Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!

What is metabolism?- All the chemical reactions within the

cell

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Organisms are

constantly building and breaking down substances in their cells.Food serve as a

source of raw materials from which the cells of our body synthesize new molecules.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Tissues are constantly

built and repaired, ATP molecules are generated non-stop, energy stores (such as glycogen in the liver) are replenished as fast as they are drawn from, and a variety of hormones, enzymes and other operating chemicals and cells are regularly constructed.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Cellular respiration, removal of cellular

waste, and the recycling of worn-out cells and operating chemicals keep cells busy at breaking down substances.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!This chemical building up and breaking down

in cells is called metabolism. You can also look at metabolism as the sum of

all the ways in which an organism gets and uses energy

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Because of the demand for materials and

energy in the animal’s cells, the chemical reactions that make life possible have to take place quickly and efficiently.

Enzymes in the animal’s cells make this possible.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Enzymes are substances that speeds up

chemical reactions inside cells.Most of them are proteins molecules.

Lactase Enzyme

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Enzymes control the rates

of reactions without themselves being affected by the reactions.

Some reactions occur up to one million times faster with thousands of different enzymes, each one tailor-made for a specific chemical reaction.How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!When learning

about enzymes and how they work, it is best to think of an enzyme as a key that fits only one lock.

The lock is specific molecule, called the enzyme’s substrate.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!When an enzyme and its substrate come into

contact, chemical bonds form between them at a special place on the enzyme called the active site.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Bonding of the enzyme to the substrate at the

active site weakens, or “unlocks”, some of the bonds in the substrate molecule.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!As a result, the substrate can more easily

enter into chemical reactions.When two or more substrates are involved in

the reaction, the enzyme holds the molecules together at the point where the reacting molecules will connect.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!Consider this: Most chemical reactions

require a larger amount of energy to get started. If enzymes unlock some of the chemical bonds in the substrate molecule, thereby allowing it to more easily enter the chemical reactions, then we can actually say that enzymes lower the activation energy of the chemical reactions.

Metabolism and How ENZYMES work!The ultimate result is that chemical reactions

in the body can take place fast enough to sustain life.

What makes enzymes such marvels in nature is not only do they speed up chemical reactions in the organism’s cells, they can do so without being used up; they can be used repeatedly. Thus, the cell does not have to use extra energy to make new enzymes eat time an enzyme is involved in a chemical reaction.Enzyme Action