what is in the obc sb-10 update? · what is in the obc sb-10 update? the ontario architects...

What is in the OBC SB-10 Update? The Ontario Architects Association Perspective

Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use in New Buildings

1

Introduction

2

OBC Introduced SB-10 in 2007

Prescribed minimum energy performance

MNECB-1997 + ASHRAE 90.1-2004

Update published in July 2011, effective Jan 2012

Implementation of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 + ASHRAE

189.1-2009 envelope values

Three methods of compliance

Performance (3 baselines in performance)

Prescriptive + envelope trade-off

Prescriptive

Today will focus on prescriptive path

OBC Compliance Paths

10

OBC Compliance

90.1-2010

+ Chapter 2

90.1 + Chapter 2 Mandatories

90.1 Prescriptive + Chapter 2

Energy modeling against 90.1 +

Chapter 2 prescriptive

25% Less than MNECB

MNECB Mandatories Energy Modeling against MNECB

prescriptive

5% Less than 90.1 2010

90.1 Mandatories Energy modeling

against 90.1 prescriptive

Today’s

Focus

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 / SB-10 Prescriptive

Path

11

Outlines minimum performance parameters for:

Wall, Roofs, Windows elements etc.

Prescriptive and performance paths for insulation

Weighted U-value allowed for some trade-offs within element type

Envelope Trade-off calculations required for trade-offs across element

types

Maximum fenestration-to-wall ratio 40%

Installed lighting power density

Receptacle requirements

Labeling (insulation, fenestration)

HVAC plant minimum performance requirements (boilers, chillers)

HVAC distribution performance requirements (fans, pumps)

etc

90.1 Adoption as Building Code

Most widely adopted building energy standard in North

America

British Columbia

90.1-2004

Vancouver

90.1-2007

Ontario

90.1-2010 +

189.1-2009

envelope

12

90.1 History of Energy Improvements

13

0

100

200

300

400

500

Before 1920 1920-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2004

Tota

l En

ergy

Inte

nsi

ty (

ekW

h/m

²)

Year building was contructed

Energy Use of All Buildings – By Age of Construction

Ref: Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use, NRCAN 2005

Zero energy buildings by

year 3300

14

90.1-2010 Section 3

15

Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms OK sounds boring… BUT

How to interpret RATED R-VALUE

How to interpret SPANDREL

How to interpret METAL ROOF

How to interpret ADOPTING AUTHORITY

How to interpret BASELINE BUILDING DESIGN

How to interpret ATTIC ROOF

How to interpret SKYLIGHT

How to interpret FENESTRATION AREA

How to interpret F-FACTOR, U-FACTOR, C-FACTOR

How to interpret CONTINUOUS INSULATION!

AND LOTS OF OTHER STUFF!

Read this section! (hint spandrel, U-factor, Continuous Insulation) FYI: Spandrel sucks!

90.1-2010 Section 4

16

Administration and Enforcement

Interpretations, claims of exemption and rights of appear are

specified by the authority having jurisdiction

Conflict with other laws, codes etc, to be determined by

authority having jurisdiction

Normative Appendices are considered a part of the standard

Interpretations can be asked directly to ASHRAE

Informal or

Formal

90.1 Section 5

90.1 Requirements

SB-10 Revisions

17

90.1 – Air Barriers / Vestibules

5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier

Clearly identified or otherwise noted on construction documents for each assembly

The joints, interconnections and penetrations shall be detailed or otherwise noted

5.4.3.1.A. Air Barrier Materials, Assemblies and Systems

(1) The air barrier materials, assemblies and systems that are in conformance with Part 5 of Division B of the Building Code shall be deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 5.4.3.1.3 and Sentence 5.4.3.2.

5.4.3.4 Shall have vestibules, exceptions:

Building entrances with revolving doors

Doors not intended to be a building entrance

Doors opening directly from a dwelling unit

Building is less than 90 m²

Doors separate from the building entrance that open unto a space under 280 m²

18

Division 3 Chapter 2 Revision

19

Mandatories insulation details introduced from MNECB

1997

5.5.3.5.1 Slabs 5.5.3.5.2 Continuity

of Insulation

Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal

Bridging Can be Ignored for….

