what is the pumping capacity in gallons per minute for a 1

8/11/2019 What is the Pumping Capacity in Gallons Per Minute for a 1

1/19

What is the Pumping Capacity in Gallons per Minute for a 1-LineShallow Well Jet Pump?

A one-line jet pump can typically raise water from depths of just a few feet (or "0" depth) toabout 25 feet in depth, and at water delivery rates of !pm up to as much as 25 !pm dependin!

on the variables we list below the well pump capacity tables shown

A nice e#ample table of shallow well $-%ine &et 'ump apacities for $2 hp, *, and $ hp

shallow well pumps is provided in the +ater Ace&et 'ump nstallation anual and e#cerptedbelow to illustrate the factors that determine well pump capacity .oth of the charts below are for

one-line jet pumps produced by +ater Ace $-%ine jet pumps intended for shallow well use and

made by other manufacturers can be e#pected to have similar capacities

[Click to enlarge any image or table]

/he +ater Ace charts (shown in part above) mae clear that the capacity of a one-line shallow

well jet pump to deliver water at a !iven flow rate varies by these factors1

$ the depth of the well (the bottom scale in the two charts)

2 the pump horsepower (the color codes indicate pump model and horsepower 'variation)

* /he well pump model (the ri!ht hand table is for the company3s more powerful well

pump series of 2-line jet pumps)

/he condition of well pipin!, includin! pipe diameter, len!th, number of bends or elbows5 /he presumption that the entire pipin! system has no leas

'ermission re4uested, +ater Ace orp Au! 20$0 - 'entair 'ump roup

Watch out: Safety warningsare throu!hout any pump manufacturer3s instructions .ecause

some pump models are capable of developin! internal pressures of more than $00 psi, if yourbuildin! pipin!, pressure relief valves, safety controls, wirin!, and plumbin! are not properly

installed, very dan!erous conditions includin! electrical shoc, tan e#plosion, and leas or

floods can occur
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacities.htm#reviewershttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacities.htm#reviewershttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Shallow_Well_Pump_Capacity_Water_Ace2.jpghttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Shallow_Well_Pump_Capacity_Water_Ace.jpghttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacities.htm#reviewers


2/19

What is the Pumping Capacity in Gallons per Minute for a 2-Line eepWell Jet Pump?

A two-line jet pump can typically raise water from depths of *0-feet to 60-feet, and at waterdelivery rates of !pm (!allons per minute) (for a $2 hp 2-line jet pump servin! an 60 foot deep

well) to $7 !pm (for a $ hp 2-line jet pump servin! a *0 foot deep well)

A nice e#ample table of 8eep +ell 2-%ine &et 'ump apacities for $2 hp and $ hp deep wellpumps is provided in the +ater Ace&et 'ump nstallation anual and e#cerpted below toillustrate the factors that determine well pump capacity .oth of the charts below are for 2-line

jet pumps produced by +ater Ace 2-%ine jet pumps intended for deep well use and made by

other manufacturers can be e#pected to have similar capacities

/he +ater Ace charts (shown in part above) mae clear that the capacity of a deep well pump todeliver water at a !iven flow rate varies by these factors1

$ the depth of the well (the bottom scale in the two charts)2 the pump horsepower (the color codes indicate pump model and horsepower '

variation)* /he well pump model (the ri!ht hand table is for the company3s more powerful well

pump series of 2-line jet pumps)

/he condition of well pipin!, includin! pipe diameter, len!th, number of bends or elbows5 /he presumption that the entire pipin! system has no leas

'ermission re4uested, +ater Ace orp Au! 20$0 - 'entair 'ump roup


some pump models are capable of developin! internal pressures of more than $00 psi, if yourbuildin! pipin!, pressure relief valves, safety controls, wirin!, and plumbin! are not properly

installed, very dan!erous conditions includin! electrical shoc, tan e#plosion, and leas or

floods can occur
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacities.htm#reviewershttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Deep_Well_Pump_Capacity_Water_Ace2.jpghttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Deep_Well_Pump_Capacity_Water_Ace.jpghttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacities.htm#reviewers


3/19

What is the Pumping Capacity in Gallons per Minute for aSu!mersi!le eep Well Pump?

