what is karst? italy slovenia. two dominant types of karst landscape? determined by the origin or...
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WHAT IS KARST?
ITALY
SLOVENIA
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TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
Determined by the origin or “genesis” of the waters doing the solution
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TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
1. Autogenic: Waters originate as precipitation directly over the region of Karst. Auto = “self” genesis
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TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
1. Autogenic: Waters originate as precipitation directly over the region of Karst……. Auto = “self” genesis.
2. Allogenic: Waters originate in some region other than the Karst and then flow over the limestone – generally as a river….. Allo = Spanish “Allí” = “there” … i.e. Not here!
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WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL FEATURES OF AN AUTOGENIC KARST
LANDSCAPE?
Central and South Florida
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Limestone
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Limestone
Sand
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
CO2 concentration in soil 10x that of atmosphere!
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Highly acid water low
CaCO3 content.Aggressive!
Picks out layers (bedding planes) and vertical joints
for erosion.
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Bedding planes and vertical joints
enlarged by erosion.
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Groundwatertable
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Groundwatertable rises -more water,
greater soil mass
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Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Heavy, saturated soil collapses into
underground cavern system, causing surface
sinkhole.
Period of heavy rains such as tropical storms, hurricanes or stationary fronts
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Limestone
Sand
During protracted drought the water table
drops, leaving some caverns
near the surface empty of water.
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Limestone
Sand
Roof of cave collapses when no
longer supported by water,
and soil falls into sinkhole
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Limestone
Sand
Most local streams flow into, but not out of lakes. They leave the region
underground via the cave
system.
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ORLANDO AREA
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“SINK HOLE PLAIN”, WEST VIRGINIA
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CockPit Country, Jamaica
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WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL FEATURES OF AN ALLOGENIC
KARST LANDSCAPE?
North Central Florida
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LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
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CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
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SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
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SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
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SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
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SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
Excess Water fills pores – “perched” or “surficial” water table
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SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
Free or Gravitational Water moves horizontallyalong the geologic junction.
Excess Water fills pores – “perched” or “surficial” water table
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Water table intersects land surface as “springs” and
“seeps”, the origin of most creeks in Gainesville
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HOGTOWN CREEK BOULEWARE SPRINGS
GLEN SPRINGS
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SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
Payne’s Prairie
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SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
Biven’s ArmKanapaha Prairie
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SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’O’Leno and River RiseState Parks
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O’LENOSTATE PARK
RIVER RISESTATE PARK
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Gainesville Sun May 15, 2012
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Gainesville Sun May 15, 2012
Limestone concealedbeneath Hawthorne Formation
Limestone at or near the surface
O’Leno andRiver RiseParks
PaynesPrairie