what the other gulf war did to america

8/11/2019 What the Other Gulf War Did to America

1/19

THE NEW FEDERALIST February 25, 1991 Pages 6-7

Amer!a" A#ma"a!

A Grave Warning from the Voices Of the Past

What The Other 'Gulf War' Did to America

by A"$%" &'a$("

Left, General Winfield Scott leads US con!uest of "e#ico $it%, Se&temer

()*+ The unust "e#ican War did terrile damage to the cause of human

freedom

-ight, cartoon de&icting General .achar% Ta%lor, /ho invaded "e#ico under

orders from President 0ames Pol1

)Fr%m $'e 'a##s %* +%"$euma, $% $'e s'%res %* Tr%#) ./0S0 +ar"e&%rs 'ym"


2/19

Amer!as *rs$ *%reg" ar, $'e !%"3ues$ %* +e4!% 16-, as sm#ar "ma"y s$ar$#"g ays $% $'e !urre"$ ar aga"s$ Ira3 $'e b%#8 #es by $'e /0S0g%er"me"$: $'e ra!a# a"8 re#g%us !%"$em$ by $'e ars #a""ers: $'e)8ea#) $' $'e Eur%ea" $yra"$-emre0

I" $'a$ ear#er !%"*#!$, $'e /"$e8 S$a$es %* Amer!a $%%( &a#*%r"a a"8%$'er s$a$es *r%m +e4!%0 S% 's$%ra"s, ee" 'e" a8m$$"g $'e !rm"a#-$y %* $'e ar, !#am $'e /0S0A0 )g%$ aay $' $0)

;u$ a ree %* $'e *a!$s s'%s $'e horrible pricea8 by %ur "a$%" *%r $'smera#s$ a8e"$ure0

A 8e!a8e a*$er $'e +e4!a" War, $'e same mera# ar ar$y $ur"e8 $s gu"s%" $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, br%(e u $'e !%u"$ry, a"8 "ear#y 8es$r%ye8 $ $' $'eAmer!a" War0 A ge"era$%" #a$er, $'e ;r$s'-a##e8 mera# ar$y

see8 !%"$r%# %* Amer!as "8us$ry, *"a"!e, !u#$ure, a"8 g%er"me"$0 T'em%ra# 8e!#"e %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es 'as r%!ee8e8 r$ua##y u""$erru$e8s"!e $'e"0

T'e ar""g s $'ere, 'e$'er %r "%$ $'e eu'%r! Ramb%s !a" rea8 $0Imera# ar !%s$s "a$%"s $'er *ree8%m a"8 s%ereg"$y0 I* !%"$"ue8 $% $'e

%"$ %* ge"%!8e, $'%se '% e4e!u$e a"8 su%r$ $ are buy"g $'e 'ys!a#e"8 %* $'er "a$%"0

T'ere s a#s% a ray %* '%e0 ,??? /0S0 s%#8ers 8e80

A$ $'e $me, !r$!s !a##e8 $'e "as%" a #a"8 grab by S%u$'er"ers, see("g $%e4$e"8 $'e area %* b#a!( s#aery $% $'e S%u$' a"8 Wes$0 T'e /0S0 Pres8e"$,@ames 0 P%#(, as 'mse#* a Te""essee s#ae %"er0


3/19

Amer!a"s 'a8 re%us#y m%e8 "$% $'e +e4!a" s$a$e %* Te4as0 T'ey"$r%8u!e8 s#aery $'ere, $'%ug' +e4!% 'a8 ba""e8 $0 T'e" $'ey re%#$e8,a"8 a$$a!'e8 Te4as $% $'e /"$e8 S$a$es Bus$ r%r $% $'e +e4!a" War0

I$ as a#s% $rue $'a$ S%u$'er"ers, ar$!u#ar#y " $'e +ssss Ca##ey,

*#%!(e8 $% $'e re!ru$me"$ !e"$ers $% g% a"8 (## $'e +e4!a"s0 ;y !%"$ras$,$%8ays !ar%us Ramb% arr%rs are "%$ B%""g u0 T'e em$y re!ru$me"$!e"$ers sea( e#%3ue"$#y ab%u$ $'e 8e$' %* ub#! su%r$ *%r ;us's ar0