A submersible deep well water pump (the pump is physically inside the well and at or close tothe bottom of the well pipin!) can typically raise water from depths of *0-feet to hundreds of

feet, and at water delivery rates of !pm 25 !pm dependin! on the variables that we list below

9ubmersible well pumps are typically offered in horsepower ratin!s of $2 ', * ', $ ', and

$ $2 '

:ated water flow rates for pumps ran!e (by horsepower and model) from a nominal 7 !pm to *5

!pm

Watch out1 installin! a hi!her capacity well pump may indeed !ive faster water flow and hi!her

water system pressure, but if the pump is not properly matched to the well3s safe flow rate (bypump selection or pump controls) you can pump all of the water out of your well, run dry,

dama!e the pump, etc 9ee8efine 9afe ;ield for a +ell

A nice e#ample table of 8eep +ell 9ubmersible +ell 'ump apacities is provided in the +ater

Ace -inch (diameter) 9ubmersible +ell 'ump nstallation anual and e#cerpted below toillustrate the factors that determine well pump capacity +e have sharpened the te#t and provided

a lar!er, more le!ible table (clic to enlar!e) than the ori!inal

n selectin! a well pump the well depth as well as water flow re4uirements must be considered+hile jet pumps have a picup placed typically 5-feet above the well bottom, when installin! a

submersible pump it is placed ten feet above the well bottom (ma#imum) or ten feet below the

draw down limit for the well

[Click to enlarge any image or table]
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4/19

/he +ater Ace charts (shown in part above) mae clear that the capacity of a deep well pump todeliver water at a !iven flow rate varies by these factors1

$ the depth of the well (the bottom scale in the two charts) or more accurately, the pumpin!

head or lift in feet

2 the pump horsepower (the color codes indicate pump model and horsepower 'variation)

* /he well pump model (the ri!ht hand table is for the company3s more powerful wellpump series of 2-line jet pumps)

/he condition of well pipin!, includin! pipe diameter, len!th, number of bends or elbows- friction losses in the pipin! system

5 /he presumption that the entire pipin! system has no leas or obstructions

- 'ermission re4uested, +ater Ace orp Au! 20$0 - 'entair 'ump roup

+ater Ace asserts that a typical *- bedroom home re4uires a water delivery rate of 6-$2 '

Watch out1 the water delivery rate at plumbin! fi#tures is determined by the water pump as wellas buildin! water supply pipin! and controls .ut it is a number independent of the ability of the

well itself to deliver a sustained water flow - the well yield %?+ :A/=and see 8efine 9afe ;ield for a +ell
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Flow_Rate.htmhttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Flow_Rate.htmhttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Yield.htm#SafeYieldhttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Submersible_Well_Pump_Capacity.jpghttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Flow_Rate.htmhttp://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Yield.htm#SafeYield


5/19


some pump models are capable of developin! internal pressures of more than $00 psi, if your

buildin! pipin!, pressure relief valves, safety controls, wirin!, and plumbin! are not properlyinstalled, very dan!erous conditions includin! electrical shoc, tan e#plosion, and leas or

floods can occur

:eaders of this document should also see the water pump types described at and see our other

dia!nostic !uides for water pumps, wells, motors listed in the "ore :eadin!" section below

Well Pump Capacity Charts Plot Pumping "ea# $s GPM %low &ateCur$es $s Pump "orsepower

Reader question: what is the effect of changing from a 1/2 hp to a 1 1/2 hp

water pump ?

urrently have a $2 hp water pump that will pump $00 !al in $5 min am thinin! a $-$2 hp

water pump will pump water $00 !al in 5 min +hat will that do to the e#istin! water line don3t

now if have 56" or *" - .@ $2020$
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacity_Curves_023e.jpg


6/19

Reply: factors affecting the actual water flow rate delivered by a water pump

!hec" out this e#ample chart plotting water flow in $%& against

pump motor si'e and pumping head resistance

ndeed, .@, the flow rate throu!h pipin! is affected by more than the pump output pressure, to

include not just line diameter (typically $" 8 or $ $" 8 from well to pressure tan and

pump) but also friction losses in the pipin! system which in turn are affected by the total len!th

of pipin!, the number of bends or elbows, and possibly the presence of constricted fittin!sanywhere in the run

