what is this picture showing?. ottoman empire location: modern middle east
TRANSCRIPT
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What is this picture showing?
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Ottoman Empire
Location: Modern Middle East
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Where did the Ottomans come from?
• Name came from “Osman,” a leader of a western Anatolian nomadic group who began expansionistic moves in the 14th century.
• Gradually these nomads took over Anatolia and became the border between Islam and Byzantine Christian
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Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481)
• Was one of the greatest Sultans
• Called the Fatih (the Conqueror)
• During his rule all of Turkey/Anatolia was brought under his control and the Byzantine Empire was defeated
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Constantinople • The location gave it
protection of the eastern frontier
• Crossroads of trade thus a center of trade
• Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors
• Seat of the Byzantine Empire until…
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Listen to the account of the attack on Constantinople and draw the most
graphic scene
Video: http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/fall-of-constantinople
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• The Conquest of Constantinople = the Imperial phase of the Ottomans
• Constantinople was renamed Istanbul–Mehmet II cleaned
up the city and began many building mosques, markets, water fountains, baths, and other public facilities
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• Mehmet II encouraged people to move to Istanbul– Bribed people from the Ottoman
territories with homes and jobs
The Grand Bazzar
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Topkapi Palace
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• For the next 200 years the Ottomans will be a significant power in the Middle East– The Empire will continually expand and
exist on 3 different continents
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Most Famous Leader
• Suleiman the “Lawgiver”– Reformed the
government– Balanced the
budget– Reinforced
Islamic law
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• Suleiman the “Magnificent”– Grandeur of his court– Built palaces,
mosques, schools, libraries, hospitals, roads, bridges, etc.
– Cultural explosion (pax Ottomanica) – literary, artistic, and scientific achievements
– Pasha Sinan – Suleiman’s Architect
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“Blue” Mosque
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The Sultan’s Bedchamber
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Hamam
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• Ottoman infrastructure– Built roads
and bridges to better connect the empire
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• Desired converts, but known for religious tolerance– Many Jewish people, who
were cruelly oppressed in Western Europe moved to Istanbul and found Turkey to be a safer place to live
– Millet system: non-Muslims were allowed to form small communities and were allowed to keep their faith (Jewish or Christian) as long as they paid the jitza (a tax).
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Major Traders
• Coffee, Ceramics, Textiles, Spices were key products
• Coffeehouses were places where men would come together and form public opinion.
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Ottoman decline was caused by…
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–Weak leadership: Sultans became less severe in maintaining rigorous standards of integrity in the administration
– Became less centralized, and central control weakened Selim II
(aka the Sloth)
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Economic problems:
Competition from trade from the
Americas
Rising unemployment
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– Trade routes changing to bypass the Middle East in favor of water routes
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– Heavy taxes = revolts and unhappy peasantry
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– Powerful janissaries and janissary revolts
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– Loss of intellectualism = loss of innovation = fall behind the Europeans in technology
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The Ottoman Empire was very diverse ethnically + nationalism = many
groups wanting their freedom=led to loss of territory
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Ottomans continued to
grow weak and lost territory to the Russians
and the Europeans
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The Ottomans lasted until WWI, but had steadily weakened until that point.
Departure of Mehmed VI, last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 1922.
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New Turkish Republic
Modern Middle East