S%u$'er" s#ae-%""g *reemas%"s sa $'e a$$a!( %" +e4!a" &a$'%#!smas a %r$'y !rusa8e0 ;u$ $'er es ere s'are8 by !er$a" "%"-s#ae%"ers, $'e Ne E"g#a"8 m##%"ares, $'e ;%s$%" ;ra'm"s, '% 'e#8 $'e

ba#a"!e %* %er " $'e /"$e8 S$a$es a$ $'a$ $me0 T'er *%r$u"es ere ma8eu"8er ;r$s' Emre r%$e!$%", m%s$#y " $'e Asa" %um $ra8e0 S%me %*$'er #%%$ as "es$e8 " garme"$ ma"u*a!$ur"g0 S"!e $'e r%8u!e %*s#aery su#e8 $'er m##s, a"8 $'ey gu8e8 $'e W'g Par$y aay *r%m a"ya$$a!( %" s#aery, $'ey ere ("%" as $'e )&%$$%" W'gs0)

T'e +e4!a" War as a r%Be!$ %* $'ese Ne E"g#a"8 ge"$#eme", u"8er $'esuers%" %* $'er se"%r ar$"ers " L%"8%"0

As $'e 1?s bega", ;r$a" as a$ ar $' &'"a, bur""g !$es $% *%r!e$'e &'"ese $% #ega#e sa#e %* ;r$s' "ar!%$!s " $'er !%u"$ry0 A*$er &'"asurre"8ere8 $% ;r$a"s


4/19

The 2oston 2lueloods' $orru&t 2argain With 3m&erial 2ritain

P4AS5 (, ()*67 The 2ritish

rie US Secretar% of State

Daniel Wester, /ho gives a/a%

8 million acres of the state of"aine in the Wester9Ash9

urton Treat%

P4AS5 6, A&ril 6), ()*:7 The

USA agrees to give u&, to the

heavil% armed 2ritish 5m&ire,

the Pacific $oast from ;*


5/19

Webs$er r%%se8 $'a$ $'e /"$e8 S$a$es %u#8 aba"8%" m%s$ %* $'e $err$%ry%* $'e Pa!*! N%r$'es$0 T'e /"$e8 S$a$es %u#8 buy $'e #a"8 be$ee"Te4as a"8 &a#*%r"a, *r%m +e4!%0 H%eer, $'e /"$e8 S$a$es %u#8 "%$

ay $'e ur!'ase m%"ey $% +e4!%, bu$ 8re!$#y $% $'e H%use %* ;ar"g, $%'%m +e4!% su%se8#y %e8 5? m##%"

T's ar$!u#ar 8ea# *e## $'r%ug', s"!e +e4!% %u#8 "%$ ge aay 'a#* $s"a$%"a# $err$%ry0 I$s !$e"s %u#8 'ae $% be s#aug'$ere8 be*%re $'e #a"8%u#8 be surre"8ere80

Stealing the Presidenc%

T'e /0S0 res8e"$a# e#e!$%"s %* N%ember 1, $$e8 W'g #ea8er He"ryay, a "a$%"a#s$ %%"e"$ %* mera#sm, aga"s$ Dem%!ra$ @ames "%4P%#(, a" mera#s$ a"8 a8mrer %* ;r$s' *ree $ra8e $'e%res0 P%#(s *am%us

!amag" s#%ga" as )5-?, %r *g'$0) T's as a #e8ge $% ma(e $'a$#a$$u8e, Bus$ be#% A#as(a, $'e b%u"8ary be$ee" $'e es$er" /"$e8 S$a$esa"8 $'e ;r$s' !%#%"y %* &a"a8a, %r $% *g'$ $'e ;r$s' *%r $0 Rea8 +yLs

E#e!$%" #es as8e, $'e res8e"!y as sm#y s$%#e"0 I" =e%rga, Pe""sy#-a"a, a"8 Ne J%r(, P%#(s ga"gs$er ba!(ers se"$ m%"$'s a"8 #arge *%r-$u"es *a#s*y"g $'e %$er r%##s0 T'e m%s$ !e#ebra$e8 *rau8 as " L%usa"a

.!e#ebra$e8 $% $'s 8ay as a grea$ )B%(e) by $'e Eas$er" Es$ab#s'me"$0Ne J%r(erJohn Slidell as a e$era" %era$e %* $'e ;r$s'-a##e8 %#$-