[Click to enlarge any image or chart]

.ecause it is located in the well and under-water, the wor described by a submersible well

pump is described as "lift" rather than "buildin! pressure" t is the "lift" that overcomes the headpressure of water in the pipin! system above the pump

/he actual effective water flow rate in !allons per minute (') delivered by the water pump

throu!h well pipin! and fittin!s to the buildin! is typically described as a curve plottin! '

a!ainst the pumpin! head distance in feet, for pumps of various horsepower or pumpin! capacityost water pump manufacturers provide lift capacity curves for their particular water pumps,

plottin! horsepower and flow rate and lift hei!ht as shown in our e#ample chart above - ational+ells (20$)

/he sample well pump capacity chart at above left plots water pump capacity in !allons per

minute (') (horiBontal a#is) a!ainst pumpin! head resistance in feet (vertical a#is) for typical

*50 rpm water pump motors in horsepower ran!in! from $2 up to * ' ?ther well pump

capacity charts are in the article above - rove =lectric (20$0), C =lectric (20$0), +ater Ace (20$0),ational +ells (20$)

/ypical residential well pumps ran!e in horsepower from $2 ' to about 2 ' ;ou can see inthe chart that chan!in! from a $2 ' to a $ $2 ' well pump, if we stay at the same pumpin!

head resistance and usin! a *00 ft head resistance e#ample, we would see a theoretical 'flow rate chan!e from ' up to around D ' if all other factors remained the same /o

read this chart, follow the *00 ead horiBontal line in the chart across from where it crosses the

' line on the $2 ' pump curve over further to the ri!ht to see the $ $2 ' pump (twomodels) touchin! or close to the *00 ead :esistance line at D '

f for theoretical ar!ument we e#clude other snafus lie clo!!ed pipin! or a low-flow-rate well,

the lift distance or head a!ainst which the pump has to wor is the most si!nificant factor as

pump lift capacity varies by pump horsepower and type and location

Water %ump Si'e Requirement !alculation ( )efinition of head pressure or

*otal )ynamic +ead ,*)+-. ertical Rise. 0 riction osses in %iping

;ou have not specified if your well pump is a submersible or is an above-!round unit, nor amon!

above !round units did you specify if this is a $ line or 2-line jet pump - or a different pump typeAs we don3t now any of that data, nor the well pipin! diameter of your installation, its len!th,

bends, etc a fi#ed answer would be mere arm-wavin! speculation


7/19

A well pump needs to be matched to the flow rate capacity of the well itself - lest the pump

simply run out of available water, a condition that riss pump dama!e as well as loss of buildin!

water supply

/he well pump also needs to be matched a!ainst the lift re4uired - how far water must be lifted

from the bottom of the submersible pump in the well to the water pressure tan and controls in

the buildin! +ater pump lift can be defined as the force re4uired to overcome the "head

pressure" measured in feet /o accurately compute head pressure, e#pressed as /otal 8ynamicead or /8, the desi!ner adds the pumpin! level or hei!ht that water is moved inside the well,

the additional vertical rise from water top to final destination, and the friction losses in the pipin!

system

n the article above we show tables and charts helpful in determinin! the re4uired siBe in 're4uired for a water pump in a !iven installation recommend a!ainst choosin! pump siBe

arbitrarily for reasons cite below1 cost, operatin! life, as well as capacity re4uirements

:ecappin!, calculations of re4uired water pump siBe consider

*he vertical risethat the pump has to move water

*he hori'ontal pumping distancethat water must be moved *he friction losses in the piping system- a function of pipe diameter, number of fittin!s

or elbows, and possibly other more subtle factors >riction losses also include losses aswater flows throu!h valves or controls, chec valves, tees, couplin!s =n!ineers C other

well and pump e#perts use tables that e#press the effect of valves and fittin!s on water

flow as e4uivalent len!th of pipin! in feet >or e#ample the resistance imparted by a $-inch diameter plastic or steel E0 de!ree pipe elbow is e4uivalent to about three feet of

pipe

*he water quantity usage rate- ma#imum - anticipated in the buildin! (see +A/=:

