what is the meaning of weather and climate? copy the definition for: weather = the state of the...
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What is the meaning ofweather and climate?
Copy the definition for:
Weather =the state of the atmosphere around us (changes every day)
Climate =the average weather over a period of time (many years)
The 4 main parts of the weather
Precipitation(How much it has rained / snowed and how wet it is)
Temperature(How hot or cold it is)
Visibility(How much we can seeIs it foggy / dusty?)
Wind
(How fast it is and which direction it will travel)
Final Task – Build a sentenceLevel 3/C
The word weather means…
The word climate means.
Describe what the weather it is like today.
Level 4/B
The word weather means.
The word climate means.
The weather today is… (use specific examples like wind, visibility, precipitation)
Level 5/A
The difference between weather and climate is…
The weather today is… (use examples like wind, visibility, precipitation)
The weather in the UK is… (use examples like wind, visibility, precipitation)
It is important for humans to know the weather because…
Important wordsCondensation(con/den/sa/tion)
Evaporation(e/vap/or/ation)
Liquid water
Solid water
Water gas
Water vapour
Ice
Water turns from gas to a liquid
Water turns from a liquid into a gas
Plain H2O
The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle in more detail
Places get warm because of the _______. It heats up the ________, which heats the ______. The sun also _______ wind. The warm air ________, so ______ air ________ in to replace it. This cold air is ______.The water from the oceans __________ to become a gas ( _________ __________).As warm air rises it ________ down. The water vapour ____________. That’s why we get ________. When the clouds become too _________, it rains.Sometimes when the weather is very ________ the water droplets may fall as __________, hailstone or sleet.
The Water Cycle: Test
Rain causes wind rises rising raining sun heating evaporates snow condenses evaporation condensation heavy clear windy water vapour
cools cooling.
Type of weather
Instrument How it works Units it measures
in
Temperature
Anemometer The arm points in the same direction that the wind is travelling in
Degrees celcius (ºC)
Wind speed Thermometer
The person recording looks at how much of the sky is covered in cloud,
they divide the sky into 8ths
Kilometres per hour (kph)
Wind direction
Rain gauge The metal cups rotate in the wind. The stronger the wind, the
faster the cups turn.
Compass direction (NSEW)
Precipitation
Barometer This records the force of the air on the surface of the earth
Millimeters (mm)
Air pressure Eyes A container is placed in a stationary position and records how much
rain/sleet/snow/hail falls.
Millibars (mB)
Cloud cover Weather vane
The liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb at the bottom expands as it gets
warm and rises up a tube. You can then read off the value.
Oktas (8ths)
Type of weather Instrument Units it measures in
Temperature Thermometer Degrees celcius (ºC)
Wind speed Anemometer Kilometres per hour (kph)
Wind direction Weather vane Compass direction (NSEW)
Precipitation Rain gauge Millimeters (mm)
Air pressure Barometer Millibars (mB)
Cloud cover Eyes Oktas (8ths)
The units of temperature are degrees Celsius °C or degrees Fahrenheit °F. (Like MPH and KMPH)
Temperature is a measure of how warm or cool it is.
Temperature
Most thermometers are made so liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb at the bottom expands as it gets warm and rises up a tube.
Temperatures are measured in the shade, so the sun’s rays do not heat up the instrument being used.
Temperature is measured using a thermometer.
How is temperature measured?
The force exerted on the Earth by the air above.
Air pressure is measured using a barometer.
It records it in millibars (mB)
Air pressure
Air pressure changes with height, the higher up we go, the more air pressure.
Wind Direction:
• A Weather vane records the direction the wind is blowing in.
• It spins and points towards the direction.
• A compass direction can be calculated:– North– South– East – West
Wind speed is a measure of how fast the air is moving. It is measured using an anemometer
Wind speed
Wind is simply moving air.
An anemometer has metal cups that rotate in the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the cups turn.
Rainfall is measured using a rain gauge.
Precipitation: Rainfall
Rain is a type of precipitation, Snow, sleet, hail, dew and fog are also types of precipitation.
Precipitation occurs when water vapour in the air cools and condenses into water droplets.
Rainfall is usually measured in millimetres (mm).
Cloud Cover• Your eyes are the most
useful tools to measure the weather
• You can look at the sky and see how much is covered in cloud
• We record this in Oktas• 1 Okta is ⅛th • A full sky of cloud would
be 8 Oktas
It uses a scale from 0 to 12.
The Beaufort scale measures wind intensity using the effects of wind to estimate its speed.
Beaufort scale
0 on the scale means there is no wind.