!a# ma!'"e %rg"a$e8 by Aar%" ;urr0 S#8e##, B%"e8 " a!$%" by brbe8Bu8ges a"8 ub#! %**!ers, brae"#y #e8 'u"8re8s %* L%usa"a"s *r%m %"e%##"g #a!e $% a"%$'er0 Ea!' $me $'ey %$e8, $'er ba##%$s ere %e"e8 $%ma(e sure $'ey ere *%r P%#(, be*%re be"g 8e%s$e80

Des$e a## $'s, ay as %"#y "arr%#y 8e*ea$e80

The War Part% in Po/er

@ames 0 P%#( as "augura$e8 /0S0 Pres8e"$ %" +ar!' , 150 +e4!%

br%(e %** 8#%ma$! re#a$%"s $' /"$e8 S$a$es 2 8ays #a$er, r%$es$"g $'e!%"$"ue8 /0S0 #egs#a$e m%$%" $%ar8 a""e4a$%" %* Te4as0


6/19

A$ $'a$ $me, Te4as as "%$ #ega##y a ar$ %* $'e /0S0A0, a"8 $'e *ar$'es$e4$e"$ %* Te4as se$$#eme"$s as 1?? m#es "%r$' %* $'e R% =ra"8e, a$ $'e

Nue!es Rer0

N"e 8ays #a$er, se!re$ "s$ru!$%"s ere se"$ $% &%mm%8%re @%'" S#%a$,

!%mma"8er %* $'e Pa!*! F#ee$ )I* y%u as!er$a" $' !er$a"$y $'a$ +e4!%'as 8e!#are8 ar aga"s$ $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, y%u ## a$ %"!e %ssess y%urse#*%* $'e *%r$ %* Sa"M Fra"!s!%, a"8 b#%!(a8e a"8 %!!uy su!' %$'er %r$s asy%ur *%r!e may erm$0)

T'e "e a8m"s$ra$%" as er*e!$#y aare %* $'e #%!a$%" %* $'e Te4asb%r8er0 Se!re$ary %* War W##am +ar!y r%$e %" @u#y , 15 $% =e"era#Tay#%r )T's 8ear$me"$ s "*%rme8 $'a$ +e4!% 'as s%me m#$aryes$ab#s'me"$s %" $'e eas$ s8e 0e0 eas$ a"8 "%r$'M %* $'e R% =ra"8e, '!'are, a"8 *%r s%me $me as$ 'ae bee", " $'e a!$ua# %!!ua$%" %* 'er$r%%s) a"8 $'a$ Tay#%r s'%u#8 "%$ m%#es$ $'ese +e4!a" %s$s )s% #%"g as$'e re#a$%"s %* ea!e be$ee" $'e /"$e8 S$a$es a"8 +e4!% !%"$"ue0)

T'e /"$e8 S$a$es as a#s% aare $'a$ +e4!% 'a8 "% "$e"$%" %* $'rea$e"-"g a"y Amer!a" "$eres$s0

Se!re$ary %* War +ar!y r%$e $% =e"era# Tay#%r

rese"$ be ma8e by +e4!% $% "a8e Te4as, a#$'%ug' s'e !%"$"ues $%$'rea$e" "!urs%"s0) W$' $'ese !%"$ra8!$%ry messages, =e"era# Tay#%r

'a#$e8 's $r%%s a$ &%rus &'rs$ %" $'e Nue!es Rer, $'e #%"g-es$ab#s'e8s%u$'er" b%r8er %* Te4as0

Slidell's "ission of Death

Frau8 mas$er @%'" S#8e##, a !#%se ass%!a$e %* Se!re$ary %* S$a$e @ames;u!'a"a", as se"$ $% +e4!% %" N%ember 1?, 150 Hs mss%" asu"8ers$%%8 " b%$' !%u"$res as a ar r%%!a$%"0 S#8e## as $'e )@ames;a(er III) %* $'e +e4!a" War0

T'e /0S0 !%"su# " +e4!% &$y 'a8 as(e8 $'e +e4!a" g%er"me"$ 'e$'er$'ey )%u#8 re!ee a" E"%y *r%m $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, e"$rus$e8 $' *u##%ers $% a8Bus$ a## 3ues$%"s " 8su$e be$ee" $'e $% g%er"me"$s0)+e4!%s Se!re$ary %* S$a$e 'a8 re#e8 " m8-