F


8/19

re4uire electrical wirin! chan!es of wire siBe or !au!e and possibly a chan!e from $20G to 20G

service alon! with appropriate chan!es in pump controls and switches - all addin! to the cost of

installation of the new pump

n sum, 3d want to have a more accurate description of the water flow problem in your buildin!

and of the causes of any poor water flow complaints before hoppin! to install a new lar!er well

pump

3umber of submersible well pump stages determine pump lift capacity

>or submersible well pumps, typically hi!her ' pumps also are desi!ned with a !reater number

of pumpin! sta!es - mechanical impellers that increase the lift capacity of the pump .elow aresome submersible pump desi!n sta!es and horsepower ratin!s1

*able of Submersible %ump Stages vs +% vs *otal )ynamic +ead vs $%& low Rate

!apacity

Water %ump +% 3r of %ump Stages *)+ !apacity$%& low Rate

!apacity

1 +% 6 0 - 200 >t - 0 ' (varies by

/8)

1 1/2 +% $$ 0 - *EE >t - 0 ' (varies by

/8)

2 +% $ 0 - *50 >t - 2 ' (varies by

/8)

4 +% $E 0 - 500 >t - * ' (varies by

/8)

5 +% 26 0 - D00 >t - * ' (varies by/8)

otes1

/he data in this table is for e#ample purposes Actual pump capacities vary by model,

manufacturer, desi!n, and installation details

9ource1 adapted from A; c8onald o f! (20$)

Reader 6uestion on head total

(Apr E, 20$) Awais Fadir said1

have a centrifu!al pump with under mentioned data

>low H $*5 us !pm, 8ynamic ead H D5 ft, 'ipe 8 H 7 nch, 8elivery %en!th H $6000 ft,


9/19

.ends os

+hat would be total head 'lease mention with any e#ample

:eply1

Awais

alculation of total head and dynamic head or /8 is detailed in the article above

"ow to Measure 'uil#ing Water Pressure( efinitions of Static'uil#ing Water Pressure ) ynamic Water Pressure

8istin!uishin! between static water pressure, dynamic water pressure, and water flow rate can

help dia!nose water problems in a buildin! ere we e#plain these concepts and we describe

how to measure water pressure and flow at a property where either municipal water supply or a

private well and pump water supply is in use

)efinition of Static Water %ressure

Static water pressureis the pressure shown anywhere on the water supply pipin! system whenno plumbin! fi#tures are runnin!

/ypically on a municipal water supply the static water pressure in the buildin! will be *0-70 psi,

dependin! only on the settin! of the water pressure re!ulator - the re!ulator determines static

water pressure in the buildin!
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Pressure_Tester369-DJFs.jpg


10/19

?n a private well and pump water supply system water pressure varies between 20-0 psi or *0-

50 psi dependin! on the e4uipment installed and the pump pressure control switch settin!s

(9ee +A/=: '


11/19

=#ample of variation in buildin! water pressure1

ncomin! buildin! water pressure is 60 psi at the street-side of the pressure re!ulator

/he pressure re!ulator is set to 70 psi and installed on $2" diameter buildin! water

supply pipin!

/he buildin! has four apartments and in each apartment simultaneously people are

runnin! multiple plumbin! fi#tures, drawin! water out of the system so fast that

/he dynamic buildin! water pressure drops to 20 psi when all of these fi#tures areoperatin! =ven thou!h the pressure re!ulator is set to 70 psi, when water flow in thebuildin! e#ceeds the capacity of the incomin! water main to deliver water at that

pressure, the in-buildin! water pressure will drop to a lower number

A solution to this problem may be the installation of a +A/=: ':=99)

The weight of a liter of water is 2.2"4 poun!s

The number of gallons [of water or anything else] in a cubic foot: a cubic foot of water is about.4# $.%. gallons

ow much does a !allon of water wei!hI

& $.%. gallon of water weighs about #.2' poun!s

/he actual wei!ht of water varies by temperature as its density varies by temperature andpossibly also by the effect of impurities in the water f warm the water up it will wei!h a little

less and at 70J> a cubic foot of (pure) water wei!hs about 72*D pounds

The pressure of a column of water is about ".4(4 psi per foot of column height
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12/19