How is wind speed estimated without an anemometer?
12 indicates hurricane conditions.
Type of weather
Instrument How it works Units it measures in
Picture
Temperature Thermometer The liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb
at the bottom expands as it gets
warm and rises up a tube. You can then read off the value.
Degrees celcius (ºC)
Wind speed Anemometer The metal cups rotate in the wind. The stronger the
wind, the faster the cups turn.
Kilometres per hour (kph)
Wind direction
Weather vane The arm points in the same
direction that the wind is travelling
in
Compass direction (NSEW)
Precipitation Rain gauge A container is placed in a stationary
position and records how much
rain/sleet/snow/hail falls.
Millimeters (mm)
Air pressure Barometer This records the force of the air on the surface of the
earth.
Millibars (mB)
Cloud cover Eyes The person recording looks at how much of the sky is covered in
cloud, they divide the sky into 8ths
Oktas (8ths)
1.Rain gauge
a) A rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rain that has fallen. Rain is a type of precipitation
b) The rain gauge is a container which gathers the rainfall.
c) The unit of measurement used is millimeters (mm)
1.Rain gauge 2.Anemometer 3.Barometer 4.Eyes
2.Anemometera) An anemometer is used to measure: the speed of the wind.b) The anemometer is: made of metal cups which catch wind and spin. The faster the wind, the more they spin.C) The unit of measurement used: is Killometers per hour (KPH)
1.Rain gauge 2.Anemometer 3.Barometer 4.Eyes
2.Anemometera) An anemometer is used to measure: the speed of the wind.b) The anemometer is: made of metal cups which catch wind and spin. The faster the wind, the more they spin.C) The unit of measurement used: is Killometers per hour (KPH)
3.Barometer
a) A barometer is used to measure:
b) The barometer is: a gauge which measures the pressure the sky exerts (puts) on the Earth.
C) The unit of measurement used: millibars
4.Eyes
a) Eyes are used to measure:
b) The eyes measure the amount of sky that is covered with clouds. The person divides it in to 8 parts and checks how many parts are covered.
C) The unit of measurement used: millibars
Convectional rainfall
Relief rainfall
1. Sun heats the Earth
2. Evaporation3. Warm air rises4. Condensation5. Water droplets.6. Heavy Clouds7. Rain
1. Warm air moving.
2. Forced up a mountain.
3. Condensation4. Rain
Frontal
ConvectionalThe Earth is heated by the
______________________ and the air above it is warmed.
As the air warms it evaporates (______________).
As it reaches higher in the sky it will begin to ________________ down and ________________ are formed.
Clouds are droplets of water vapour that will eventually lead to __________________.Rises Cool
Sun Clouds Rain
Title: Relief 10/031. Wind is forced to rise by
_____________________ that often get in the way.
2. As air rises it will begin to ______________.
3. Cooling air causes ___________ and clouds form.
4. Then ____________ will fall.
Frontal1. Air masses are huge blocks of _____. 2. Frontal rainfall occurs when warm air (from the
_______________) meets colder air (from the ___________). 3. As the two air masses meet the _________ air is forced above
the cold air, because it is lighter. 4. As warm air rises it _______, condenses and it starts to
________.
Quick Fire ActivityName 5 extreme weather events beginning with the following letters:
H____________________
H____________________
M____________________
S____________________
F____________________
Why is climate so different in different places, and in different months?
Factors that influence climate
LATITUDE EARTHS TILT
DISTANCE FROM THE COAST
WIND DIRECTION/SPEED
OCEAN TEMPERATURE
HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL OR ALTITUDE
1.Use page 84 and 85 to add drawings to your spider diagram2. Explain a. latitude b. altitude c. wind direction
Climate data for London
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temperature (˚C)
8 8 11 14 17 21 23 23 19 15 11 8
Precipitation (mm)
55 40 41 43 49 44 44 49 49 68 59 55
The climate generally gives us average temperature and precipitation
As geographers we can represent this in an excellent and interesting way!!
A way that will allow us to compare them both visually……..
A climate graph.Here is your data……
Climates around the worldType Climate Countries Picture
Desert Very dry and hot all year round, especially in summer, with cooler winters
Saudi ArabiaEgyptAustralia
Polar Very cold all year. Many parts covered in snow and ice.
CanadaSerbia
Mountain High up and cold. Lots of rain and snow.
SwitzerlandChina
Maritime Very wet. Warm summers and cool winters.
UKFranceHolland
Tropical Rainy and hot most of the year with a dry season
BrazilMadagascarIndia