extra 761#)

•Delta IV (5,4) can place 25,300 lbs in LEO•Propellant = 15,048 lbs•Payload to TLI = 10,252 lbs•Payload Ratio is .33

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Lunar Orbit Insertion

•Apollo Summary•Command Service Module/LEM weight at TLI = 100,369•LOI Propellant used = 12,011 lbs MMH/NTO•Apollo Isp = 318 versus Isp = 338 for RS-72•Fuel fraction = .112 ……. Payload fraction = .887

•Delta II (TLI = 4101 lbs) payload to LLO = 3,639 lbs

•Delta IV (5,4) (TLI = 10,252) payload to LLO = 9,099 lbs

•Payload Ratio is . 887


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Lunar LANDING

•Apollo Summary•LEM weight 33,205 (Apollo 11)•Descent Propellant used = 18,100 lbs MMH/NTO•Payload to Lunar Surface = 14,501 lbs ….•Apollo Isp = 318 versus Isp = 338 for RS-72•Apply to LEM weights, current fractions are …•Fuel fraction = .513 ……. Payload fraction = .487

•Delta II (LLO = 3639 lbs) payload to Lunar Surface = 1,772 lbs

•Delta IV (LLO = 9,099) payload to Lunar Surface = 4431 lbs !!!!

•Payload fraction = .487


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Summary of TLI, LOI, LL

•TLI fraction = .33 LOI fraction = .887•L Landing = .487

•Delta IV (5,4) puts 25,300 lbs in LEO

•Lands 4431 pounds on the surface = 17% Payload

•For our 8,800 pounds of … schtuff, we need 52,000 pounds of fuel

•@ $5,000 per pound, cost = $258,000,000


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Other Ideas

•Mars Rover Landing Bag

•Ion Propulsion

•ISP = 8,000 vs. 460 for LH2

•Fuel weight now 4,000 lbs

•Cost is $20,000,000

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IS THIS REALLY GOING TO HAPPEN ?

US South Pole Research Station

University of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center

http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/CEACresearch/International/004.htm

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What to do with Space Station PooUniversity of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center

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What to do with Space Station PooUniversity of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center

http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/CEACresearch/International/004.htm

Mars Simulation

Development Unit

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