2.(& ft of water pro!uces & psi of pressure at the bottom of that column.

f we had a $2"#$2"#$2" cube of water the pressure per s4uare foot at its base would be about 72

pounds psf

/o convert that to pounds per s4uare inch divide by $ to !et about 0* psi 9o the formulafor the psi pressure of a column of water is

PSI of water pressure at the base of a 1-inch square column of water of height H in feet = H x

0.44

+ow to convert the weight of water to pressures per foot in a well pipe or

inside the well casing

At 9/A/ =A8, +=%% 8=>/?we show how to calculate the volume of water in a

cylinder of various diameters /here we showed that

?ne linear foot of 7-inch well casin! filled with water contains **E cubic inches or 0$E7 cubicfeet of water or $7 !allons of water

& $.%. gallon of water weighs about #.2' poun!s

+ei!ht of the water fillin! one foot of 7-inch well casin! H 625 # $7 H $205 pounds

Area of a 7-inch well casin! cross section in s4uare inches H pi # r2H *$ # E H 2627 s4 in

onvert wei!ht of the water in a vertical foot of water in a 7-inch well casin! to '9 H $205

2627 H 027 psi

+hy is this number different than our previous s4uare foot '9 calculationI .ecause we3re

calculatin! the area of a $-inch round column of water which will have less total volume than a

$-inch s4uare column of water

PSI of water pressure at the base of a 1-inch roun! column of water of height H in feet = H x

0.4"#

7ther water conversions weights 0 measures converting a 8S gallon

& )allon *$.%.+ , (.#'-&"(m(, (.#' !m(*liter+ , ".&((6# ft(, 4./'&-&"( y!(, ".#(2

0mp. gal *$1+

At **-feet of water (say divin! under the ocean) at sea level, you3ve e4ualed $ A/ of pressure

/hat3s because at sea level the pressure of the whole atmosphere of air above you e#erts pressure

or "wei!hs" about $D pounds per s4uare inch
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13/19

8ivin! down just ** feet below the surface of the ocean e#poses the 9


14/19

>or more help fi!urin! out why your municipal water pressure is too wea,

see


15/19

9f your dynamic well water pressure is too low on a private pump and well system you may

be able to boost water pressure by adjustin! the pump pressure control switch 9ee +A/=:

'=/;

)iagnosis of private water well problems divides roughly into these areas

+A/=: '


16/19

/he measurement of water flow rate at a particular plumbin! fi#ture does not accurately measure

the true water flow rate of the plumbin! system because1

8ifferent flow rates will be found at individual fi#tures dependin! on the water flow

restriction of the fi#ture itself, its3 faucet strainer or even a dis that has been inserted into

the faucet or shower head (for e#ample) to deliberately restrict the water flow rate

+ater pipin! supplyin! a particular fi#ture may restrict flow rate dependin! on the len!th

and diameter of pipin! as well as possible hidden errors in the plumbin! system such as apartial pipe bloca!e by solder at a copper joint, or bloca!e in the water supply pipin! if

it is clo!!ed by minerals or rust

+ater flow on a well pump and tan system will vary durin! the measurement period

dependin! on just when the water pressure drop turns the well pump on or off

?n a pump and well system when we turned on water at just the itchen sin (8ynamic +ater

'ressurephoto above) the flow rate dropped slowly until the pump turned on /hen the water

pressure rose slowly until the pump turned off +ater pressure varied between *6 psi (pump off)and 25 psi (pump on)

+hen we turned on water at a bath tub faucet (photo just above) water pressure dropped to about26 psi and stayed there as the well pump ran continuously, deliverin! water to the buildin! at that

rate ;ou can see ourpressure !au!e readin! 26 psi

Also see +A/=: ':=99


17/19

,&ar 15. 2;14- im &ault said:

i, we have a 7" water line with a static pressure of E0 psi +e want to put in a 7" stand pipe for

truc fillin! at $500!pm C 20psi will that worI

Reply: water 0 water pipe hydraulics

+hewM ?@ so it depends that "static" pressure of E0 psi is not !oin! to !ive us a true answerto the flow rate in !pm you3ll be seein!, since we don3t now the effects of line len!th, friction

losses, and number of bends, valves, or obstructions in your water line

[Click to enlarge any image]