7/19

8su$e '!', *r%m $'e +e4!a" s$a"8%"$, mea"$ $'e 8su$e %er Te4asM" a ea!e*u#, reas%"ab#e a"8 '%"%rab#e ma""er0)

S#8e## #a"8e8 a$ Cera &ru De!ember >, 150 +e4!%s Se!re$ary %* S$a$eas(e8 $'a$ S#8e## %s$%"e 's aeara"!e " +e4!% &$y u"$# @a"uary0

T'e +e4!a" g%er"me"$ as 8e#y !%"s8ere8 $ra$%r%us *%r e"$er"g "$%"eg%$a$%"s $' $'e Ja"(ees, a"8 a #$$#e $me as "ee8e8 $% reare ub#!%"%"0

T'e !%"$em$u%us S#8e## arre8 " +e4!% &$y $'ree 8ays #a$er, %"De!ember 60 S#8e## a""%u"!e8 's arra#, a"8 8ema"8e8 $% be re!ee8 asa *u## ambassa8%r0 He as $%#8 $'a$, 8es$e $'e *a!$ $'a$ 'e !ame as ares8e"$ m"s$er, a"8 "%$ as a !%mmss%"er, $% $rea$ %* Te4as, as ase4e!$e8, 's re3ues$ 'a8 bee" subm$$e8 $% $'e &%u"!# %* =%er"me"$0 Ass%%" as $'e !%u"!# re%r$e8 ba!(, a" a"ser %u#8 be se"$0 +e4!%sSe!re$ary %* S$a$e r%$e $% $'e /0S0 !%"su#, $'a$ $'e +e4!a" =%er"me"$$se#* )as e## 8s%se8 $% arra"ge a## 8**!u#$es0)

T'ere as a"%$'er sm#ar e4!'a"ge %" De!ember 15 a"8 16, " '!'S#8e## #e8 $'a$ )'e s "e!essar#y g"%ra"$ %* $'e reas%"s '!' 'ae !ause8s% #%"g a 8e#ay,) a"8 $'e +e4!a"s res%"8e8 s%%$'"g#y0


8/19

+e4!% as $'e" ba"(ru$, 'a8 7- m##%" "'ab$a"$s, a"8 "% "ay0 Te4as,'!' 'a8 bee" $a(e" *r%m +e4!% " 1>6, 'a8 bee" a$ ea!e *%r $e" years0

, 16, ab%u$ ;r$a"s 'uge "aa# armame"$

r%gram, a"8 $'e r%se!$s *%r ar aga"s$ $'e /"$e8 S$a$es )L%r8 Aber-8ee" $'e ;r$s' F%reg" Se!re$aryM sa8 0 0 0 $'ey ere %b#ge8 $% #%%( $% $'e

%ssb#$y %* a ru$ure $' $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, a"8 $'a$ " su!' a !rss $'ear#(e reara$%"s "% " $'e ma("g %u#8 be use*u# a"8 m%r$a"$0)

T'e !%"$es$ ar%u"8 $'e &%#umba Rer as be$ee" Amer!a" se$$#ers a"8;r$a"s Hu8s%" ;ay &%ma"y0 Amer!a" mss%"ary +ar!us W'$ma"

as !arry"g %" mass e8u!a$%" %* $'e "a$e I"8a"s, rear"g $'em *%r"$egra$%" a"8 *u## rg'$s " $'e !#a$%" a8a"!"g es$ar80 T'eHu8s%" ;ay &%ma"y %rga"e8 I"8a"s "$% a" arme8 )aga" ar$y,) $%

ree"$ a"y se$$#eme"$ %* $'e N%r$'es$0 T'e *urs '!' $'e !%ma"y$rae8 ere se"$ $% &'"a, a"8 s%#8 $% $'e ea#$'y as a s8e#"e $% $'e%um $ra8e0

Hs$%ra"s $%8ay $a(e $'e s8e %* $'e ;r$s' aga"-ma"u#a$%rs: %r $'eysu%r$ P%#( a"8 's me"$%r A"8re @a!(s%", '% $'%ug'$ I"8a"s s'%u#8e$'er s$e as8e %r be (##e80


