what is physics? unit 1. physics is the study of the physical world. any problem that deals with...
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What is Physics?
Unit 1
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• Physics is the study of the physical world.
• Any problem that deals with temperature, size, motion, position, shape or color involves Physics.
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• 7 Areas of physics include: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Optics, Electromagnetism, Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics
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Scientific Method• Observe
• Create and Test Hypothesis
• Interpret Results of Test• State Conclusions
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• Model – a replica or description designed to show the workings of an object or system.
• Controlled Experiment – an experiment used to test a hypothesis and that uses variables.
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•System – a set of items considered separately
•Scientific Hypothesis – an explanation for observations
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Measurements of Physics
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•The description of what kind of physical quantity is represented by certain measurement is called dimension or units.
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SI Base Units includeSI Base Units includeLength Length MetersMeters mmVolumeVolume LitersLiters LLMassMass KilogramKilogram kgkgTimeTime SecondsSeconds ssTemperatureTemperature KelvinKelvin KK
Derived units are units that are formed by combining base units.
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4 Types of Error• Human Error – You screwed up!• Method Error – Use a different
method to measure each time so you get different results.
• Parallax Error – Line of Sight error• Instrument Error – Your instrument is
wrong.
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Parallax Error• Hold a pencil at arms length and look
at it with one eye closed. Now close the open eye and open the other. Notice how the pencil appears to shift.
• This is an example of Parallax Error and can cause mistakes in measurements when reading meter sticks and other equipment.
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• Precision refers to the degree of exactness with which a measurement is made – measured with same result 3 times.
• Accuracy describes how close a measured value is to the true value.
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•SI is the standard measurement system used for science.
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Derived Units• All other units are
derived from the base units.
• Speed is length / time = meters/seconds
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SI prefixes
Factor Name Symbol
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deka da
Factor Name Symbol
10-1 deci d
10-2 centi c
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ
10-9 nano n
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Converting Metrics
• 1000 meters = 1 kilometer• Kilo = 1000• 100 centimeters = 1 meter• Centi = .015 meters = how many kilometers
5 m x 1 km = 5/1000 = .005 km
1000 m
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Metric Puzzle
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Converting English to Metrics
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1. What do you know? – List knowns.
50 miles hour
2. What do I want? – List unknowns.
*Want feet seconds
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3. Look at list of common conversions.
4. Start with the easier one (hours to seconds)
50 miles hour
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5. Since hours is on bottom, write 1 hour on top and the conversion for one hour on bottom.50 miles x 1 hour
hour 60 min
6. The hour cancels out and you are left with minutes.
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7. Change minutes by putting 1 minute on top and the conversion for one minute on bottom.
50 miles x 1 hour x 1min
hour 60 min 60 secs
8. The minutes cancel and you are left with seconds, which is want we wanted.
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9. Now start over with the miles conversion. Since miles is on top, to convert we put 1 mile on bottom.
50miles x 1hr x 1min x 5280ft hr 60 min 60 secs 1 mile
10. This causes the miles to cancel out and you are left with feet, which is what we wanted.
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11.Finally, do the math.
73.3 ft/sec =
50 miles/hr
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Common Conversions
• 1 pound = 16 ounces• 1 pound = 4.45 newtons• 1 kilogram = 1000 grams• 1 kilogram weighs 2.2 lbs or 9.8
newtons
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The Language of
Physics
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• Collect data from experiments then graph the data – use the graph and data to derive formulas.
• Y = mx +b; If distance is the Y axis, time is the x axis and b (y intercept = 0) then the formula would read;
• Distance = m (time) and m would be velocity or V = d/t
Graphs
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Greek Letters•∆ - Delta – means
“change in”•Σ – Sigma – means “sum” or “total”
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Deriving Units• T = 2π√L/g; If L is meters
and gravity is m/s2, what would T units be?
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Homework
•Worksheet Unit 1•Conversion Worksheet