What is Storage?What is Storage?

Holds data, instructions, and Holds data, instructions, and information needed for future use. information needed for future use.

Storage Medium- is a physical item Storage Medium- is a physical item which a computer stores information, which a computer stores information, data, and instructions. ( also called data, and instructions. ( also called secondary storage) secondary storage)

Ex: Floppy disks, Zip disks, CD’s and Ex: Floppy disks, Zip disks, CD’s and DVD’s, tape, and PC cards. DVD’s, tape, and PC cards.

Storage requirements for the different Storage requirements for the different users will vary greatlyusers will vary greatly

Capacity of storage Capacity of storage media media Capacity- is Capacity- is

the amount the amount of of information information or the or the number of number of bytes a bytes a storage storage medium can medium can hold hold

Storage Storage TermTerm

Estimated Estimated Number of Number of bytes bytes

Kilobyte (KB)Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand 1 thousand

Megabyte (MB)Megabyte (MB) 1 million1 million

Gigabyte (GB)Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion 1 billion

Terabyte (TB)Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion 1 trillion

Petabyte (PB)Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion1 quadrillion

Zettabyte (ZB)Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion 1 sextillion

Yottabyte (YB)Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion 1 septillion

Terminology Terminology

Storage device- the computer hardware that records and Storage device- the computer hardware that records and retrieves items to and from storage mediaretrieves items to and from storage media

Writing- the process of transferring data, instructions, and Writing- the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage mediuminformation from memory to a storage medium

Reading- the process of transferring items from a storage Reading- the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memorymedium into memory

Access time- (1) amount of time it takes a storage device to Access time- (1) amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium or (2) the time required locate an item on a storage medium or (2) the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processorto deliver an item from memory to the processor

Transfer rate- is the speed with witch data, instructions, and Transfer rate- is the speed with witch data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a deviceinformation transfer to and from a device

Floppy disk Floppy disk

-also called the -also called the diskettediskette

-portable, -portable, inexpensive inexpensive storage medium storage medium that is thin flexiblethat is thin flexible

-also has a -also has a magnetic coating magnetic coating enclosed in enclosed in square shape square shape plastic shellplastic shell

Floppy disk continued Floppy disk continued

An average floppy disk can store An average floppy disk can store up to 500 double spaced pages of up to 500 double spaced pages of

text text ..They can also They can also

store photographs, or small audio store photographs, or small audio files files

Floppy disk drivesFloppy disk drives

- is a device that - is a device that reads from and reads from and writes on a floppy writes on a floppy disk.disk.

External floppy External floppy drive- the drive is drive- the drive is a separate device a separate device with a cable that with a cable that plugs into your PCplugs into your PC

Key TermsKey Terms

Density- is the number of bytes in Density- is the number of bytes in an area on a storage medium an area on a storage medium

Downward compatible- they can Downward compatible- they can recognize and use earlier mediarecognize and use earlier media

Shutter- the metal piece on the Shutter- the metal piece on the floppy diskfloppy disk

- The average time for a floppy disk - The average time for a floppy disk to locate an item is 1/12 of a to locate an item is 1/12 of a second second

Characteristics of a Characteristics of a Floppy DiskFloppy Disk Floppy disk is a type of magnetic Floppy disk is a type of magnetic

media that allows people to read media that allows people to read and write on a disk over and over. and write on a disk over and over.

Magnetic Media- use magnetic Magnetic Media- use magnetic particles to store data, particles to store data, instructions, and information on a instructions, and information on a disk surface.disk surface.

Continued..Continued..

Track- a narrow Track- a narrow recording band recording band that forms a full that forms a full circle on the circle on the surface of the disk surface of the disk

Sector- is the pie Sector- is the pie shaped figure shaped figure

80 tracks,18 80 tracks,18 sectorssectors

High-Density Floppy High-Density Floppy DiskDisk

CapacityCapacity 1.44mb1.44mb

SlidesSlides 22

TracksTracks 8080

Sectors per TrackSectors per Track 1818

Bytes per sector Bytes per sector 512512

Sectors per diskSectors per disk 28802880

CDs and DVDsCDs and DVDs

Are types of optical Are types of optical storage media that storage media that consists of a flat, consists of a flat, round, portable disc round, portable disc made of metal made of metal plastic and lacquer.plastic and lacquer.

Store software, data, Store software, data, digital photographs, digital photographs, movies, and musicmovies, and music

Characteristics of CDs Characteristics of CDs and DVDsand DVDs

Are not magnetic media, instead Are not magnetic media, instead they are optical media that store they are optical media that store items such as data and items such as data and instructionsinstructions

Uses microscopic pits Uses microscopic pits (indentations) and flat areas that (indentations) and flat areas that are in the middle layer of the discare in the middle layer of the disc

How a CDs and DVDs How a CDs and DVDs are readare read A high powered laser light creates the pits. A high powered laser light creates the pits. A lower powered laser lights reads items from the A lower powered laser lights reads items from the

disc by deflecting light through the bottom of the disc by deflecting light through the bottom of the disc, which is usually gold or silverdisc, which is usually gold or silver

The reflected light is converted into a series of bits The reflected light is converted into a series of bits the computer can processthe computer can process

A land causes the light to reflect, which is read as A land causes the light to reflect, which is read as binary digit 1.binary digit 1.