9/19

We a"$ $% *u#*## $'e !%mma"8s %* A#mg'$y =%8, $% "!rease a"8mu#$#y, a"8 re#e"s', a"8 S/;D/E $'e ear$'0 ;r$a" a"$s $'%se#a"8sM *%r "% '%"es$ ur%se %* 'er %"0 S'e a"$s $'em $% !'e!(,a"8 !%"$r%# a"8 8e*ea$ $'e r%gress %* %ur r%ser$y0 0 0 0 S'e a"$s$'em $% ree"$ $'e !%"ers%" %* $'em *r%m a #8er"ess %* saage'u"$ers $% a !u#$a$e8 #a"8 %* !#e8 &'rs$a" me"0 0 0 0 SM'e!#ams a!!ess%" *r%m us %* 7?? m#es %* sea s'%re %" $'e N%r$'es$&%as$ %* %ur %" &%"$"e"$ 0 0 0 $% "%$ %"e "!' %* '!' s'e 'as a"y$$#e 'a$eer0 T% $'s !%mr%mse 0 0 0 $ !a" "eer be ye#8e8 $' my!%"se"$0

A$ $'e "$r%8u!$%" %* 's res%#u$%" %" $'e N%r$'es$ $err$%ry, A8ams8re!$e8 $'e !#er( %* $'e H%use %* Rerese"$a$es $% rea8 a#%u8 erses 26-2%* $'e *rs$ !'a$er %* =e"ess, $% s'% '% =%8 a"$e8 ma" $% use $'e

ear$'0@00 A8ams %u#8 "% 8%ub$ ma(e $'e F;Is m%s$ a"$e8 #s$ as a" e4$rems$" $%8ays %#$!a# se$u0


10/19

@ings had al/a%s een involving and im&overishing their &eo&le in

/ars This, our B$onstitutionalC $onvention understood to e the

most o&&ressive of all ingl% o&&ressions and the% resolved to so

frame the $onstitution that no one man should hold the &o/er of

ringing this o&&ression u&on us@

.Abra'am L"!%#", #e$$er $% 's #a ar$"er, 1

@"r Lincoln thought the &rinci&al motive for the act, /as to divert

&ulic attention from the surrender of 'Eift%9four, fort%, or fight' to

Great 2ritain, on the Oregon oundar% !uestion@

.Abra'am L"!%#", !amag" au$%b%gra'y, 16?

Eormer President 0ohn Fuinc% Adams and future President Araham Lin9

coln led o&&osition to the illegal /ar against "e#ico Their grave /arnings

must e heard toda%, if the USA is to e s&ared destruction


11/19

T'e ;r$s' ere "% $% a!!%m#s' 'a$ a## $'er bu##e$s a"8 b%mbs !%u#8"%$ 8% " $'e Re%#u$%"ary War %r $'e War %* 112 T'e /0S0A0, as areub#!, %u#8 8saear *r%m $'e sg'$ %* $'e %r#80 I" $s #a!e %u#8emerge a" mera#, A"g#%-Sa4%" a8Bu"!$ $% $'e Eur%ea" sys$em %*emres0 T'e mage a"8 !%"!e$ %* $'e reub#!, s% *eare8 by $'e %#gar!'s,%u#8 s# aay *r%m 'uma"$ys m"8, $% be!%me a #ay$'"g %* !y"!a#8emag%gues0

W'e" "es %* $'e /0S0 a$$a!( aga"s$ +e4!% rea!'e8 L%r8 As'bur$%" ba!(" E"g#a"8, $'e ;ar"g ;a"( !'e*, $' a smr(, !%"gra$u#a$e8 $'e Amer!a"Ambassa8%r $' $'e %r8s "You are the lords of Mexico!"

Under $over of Lies

? 0m0 I$ as agree8$'a$ a ar message s'%u#8 be 8e#ere8 +ay 11, $' e"$re#y "e reas%"s*%r $'e ar


12/19

A b## re3ues$e8 by $'e Pres8e"$ as $'e" u$ u be*%re $'e H%use, $sreamb#e #y"g $'a$ $'a$ $'e ar as s$ar$e8 by $'e a!$ %* +e4!%0 A*$er aea( r%$es$ aga"s$ $'e reamb#e, 8eba$e as *%r!e8 !#%se8 by $'e )gagru#e,) $'e ru#e "e"$e8 $% s$% !%"gressme" *r%m !r$!"g %r ee"8s!uss"g $'e 3ues$%" %* b#a!( !'a$$e# s#aery0

T'e b## )re!%g""g $'e e4s$e"!e) %* ar-"%$ 8e!#ar"g $.as asse8 17$% 10 I$ r%8e8 *%r 5?,??? s%#8ers a"8 1? m##%"0

