what makes stakeholder and public participation work?
TRANSCRIPT
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What makes participation work?
Mark Reed
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How we can better involve people in the co-generation of new ideas that can help solve major global challenges like food security, land degradation and climate change?
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• Do we have a right to be involved?
• Do we get better decisions?
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Why do some participatory processes work and some fail?
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The wheel of participation: an alternative typology to Arnstein’s ladder
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(Arnstein, 1969)
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(Reed et al., in press)
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A theory of participation
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variables that can explain why participation works or fails in any given context 4
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ContextDesignPowerScale
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Socio-economic, cultural and institutional contexts that can really influence the outcomes of participation
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There are a number of process
design variables that can increase the likelihood that participation leads to desired outcomes, across pretty much any context
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Effectiveness of participation is significantly influenced by
power dynamics, the values of participants and the way they construct and consider valid knowledge
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Participatory processes work differently and can lead to different outcomes when they operate over different spatial and temporal scales
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(Reed et al., in press)
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Implications for practice
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Implications for practice5
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Take time to fully understand local context to determine the appropriate type of participatory approach and adapt its design to the context1
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Get all affected parties involved in dialogue as soon as possible, to develop shared goals and co-produce outcomes based on the most relevant sources of knowledge
2
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Manage power dynamics, so every participant’s contribution is valued and all have an equal opportunity to contribute3
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Match the length and frequency of engagement to the goals of the process, recognising that changes in deeply held values (that may be at the root of a conflict) are likely to take longer than changes in preferences
4
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Match the representation of stakeholder interests and decision-making power to the spatial scale of the issues being considered
5
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1. Understand and adapt to context2. Engage early to develop shared
goals and co-produce jointly owned outcomes
3. Actively manage power dynamics4. Match the length and frequency of
engagement to your goals5. Represent interests and decision-
makers relevant to the spatial scale of the issue