Pits absorb the light; this absence of light is read Pits absorb the light; this absence of light is read as binary digit 0.as binary digit 0.

Items are commonly store items in a single track Items are commonly store items in a single track that spirals form the center to the outside edges of that spirals form the center to the outside edges of the discthe disc

Care of CDs and DVDsCare of CDs and DVDs

Never bend a disc; it may breakNever bend a disc; it may break If a disc becomes warped or if its surface is If a disc becomes warped or if its surface is

scratched, the data on the disc may be scratched, the data on the disc may be unreadableunreadable

Exposing to extreme temperatures or humidity Exposing to extreme temperatures or humidity could cause them to warp. The ideal could cause them to warp. The ideal temperature is 50-70 degrees temperature is 50-70 degrees

Stacking discs, touching the undersides or Stacking discs, touching the undersides or exposing them to any type of contaminant exposing them to any type of contaminant may scratch itmay scratch it

Best place to store the CD or DVD is in the Best place to store the CD or DVD is in the jewel box that it came injewel box that it came in

CD-ROMsCD-ROMs

Is used for storing Is used for storing data, instructions data, instructions and information in and information in addition to audio and addition to audio and videovideo

Can only read the Can only read the content on the discs, content on the discs, meaning that they meaning that they cant be erasedcant be erased

A typical CD-ROM A typical CD-ROM can hold from 650 can hold from 650 MB to 1GB of dataMB to 1GB of data

Picture CDs and Photo Picture CDs and Photo CDsCDs Is a small data CD Is a small data CD

that stores up to that stores up to one role of film one role of film using a jpg file using a jpg file formatformat

Picture CD usually is Picture CD usually is 1024x1536 pixels1024x1536 pixels

The cost of a picture The cost of a picture CD is about 10 CD is about 10 dollars per role of dollars per role of filmfilm

Stores multiple rolls of Stores multiple rolls of film using the Image Pac film using the Image Pac or PCDor PCD

Designed for commercial Designed for commercial and professional users and professional users

Resolutions ranging from Resolutions ranging from 128x192 to 4096x6144 128x192 to 4096x6144 pixelspixels

Store images from Store images from 35mm film, negatives, 35mm film, negatives, slides and scanned itemsslides and scanned items

CD-Rs and CD-RWsCD-Rs and CD-RWs

Multi session CD Multi session CD which user put there which user put there own information on own information on toto

To be able to write To be able to write on the CD-R you on the CD-R you need a CD-R drive need a CD-R drive to burn the CDto burn the CD

Has a speed of 40x Has a speed of 40x or moreor more

CD-RW is a rewritable CD-RW is a rewritable CD that can be erased.CD that can be erased.

Is much like a floppy Is much like a floppy discdisc

Only down fall is that Only down fall is that the more it is erased the more it is erased the more faulty the CD the more faulty the CD becomesbecomes

The CD-RW drive has The CD-RW drive has a speed of 52x or morea speed of 52x or more

DVD-ROMsDVD-ROMs

DVD stands for digital DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital video versatile disc or digital video discdisc

Can store up from 4.7GB to 17 Can store up from 4.7GB to 17 GB the storing capacity has GB the storing capacity has more than enough to hold a more than enough to hold a telephone book containing telephone book containing every resident in the United every resident in the United StatesStates

The goal of the DVD The goal of the DVD technology is to meet the technology is to meet the needs for home needs for home entertainment, computer entertainment, computer usage and business datausage and business data

DVD-ROM players can read up DVD-ROM players can read up to speeds 48x or moreto speeds 48x or more

Look just like the CD-ROM and Look just like the CD-ROM and sometimes are easily sometimes are easily confusedconfused

First involves making the First involves making the disc denser by packing disc denser by packing the pits closer togetherthe pits closer together

Second involves using Second involves using two layers of pits. For two layers of pits. For this to work the lower this to work the lower layer of pits is layer of pits is semitransparent so the semitransparent so the laser can be read laser can be read through the upper level. through the upper level. This technique doubles This technique doubles the storage capacity of the storage capacity of the discthe disc

Finally some discs are Finally some discs are double sided and need to double sided and need to turn it over when you are turn it over when you are done with the one sidedone with the one side

DVD-ROM Storage DVD-ROM Storage CapacitiesCapacities

SidesSides LayersLayers Storage CapacitiesStorage Capacities

11 11 4.7 GB4.7 GB

11 22 8.5 GB8.5 GB

22 11 9.4 GB9.4 GB

22 22 17 GB17 GB

TAPETAPE TapeTape is a magnetically coated is a magnetically coated ribbon ribbon of plastic capable of of plastic capable of storing large storing large amounts of data amounts of data and information and information at a low cost.at a low cost. Tape is no longer used for Tape is no longer used for storage storage purposes; instead, most purposes; instead, most home home users and businesses users and businesses use tape use tape for long-term storage for long-term storage and and background.background.