T's as a 8ar(#y s'ame*u# 8ay *%r Amer!a0 Pres8e"$ P%#( e4#a"e8 $% &%"gress, %" De!ember , 16 )T'e ar 'as"%$ bee" age8 $' a e $% !%"3ues$0)

Desertion 2etter Than "urder


13/19

Ee" be*%re $'e )%**!a#) s$ar$ %* $'e ar, s%#8ers ser"g $' =e"era#Tay#%r $re8 $% 8eser$ by smm"g a!r%ss $'e R% =ra"8e0 T'ey ere!aug'$ a"8 s'%$ %" $'e s%$ $'%u$ $ra#s0


14/19

-acist &oster as1s volunteers for a regiment led % im&erial strategist $ale

$ushing Anti9/ar activit% is slandered as @Tor%ism@falsel% lin1ing them

to the &ro92ritish @Tories@ /ho o&&osed the defensive War of ()(6

Alcoholic, an1ru&t US Secretar% of State Daniel Wester, &rivatel% &aid %

the 2ritish 2aring an1, etra%ed the United States, and negotiated sei>ure of"e#ican territor%

As "eg%$a$%"s bega" *%r a ea!e $rea$y, $'e %%s$%" $% $'e ar *#are8 u" &%"gress0


15/19

Se!%"80 W'e$'er $'a$ s%$ s %r s "%$ $'" $'e $err$%ry '!' asres$e8 *r%m Sa" by $'e re%#u$%"ary g%er"me"$ %* +e4!%0

T'r80 W'e$'er $'a$ s%$ s %r s "%$ $'" a se$$#eme"$ %* e%#e,'!' se$$#eme"$ 'as e4s$e8 eer s"!e #%"g be*%re $'e Te4as

Re%#u$%" a"8 u"$# $s "'ab$a"$s *#e8 be*%re $'e ar%a!' %* $'e/"$e8 S$a$es army0

F%ur$'0 W'e$'er $'a$ se$$#eme"$ s %r s "%$ s%#a$e8 *r%m a"y a"8 a##%$'er se$$#eme"$ by $'e =u#* a"8 $'e R% =ra"8e %" $'e s%u$' a"8es$, a"8 by 8e u""'ab$e8 reg%"s " $'e "%r$' a"8 eas$0

F*$'0 W'e$'er $'e e%#e %* $'a$ se$$#eme"$, %r a maB%r$y %* $'em, %ra"y %* $'em, 'ae eer subm$$e8 $'emse#es $% $'e g%er"me"$ %r#as %* Te4as %r %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, by !%"se"$ %r by !%mu#s%",

e$'er by a!!e$"g %**!e, %r %$"g a$ e#e!$%"s, %r ay"g $a4, %rser"g %" Bures, %r 'a"g r%!ess sere8 %" $'em, %r " a"y %$'eray0

S4$'0 W'e$'er $'e e%#e %* $'a$ se$$#eme"$ 88 %r 88 "%$ *#ee *r%m$'e ar%a!' %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es army, #ea"g u"r%$e!$e8 $'er'%mes a"8 $'er gr%"g !r%s, before $'e b#%%8 as s'e8, as " $'emessages s$a$e8: a"8 'e$'er $'e *rs$ b#%%8 s% s'e8 as %r as "%$s'e8 $'" $'e e"!#%sure %* %"e %* $'e e%#e '% 'a8 $'us *#e8 *r%m$0

See"$'0 W'e$'er %ur !$e"s '%se b#%%8 as s'e8, as " 'smessages 8e!#are8, ere %r ere "%$ a$ $'a$ $me arme8 %**!ers a"8s%#8ers, se"$ "$% $'a$ se$$#eme"$ by $'e m#$ary %r8er %* $'ePres8e"$, $'r%ug' $'e Se!re$ary %* War0

Eg'$'0 W'e$'er $'e m#$ary *%r!e %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es as %r as "%$s% se"$ "$% $'a$ se$$#eme"$ a*$er =e"era# Ka!'aryM Tay#%r 'a8 m%re$'a" %"!e "$ma$e8 $% $'e War Dear$me"$ $'a$ " 's %"%" "% su!'m%eme"$ as "e!essary $% $'e 8e*e"se %r r%$e!$%" %* Te4as0

