what is life? pages 34-40 organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but...
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WHAT IS LIFE?Pages 34-40
Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics
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SIX Characteristics of Life• Made up of cells• Made up of similar
chemicals• Uses energy• Grows and develops• Responds to the world
around them• Reproduces
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All living things are made of cells
• Cell: the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
• An organism can be made up of one cell (unicellular) or many cells working together (multi-cellular).
• We study cells with a microscope, WHY?
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All living things contain similar chemicals
• Water – Most abundant chemical in cells• Carbohydrates - Energy• Proteins – Building material of cells• Lipids (fats) – Building material of cells• Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
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All living things use energy.
• An organisms cells are always hard at work.
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All living things grow and develop.
• Growth: the process of becoming larger
Ex. This blue crab is molting b/c it grew too large for its old shell.
• Development: the process of change during life to become a more complex org.
Ex. Metamorphosis from an egg, larva, pupa, to finally an adult butterfly.
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All living things respond to their surroundings.
Stimulus: a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.
Response: an action or change in behavior
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All living things reproduce.Reproduce: to produce offspring that are similar to the parents
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Life ONLY arises from Life• Years ago it was believed
that living things could come from non-living things– Ex. Flies came from rotting
meat– Frogs came from mud
puddles
• Spontaneous generation: the mistaken idea that living things can arise from non-living sources.
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Two Scientists Worked Hard to DISPROVE this Mistaken Theory• Francisco Redi’s Experiment
– People believed flies came from rotting meat– Redi hypothesized that they came from
microscopic EGGS that were laid on the meat.– Redi performed a controlled experiment in which
put meat in two jars….one he left uncovered.– The flies got into one jar and not the other.
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• Louis Pasteur’s Experiment– People believed bacteria came from chicken soup– Pasteur hypothesized that the bacteria was
carried in the air and reproduced in the warm broth.
– Pasteur performed a controlled experiment in which put soup in two flasks
– He boiled both flasks of soup to kill any pre-existing bacteria, then topped one flask while the other was left open.
– After a few days, soup got cloudy with bacteria, in the open flask, the closed remained clear.
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The Needs of Living Things• Energy
– Autotroph (gets energy from the sun) vs. Heterotroph (gets energy from eating)
• Water• Living Space• Stable Internal Conditions
– Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal conditions