What is your perception of the Instructional Design &

Technology field?

What is the field of instructional technology? This is a difficult question to answer because the field is constantly changing. New ideas and innovations affect the practices of individuals in the field, changing—often broadening—the scope of their work.

-Reiser& Dempsey

Audiovisual Instruction

Audiovisual Communications

Educational Technology

Instructional Technology

Also known as:

Educational films and visual instruction

movement

Before 1920’s:

1920s-1950s:

Audiovisual instruction, television, etc

Instructional technology as a process

1960s-1970s:

Lumsdaine (1964) – application of scientific principles as well as equipment for presenting instructional materials

Finn (1960) – instructional problems

“…study of the unique and relative

strengths and weaknesses of both

pictorial and nonrepresentational

messages which may be employed in the

learning process”

(key is emphasis on learning rather than instruction)

1963 AECT Definition of the Field

1977 AECT attempt to define the field again

“…complex, integrated process involving

people, procedures, ideas, devices and

organization for analyzing problems and

implementing solutions involved in all

aspects of human learning”

movement from behaviorist to cognitive

and constructivist learning theories

1977 –mid 90s

“Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.”

-Seels & Richey, 1994

…yet another definition

Instructional design is the systematic

approach to the Analysis, Design,

Development, Implementation, and

Evaluation of learning materials and

activities.

What is Instructional Design according to Reiser & Dempsey?

an iterative instructional design processAD

DIE

Difference between Lesson Planning and Instructional Design

Content versus Goals

Mental versus Written

Teaching versus Learning principles

Personal versus Systematic

Focus

Format

Basis

Process

A classic example of performing an ID task systematically, including 10 elements:

The Morrison, Ross & Kemp Model (no specific sequence, each element may be addressed at any time during the ID process):

Psychological foundations of ID

• Behavior Learning Theory• Cognitive Information Processing Theory• Schema and Cognitive Load Theory• Situated Learning Theory• Constructivism

Contrasting Design Frameworks

Objectivism Constructivism

Knowledge exists independent of the learner; there is an absolute truth

Knowledge constructed by the learner; truth is contextual

Arrange conditions to promote specific goals

Provide a rich context for negotiation and meaning construction

Transfer knowledge from outside to inside the learner

Guide the learner in constructing knowledge