F%ur 8ays a*$er L"!%#" "$r%8u!e8 's *am%us )s%$ res%#u$%",) @%'" 0A8ams r%$e ab%u$ $'e e# re!e8e"$ se$ by $'e !%ar8!e %* $'e /0S0&%"gress

T'eM 8esg" a"8 ur%se $% 8smember +e4!% 0 0 0 'as " my %"%"bee" 'a$ my %#8 !%##eague &a#eb &us'"g !a##s a )*4e8 *a!$) a$ #eas$


16/19

s"!e $'e year 1>?, a"8 'as bee" ursue8 by mea"s, '!' gae $%+e4!% *r%m $'a$ $me am#e !ause %* War " se#* 8e*e"se aga"s$ $'e/"$e8 S$a$es0 0 0 0

T'e /0S0 "as%" %* +e4!%M as War u"-r%!#ame8, a"8 $'e War

'as "eer $% $'s 8ay bee" 8e!#are8 by $'e &%"gress %* $'e /"$e8S$a$es, a!!%r8"g $% $'e &%"s$$u$%"0 I$ 'as bee" re!%g"e8 ase4s$"g by $'e a!$ %* +e4!%, " 8re!$ a"8 "%$%r%us %#a$%" %* $'e$ru$'0

T'e m%s$ m%r$a"$ !%"!#us%" *r%m a## $'s, " my m"8, s $'e *a#ure%* $'a$ r%s%" " $'e &%"s$$u$%" 0 0 0 $'a$ $'e %er %* 8e!#ar"gWar, s ge" e4!#use#y $% &%"gress0 I$ s "% es$ab#s'e8 as a"rreersb#e re!e8e"$ $'a$ $'e Pres8e"$ %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es 'as bu$ $%8e!#are $'a$ War e4s$s, $' a"y Na$%" u%" Ear$', by $'e a!$ %* $'a$

Na$%"s =%er"me"$, a"8 $'e War s esse"$a##y 8e!#are80

T'e m%s$ remar(ab#e !r!ums$a"!e %* $'ese $ra"sa!$%"s s, $'a$ $'eWar $'us ma8e 'as bee" sa"!$%"e8 by a" %er'e#m"g maB%r$y %*

b%$' H%uses %* &%"gress, a"8 s "% sus$a"e8 by sm#ar maB%r$es,r%*ess"g $% 8sar%e $s e4s$e"!e, a"8 r%"%u"!"g $ u""e!essarya"8 u"Bus$0

I$ s "%$ 8**!u#$ $% *%resee 'a$ $s u#$ma$e ssue ## be $% $'e e%#e%* +e4!%, bu$ 'a$ $ ## be $% $'e Pe%#e %* $'e /"$e8 S$a$es, s

bey%"8 my *%resg'$, a"8 I $ur" my eyes aay *r%m $0

Pr%"g A8ams rg'$, $'e H%use, '!' 'a8 %$e8 " s#e"!e $% sa"!$%" $'ebeg"""g %* $'e ar, "% %$e8 $'e %%s$e ay0 , 1, $'eH%use %* Rerese"$a$es asse8 a res%#u$%" $'a$ $'e "war[was] unneces-

saril and unconstitutionall begun b the resident of the nited States#"

T'e a"$-ar res%#u$%" asse8 5 $% 10 Am%"g $'%se %$"g $% !%"8em"$'e ar ere @%'" 0 A8ams %* +assa!'use$$s, $'e *%rmer /0S0 Pres8e"$a"8 au$'%r %* $'e a"$-mera#s$ +%"r%e D%!$r"e, a"8 &%"gressma" a"8*u$ure Pres8e"$ Abra'am L"!%#"0


17/19

%#a$%" %* $'e &%"s$$u$%", !r%ss $'e #"e, a"8 in%ade $'e $err$%ry %*a"%$'er !%u"$ry: a"8 $'a$ 'e$'er su!' necessit e4s$s " a"y ge"!ase, $'e Pres8e"$ s $% be $'esoleBu8ge0

A##% $'e Pres8e"$ $% "a8e a "eg'b%r"g "a$%", 'e"eer 'eshall

dee& it necessar to repel an in%asion$ and ou allow hi& to do so$whene%er he &a choose to sa 'e 8eems $ "e!essary *%r su!' ur-

