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What is ‘Nano’?

SCI 102 SANYAL

Nano Robots that can sail through your blood…… Capture and Kill foreign objects??

Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)

6 billion people 8000 mile diameter

10 billion components 8 inch diameter

Nano in Therapeutics

Advanced Visual Instruments Inc. http://www.med.unibs.it/~marchesi/pps97/course/section11/insulin.html

Drugs: up to ~10 nm

Example: Insulin

Surgery: down to ~100 µm

Example: Ophthalmologic Microsurgery

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Cellular Components: Nano Dimension

Chemistry of Objects at Nanoscale: Macromolecules

& What has nanotechnology got to do with Macromolecules?

What is NanoTech?

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Why Nano?

BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PROPERTIES AT THE NANOSCALE PERMIT

NEW SOLUTIONS, NEW APPLICATIONS, NEW CAPABILITIES BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING

Nano Size Effects...

Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 ppm)

History of Nanoparticles

Lycurgus Cup 4th Century AD

Glazed Windows

Queensland University of Technology

History of Nanoparticles

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Effects of Size of nanocrystals:

Source: Mirkin Research Group

Effects of Nanoscale

Structural differences: Bulk Carbon

Nanoscale Carbon

Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima - 1991

C60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize

Graphite Diamond

Effects of Nanosize:

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Effects of Nanosize:

Surface Atoms effect CATALYSIS!

Where was NANO until now? NANO has been around since centuries but We can see it now…. Due to advancements in Instrumentation

  “Quantum Corral”   48 Fe atoms

positioned by the STM used to image them

http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html

NANO is everywhere now… No More Wet Pants….

Surface Modifications

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No need to be embarrased for smelly feet.... Hard to break….

Nanotube Reinforced Composites

Bouncier Balls….

Jan 2002

Clay nanocomposites

  LabNow Blood Analyser “Tiny channels in a card filter white from red blood cells. When the card is popped into the analysing machine, it can come up with a white-cell count in 10 to 15 minutes. This could be important for HIV/Aids treatment.”

Business Week   Bandages embedded with silver nanoparticles   Drug delivery via a patch   Thin films on implantations into the human

body (for example screws, joints, and stents) allowing devices to last longer

  Respiration monitors that are many times more sensitive

  Man-made skin for skin graft applications. National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network

Nano Health Care

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“Samsung has rolled out a line of fridges and washing machines that use nanocoatings to prevent nasty bugs from growing. Specks of silver, as small as one nanometer across, are used to coat surfaces. These nanoparticles are so electrically active that they inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungs. In its fridge, Samsung used the nanosilver in the deodorizer unit and water dispenser to sanitize the air and water that passes over them.” Business Week

Samsung Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator

How does nanosilver kill bacteria?

Driving Force of This Century?

Nanoscale delivery Agents

Cyclodextrin based Drug Formulations

Nano-Therapeutics

Functionalization with groups that recognize and kill cancer cells

Hope for multifunctional “smart” therapeutics

Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science

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Nano-Therapeutics

Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science

Synthesis of dendritic polymers

From Brad Orr, U of M

POLYMERS CAN BE SPHERICAL TOO!...Soft NanoBalls

Biomolecular Immobilization??

Chemical Reactions on patterened surfaces

Fabrication of Microstuctures and their Chemical Modifications:

Introduction of Microfabrication and Nanofabrication

1959….

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About half a Century later…….

Source: Mirkin Research Group