what is psychology? a set of questions about mental functioning –trace back to philosophy …
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Foundations of Modern Psychology Rene Descartes ( ) How is man different from other animals? Our minds control our body Our minds control our body ( except reflex) ( except reflex) Charles Darwin ( ) Theory of natural selection (1859)TRANSCRIPT
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What is Psychology?What is Psychology?
A set of questions about mental A set of questions about mental functioningfunctioning– trace back to philosophy trace back to philosophy
The scientific methodThe scientific method A product of historyA product of history
– Dualism in philosophyDualism in philosophy
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The BIG Question…The BIG Question… Is knowledge innate ? Is knowledge innate ?
EmpiricismEmpiricism Empiricism-Empiricism- ( John Locke)- Tabula ( John Locke)- Tabula
RasaRasa
NativismNativism Nativism- is the view Nativism- is the view
that elementary ideas that elementary ideas are innateare innate
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Foundations of Modern Foundations of Modern PsychologyPsychology
Rene Descartes ( 1596-1650) Rene Descartes ( 1596-1650) How is man different from other How is man different from other
animals?animals? Our minds control our bodyOur minds control our body ( except reflex)( except reflex) Charles DarwinCharles Darwin (1809-1882) (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859)Theory of natural selection (1859)
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Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge
I think; therefore I am.
Charles Darwin
Rene Descartes
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A New Science is BornA New Science is Born
Separated from philosophy in 19th Separated from philosophy in 19th centurycenturyWilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) (1832-1920)– Leipzig, GermanyLeipzig, Germany– applied laboratory techniques to study of the applied laboratory techniques to study of the
mindmind– Developed theory of Developed theory of StructuralismStructuralism-Mind combines objective sensation & subjective -Mind combines objective sensation & subjective
emotionemotion
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The Battle BeginsThe Battle Begins
Edward TitchenerEdward Titchener (1867-1927) (1867-1927)– Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell
University University – structuralismstructuralism – -Wrote first Psychology Textbook-Wrote first Psychology Textbook
William JamesWilliam James (1842-1910) (1842-1910)– started psychology at Harvard in 1870sstarted psychology at Harvard in 1870s– functionalismfunctionalism –investigate purpose of –investigate purpose of
consciousness led to behaviorismconsciousness led to behaviorism
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I
If merely 'feeling good' could decide, drunkenness would be the supremely valid human experience."
What can I say????
William JamesEdward Tichener
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Behaviorism DebutsBehaviorism Debuts BehaviorismBehaviorism- asserts that psychology should - asserts that psychology should
only study behavior that is observable (scientific)only study behavior that is observable (scientific) Emphasis on environmentEmphasis on environment Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov (1849-1936) (1849-1936)
– Russian physiologist Russian physiologist – discovered conditioned reflexesdiscovered conditioned reflexes John Watson( 1878-1958)John Watson( 1878-1958)
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While you are experimenting, do not remain content with the surface of things.
Ivan Pavlov
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Freud & UnconsciousFreud & Unconscious Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic
Theory= emphasis on Theory= emphasis on the unconscious as a the unconscious as a behavior determinantbehavior determinant
Eros & ThanatosEros & Thanatos-Originally controversial-Originally controversial
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Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.
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Behaviorism FlourishesBehaviorism Flourishes
B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner (1904-1990) (1904-1990)– American psychologist at HarvardAmerican psychologist at Harvard– studied learning and effect of studied learning and effect of
reinforcementreinforcement– behaviorism behaviorism – Free Will is an illusionFree Will is an illusion– Prominence in 1950’sProminence in 1950’s
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Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.
B. F. Skinner
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The Humanists RevoltThe Humanists Revolt Humanism- Human beings have Humanism- Human beings have
freedom and endless growth freedom and endless growth potentialpotential
Carl Rogers and Abraham MaslowCarl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
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The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change
Carl Rogers
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Cognition and Physiology Cognition and Physiology ResurfaceResurface
In the 1960’s and 70’s emphasis on In the 1960’s and 70’s emphasis on mental processes ( consciousness) mental processes ( consciousness) and biological basis of behavior and biological basis of behavior reemerged.reemerged.
MRI- PET Scan, EEG MRI- PET Scan, EEG
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Evolutionary Psych DevelopsEvolutionary Psych Develops In the 1980’s and 90’s Darwin's ideas In the 1980’s and 90’s Darwin's ideas
resurfacedresurfaced