%se.a"8 y%u a##% 'm $% ma(e ar a$ #easure0 S$u8y $% see *y%u !a" *4 an li&it $% 's %er " $'s rese!$, a*$er y%u 'ae ge"'m s% mu!' as y%u r%%se0 I*, $%-8ay, 'e s'%u#8 !'%%se $% say 'e$'"(s $ "e!essary $% "a8e &a"a8a, $% ree"$ $'e ;r$s' *r%m"a8"g us, '% !%u#8 y%u s$% 'm J%u may say, )I see "% r%ba-

b#$y %* $'e ;r$s' "a8"g us) bu$ 'e ## say $% y%u )be s#e"$: Isee $, * y%u 8%"$0)

T'e r%s%" %* $'e &%"s$$u$%" g"g $'e ar-ma("g %er $%&%"gress, as 8!$a$e8, as I u"8ers$a"8 $, by $'e *%##%"g reas%"s0"gs 'a8 a#ays bee" "%#"g a"8 m%ers'"g $'er e%#e "ars, re$e"8"g ge"era##y, * "%$ a#ays, $'a$ $'e g%%8 %* $'e e%#eas $'e %bBe!$0 T's, %ur &%"s$$u$%"a#M &%"e"$%" u"8ers$%%8 $% be$'e m%s$ %resse %* a## "g#y %ress%"s: a"8 $'ey res%#e8 $% s%*rame $'e &%"s$$u$%" $'a$ no one &an s'%u#8 '%#8 $'e %er %*

br"g"g $'s %ress%" u%" us0 ;u$ y%ur e 8es$r%ys $'e '%#ema$$er, a"8 #a!es %ur Pres8e"$ 'ere ("gs 'ae a#ays s$%%80

Wr$e s%%" aga"0 J%urs $ru#y, sg"e8M A0 L"!%#"0

Ear#er, Se"a$%r T'%mas &%r" %*


18/19

5&ilogue7 Pa%ing the Price

Abra'am L"!%#" !ame u"8er 'eay %#$!a# a$$a!( *%r 's #ea8ers' %* $'ea"$-ar m%eme"$0 He as 8e"%u"!e8 as a $ra$%r, a"8 as %"#y ea(#y8e*e"8e8 by 's *re"8s0

L"!%#" !%u#8 "%$ ru" aga" *%r &%"gress, a"8 8r%e8 %u$ %* %#$!s: 'e%" "% %$'er %**!e, u"$# 's e#e!$%" $% $'e res8e"!y0 L"!%#" se"$ $'e"e4$ *e years s$u8y"g 's$%ry, %e$ry, ma$'ema$!s, as$r%"%my a"8 8rama,

rear"g 'mse#* *%r $'e grea$ !rss 'e ("e $'e m-era#s$s %u#8!rea$e0M

W'e" 'e as a !a"88a$e *%r $'e res8e"!y, " 16?, L"!%#" r%$e a s'%r$au$%b%gra'y, " '!' 'e summe8 u $'e %#$!a# 8sas$er %* $'e +e4!a"War )+r0 L0 $'%ug'$ $'e a!$ %* se"8"g a" arme8 *%r!e am%"g $'e +e4-

!a"s, as unnecessar$ "asmu!' as +e4!% as " "% ay m%#es$"g, %rme"a!"g $'e /0S0 %r $'e e%#e $'ere%*: a"8 $'a$ $ as unconstitutional$

be!ause $'e %er %* #ey"g ar s es$e8 " &%"gress, a"8 "%$ " $'ePres8e"$0 He $'%ug'$ $'e r"!a# m%$e *%r $'e a!$, as $% 8er$ ub#!a$$e"$%" *r%m $'e surre"8er %* F*$y-*%ur, *%r$y, %r *g'$ $% =rea$ ;r$a", %"$'e


19/19

T'e $% reub#!s sure80 ;u$ $'e +e4!a" War 'a8 se$ a a$$er" *%r $'e%er %* mera# *"a"!ers %er Amer!a" %#!y0

T'e /"$e8 S$a$es %* Amer!a s be!%m"g, " February 1991, a ara'am%"g !#e8 'uma"$y0 I* $ s $% be ree8, as a ab#e r%Be!$ be*%re $s

*"a# 8es$ru!$%", $'e "a$%" ## 'ae $% #s$e" aga" $% $'e a"$-mera#ar""gs %* $s grea$es$ "a$%"a# #ea8ers0

what the other gulf war did to america

Documents