:eally this is a hydraulics 4uestion /he true fi!ures for water movement throu!h pipin! areinterestin! and comple# >or e#ample, the velocity of water movin! throu!h pipin! (measured in

feet per second or fps) is not uniform across the diameter of the pipe

+ater moves fastest in the middle and slows down at the ed!es of the cylinder or pipe walls -

which maes sense if we thin the walls impart friction losses on the water ?@ so we3ll sipthat ere are some basics1

/he cool chart at left relatin! water flow rate in ' to pressure in psi maes some assumptions

stated in the table3s note /his data is from en!ineerin! wor prepared by the lorida, ndian :iver :esearch C =ductation >acility - 8r .rian .oman, "hapter 2$,ydraulics", retrieved **20$, ori!inal source1 http1irrecifasufleducitrusbmp +ater

N20andN20>%N20itrus2$N20hap2$pdf

/he second chart shown at left relates pressure loss to len!th for $00 feet of hose of various

diameters up to !reater than the 7-inch you ased about /his data is from 8ultmeier 9ales also
http://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Pressure_Flow_inside_Pipes.jpg


18/19

cited at :eferenceslic to enlar!e for a more readable copy and you3ll see that a si#-inch

diameter "pipe" (we don3t now the material of your pipe) at a flow rate of $500 !pm has a

pressure loss of psi per $00 feet

>rom there and considerin! 3ve !ot no other data about your system, you are on your own to

calculate the appro#imate flow rate loss for your system and thus the net flow rate

;ou could as 8ultmeier or 8r .oman for an accurate detail but 3m reluctant to bother an

educator with these individual 4uestions =#trapolate from the table or try some basic ballpar

calculations, or just !ive your local hydraulics en!ineer a call .oman lays out the data and basic

e4uation as follows1

The euation of continuity states that flow rate can be calculate! from the multiple of the

3elocity times the crosssectional area of flow.

, 5 - or , 75

where

F H flow rate in ft* secondA H cross sectional area flow in s4 ft of the pipe (A H O # 82 and of course pi or O H *$$7)

G H velocity in ftsec

As we3ve reported elsewhere under improvin! water flow in buildin!s or "perceived waterpressure", doublin! the pipe diameter increases the li4uid carryin! capacity of the pipe by a

factor of

>;, friction losses for a $00 ft len!th of 7" diameter 'G pipe are fi!ured at 0*0 psi $00 ft

of pipe /he friction loss data is different for different pipe materials, and is ? always wron!for in-use systems where contaminants or usa!e have chan!ed the surface properties of the

pipin! to increase (rou!hin! or wear or mineral deposits) or decrease (al!ae) friction losses
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19/19

'ressure Gersus >low is described elo4uently by .oman As 3ve stru!!led for years to e#plain

this and to help people understand that what they call "water pressure" e#perienced at the itchen

sin or bath shower is better understood as flow rate, 3m 4uotin! him here1

As water moves throu!h any pipe, pressure is lost because of turbulence created by the movin!

water /he amount of pressure lost in a horiBontal pipe is related to the velocity of the water, the

inside diameter of the pipe, and the len!th of pipe throu!h which the water flows +hen velocity

increases, the pressure loss increases

>or e#ample, in a $-inch 9ch 0 'G pipe with an 6-!pm flow rate, the velocity will be 2ED fps

with a pressure loss of $5E psi per $00 ft

+hen the flow rate is increased to $6 !pm, the velocity will be 77D fps, and the pressure loss

will increase to D$2 psi per $00 ft of pipe

ncreasin! the pressure in the system increases the flow rate n >i! 2$-*, the flow rate in a 2-inch pipe increases by $00 !pm when the pressure is increased from 20 psi to 50 psi low meter3 which will allow us to restrict the supply of

water to each residential flat to a specified limit e! 200-*00 litres per day After supply ofspecified limit of water, valve should automatically close C stop the further flow of water

what is the pumping capacity in gallons per minute for a 1

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