what led to the rise & fall of the olmec, mayan, aztec...
TRANSCRIPT
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■Essential Question: –What led to the rise & fall of the
Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, & Inca Empires in America?
■Warm-Up Question: –Read the Big Picture section of the
Unit 5 Organizer & answer these Qs •While Western Europe was in the
Middle Ages, what was going on in North America?
•Why are the Mongols important?
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The Civilizations of America While classical civilizations
were developing in the Mediterranean & Asia…
…advanced societies were developing in
isolation in the Americas
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Title
■ Text
During the Ice Age, prehistoric nomads migrated
across the land bridge between Asia & America
During the Neolithic Revolution, these
nomads settled into farming villages; Some
of which became advanced civilizations
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The Olmecs
The first American civilization were people known as the Olmec in an area known as Mesoamerica
The Olmecs are often called the “mother
culture” because they influenced other
Mesoamerican societies
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The Olmecs The Olmecs developed a strong trade network in Mesoamerica that brought them great wealth
The Olmecs used their wealth to build large stone monuments & pyramids to honor their leaders & gods
Olmec trade allowed them to spread their
culture to other Mesoamericans
For unknown reasons, the Olmec civilization declined by 400 B.C.
but their cities & symbols influenced
later cultures, especially the Mayans
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The Mayans While the Olmecs were in decline around 400 B.C.,
the Mayans were evolving & borrowed many Olmec ideas
Government: Mayans were divided into
individual city-states ruled by king-gods
Economy: The Mayan economy was based on trade & farming maize, beans
Raised farm beds in marshes & slash-burn farming
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The Mayans Society: (1) Kings (dynasties) (2) Nobles, priests (3) warriors (4) Merchants, artisans (5) Peasants
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The Mayans
Religion: Mayans were polytheistic & offered their blood, food, &
sometimes human sacrifices to please the gods
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Technology: Mayans invented a writing based on pictures called glyphs, an accurate 365-day calendar,
& advanced temples
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The Mayans
Around 800 A.D., the Mayans mysteriously declined perhaps due to warfare among Mayan
city-states & over-farming
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The Aztecs After the decline of the Mayans, the Aztecs were developing in present-day Mexico
Around 1200, Aztecs arrived in Mexico &
built their city Tenochtitlan in 1325
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Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
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The Aztecs Government: The Aztecs formed a massive empire, controlled it through 38 provinces, & received tribute from conquered peoples
Economy: They survived on tribute & farming; They built “floating
gardens” (chinampas)
Society: (1) Kings (2) Nobility
(3) Commoners (4) Slaves
Religion: Aztecs worshipped many gods, especially the sun
god & made thousands of human sacrifices each year
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Technology: Like the Mayans, the Aztecs developed an accurate calendar & built advanced temples
Aztec sunstones
contained a lot of information!
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The Aztecs
Around 1500 A.D., the Aztecs began to decline; A century of brutal rule over the provinces &
millions of human sacrifices led to revolts
But, the true demise of the Aztecs came when the
Spanish discovered America & conquered the Aztecs
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The Incas While the Aztecs ruled Mexico, the Incas began to dominate
the area of the Andes Mountains of South America
Many Incan cities like Machu Picchu & Cuzcu were built in the mountains
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The Incas
■?
Government: Like the Aztecs, the Incas built a vast empire which
included 80 provinces But, the Incas ruled
with tolerance & unified their empire
with roads, schools, & a common language
Economy: The Incan gov’t controlled the
economy & required all citizens to farm for the
good of the empire
Society: (1) King (2) Nobility
(3) Ayllu (commoners)
Religion: The Inca were polytheistic &
offered llamas & food (but not
humans) to the gods
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Technology: Inca innovations included quipu, a means of record keeping involving knotted ropes as well as an extensive system of roads & suspension bridges
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The Incas
■? In the 1520s, a civil war
divided & weakened the Incan Empire; Ten
years later Spanish conquistadors
conquered the empire
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Closure Activity: Which American Society? ■ Can you distinguish among the early
societies of America? –Examine the descriptions on the back of
your notes –Place the number of each descriptor
into one or more parts of the chart –Be prepared to share your answers
Olmec Mayan Aztec Inca
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■Essential Question: –What led to the rise & fall of the
Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, & Inca Empires in America?
■Warm-Up Question: –Why are the Olmecs called the
“mother culture” of Mesoamerica? –How did the Aztecs & Incas rule
their large empires?
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Achievements of American Civilizations ■Part 1 – Read the information on the
achievements of the Mayans, Aztecs, & Incas & take notes in Part 1 of your handout.
■Part 2 – Visit the artifact stations. Analyze and identify ONE artifact from each station that corresponds to the civilization you just read about. Write the letter of each artifact you selected in three of the “pedestals” in Part 2 of your handout. Label what the artifact is.
■Part 3 – Complete the statement in Part 3 of your handout.
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Artifact A Artifact B
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Artifact D
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Artifact G
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ANSWERS FOR THE MAYANS
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ANSWERS FOR THE AZTECS
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ANSWERS FOR THE INCAS