TAPE DRIVETAPE DRIVE Comparable to a tape recorder.Comparable to a tape recorder. Today’s computers use Today’s computers use tape cartridgestape cartridges..

Tape cartridgesTape cartridges are small, rectangular, plastic are small, rectangular, plastic housings for tape.housings for tape.

They are slightly larger than an audio-cassette They are slightly larger than an audio-cassette tape.tape.

On larger computers, tape cartridges are On larger computers, tape cartridges are mounted on a separate cabinet called a mounted on a separate cabinet called a tape tape library.library.

Reads and writes data and information on a Reads and writes data and information on a tape. tape.

Transfer rate of tape drives range from 500 Transfer rate of tape drives range from 500 KBps to 1 MBps.KBps to 1 MBps.

To access a certain piece of data, you must To access a certain piece of data, you must forward or rewind the tape. forward or rewind the tape.

PC CARDSPC CARDS A thin, credit-card-sized device that A thin, credit-card-sized device that

fits into a PC Card slotfits into a PC Card slot Add storage, additional memory, Add storage, additional memory,

fax/modem, networking, sound, and fax/modem, networking, sound, and other capabilitiesother capabilities

Commonly used in notebook Commonly used in notebook computerscomputers

They are available in three different They are available in three different sizes according to thickness- Types I, sizes according to thickness- Types I, II, III.II, III.

Cards that house a hard disk have Cards that house a hard disk have storage capacities of up to 5 GBstorage capacities of up to 5 GB

MINI MOBILE STORAGE MINI MOBILE STORAGE MEDIAMEDIA

PDAs, digital cameras, music players, and PDAs, digital cameras, music players, and smart phones are devices that provide the smart phones are devices that provide the user with instant access to technologyuser with instant access to technology

Because they have limited internal Because they have limited internal storage, they require these mini mobile storage, they require these mini mobile storage devices to store digital images, storage devices to store digital images, music, or documentsmusic, or documents

Most are no larger than a postage stampMost are no larger than a postage stamp

CompactFlashCompactFlash

Storage capacity is Storage capacity is 16MB to 1 GB16MB to 1 GB– Flash memory cardFlash memory card– Used for digital Used for digital

camera, PDAs, camera, PDAs, notebook notebook computers, computers, printers, music printers, music players, cell players, cell phonesphones

Secure DigitalSecure Digital

16 MB to 256 MB16 MB to 256 MB Flash memory cardFlash memory card Used for digital Used for digital

cameras, PDAs, cameras, PDAs, cell phones, digital cell phones, digital video cameras, car video cameras, car navigation navigation systems, e-bookssystems, e-books

Memory StickMemory Stick

16 MB to 128 MB16 MB to 128 MB Flash memory cardFlash memory card Used for digital cameras, notebook Used for digital cameras, notebook

computers, photo printerscomputers, photo printers

MicrodriveMicrodrive

1 GB1 GB Magnetic mediaMagnetic media Digital cameras, Digital cameras,

PDAs, music PDAs, music players, players, notebook notebook computers, video computers, video camerascameras

USBDriveUSBDrive

32 MB to 2 GB32 MB to 2 GB Flash memory Flash memory

cardcard Plugs into any Plugs into any

USB port to USB port to function as a function as a mini hard diskmini hard disk

SMART CARDSMART CARD

Similar in size to a credit card or Similar in size to a credit card or ATM cardATM card

Stores data on a thin Stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the microprocessor embedded in the cardcard

Contain processor and have input, Contain processor and have input, output, and storage capabilitiesoutput, and storage capabilities

MICROFILM AND MICROFILM AND MICROFICHEMICROFICHE Store microscopic images of documents Store microscopic images of documents

on roll or sheet filmon roll or sheet film Microfilm Microfilm is a 100- 215 foot roll of filmis a 100- 215 foot roll of film MicroficheMicrofiche is a small sheet of film, is a small sheet of film,

usually about 4 inches by 6 inchesusually about 4 inches by 6 inches A computer output microfilm A computer output microfilm is the is the

device that records the images on the device that records the images on the filmfilm

Libraries use these to store back issues Libraries use these to store back issues of newspapers, magazines, and of newspapers, magazines, and genealogy recordsgenealogy records