5.5.3.7/8 For the purposes of Section 5, the effects of thermal bridging are waived for: continuous steel shelf angles (or

similar structural element) used to support the building facade provided there is a thermal break

structural connections of load bearing elements where a thermal break cannot be achieved

exposed structural projections of buildings where the total cross-sectional area of the exposed element does not exceed 2%

ties in masonry construction,

flashing, and

top exposed portion of foundation walls provided the exposure does not exceed 200 mm

20

90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope

Climate Definitions

21

Climate Zone Definitions for Ontario

Zone Number Thermal Criteria

Zone 5 HDD18 < 4000

Zone 6 4000 < HDD18 < 5000

Zone 7 HDD18 > 5000

If space is electrically heated, then

ALWAYS use Zone 7

90.1 Chapter 5

Space Conditioning Categories

90.1 Section 5.5

Comply with Tables

(SB5.5-5 thru -7)

Minimum RATED R-values

of insulation

Maximum U-Factor, C-

Factor or F-Factor

Appendix A tables

Appendix A9 calculations

2-D calculations (e.g. Therm)

22

90.1 Chapter 5 How to Use Envelope Tables

Determine Climate Zone 5, 6 or 7

Determine envelope category Roof

Insulation above deck

Metal Building

Attic & other

Walls above grade Mass

Metal Building

Steel-framed

Wood-framed & other

Etc.

Determine space conditioning category Non-Residential

Residential

Semi-heated

Today’s examples will be: Climate Zone 6

Non-Residential

23

90.1 Chapter 5 – Building Envelope Requirements

Climate Zone 5 (SB-10 revisions)

24

90.1 Section 5 – Above Grade Wall

Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

25

Steel Framed Wall: Includes curtain-wall / window-wall

spandrel panel

ASHRAE Appendix A Steel-Frame Walls

27

ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly

U/C/F-Factor Look-up Tables

28

Roofs

A2.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck

A2.3 Metal Building Roofs

A2.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists

A2.4.2 Single Rafter Roofs

A2.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists

Walls

A3.1A Above-Grade Concrete Walls and Masonry Walls

A3.1B U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete

A3.1C U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete Block Walls

A3.1D Effective R-Values for Insulation/Framing Layers Added to Above/Below Grade Mass Wall

A3.2 Metal Building Walls

A3.3 Steel-Frame Walls

A3.4 Wood-Frame Walls

A4.2 Below Grade Walls

Exposed Floors

A5.2 Mass Floors

A5.3 Steel Joist Floors

A5.4 Wood Joist Floors

Slab on Grade Floors

A6.3 Slab on Grade Floors

13 mm drywall

102 mm steel stud @ 400

mm oc

13 mm exterior sheathing

102 mm z-girt @

600 mm oc with semi-

rigid

Metal siding

Metal Cladding with Z-Girts

29

Metal Cladding with Z-Girts

Nominal R-15 OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Actual R-8.6 Assembly: U-0.116 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

30

13 mm drywall

102 mm steel stud @ 400

mm oc

13 mm exterior sheathing

51 mm z-girt @

600 mm oc with spray

foam

51 mm z-girt @

600 mm oc with spray

foam

Metal siding

Metal Cladding with Orthogonal Z-Girts and

Spray Foam

31

Metal Cladding with X Z-Girts and Spray

Foam

32


Actual R-21 Assembly: U-0.048 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Spandrel ??

33


Actual R-4.0 Assembly: U-0.250 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Spandrel will be challenging (condensation?)

34

With 1” XPS interior insulation

Nominal R-19

Actual R-9.1

OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Assembly: U-0.11 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

With 2” XPS interior insulation

Nominal R-24

Actual R-14.2

OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

Assembly: U-0.070 BTU/hr-ft²-°F

90.1 Section 5 – Maximum Fenestration

Area

35

5.5.4.2.1 Vertical

Fenestration Area

The total vertical

fenestration area shall be

less than 40% of the gross

wall area

R3

R4

R2 Modern

Old

Perhaps this is the reason why?

36

Glass and the Walls they’re in… - John Straube

37

90.1 Section 5 Fenestration Orientation

38

5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation

“South” Fenestration Area must greater or equal to “west” and

“east”

As ≥ Aw and As ≥ Ae

Exceptions for nearly any site restrictions

Topography, adjacent structures within 6 meters

Exceptions for 5.5.4.4.1 (street side fenestration)

90.1 Section 5 – Fenestration Requirements

(SB-10 revisions)

39

Window heat loss

Flanking (and

installation)

Frame

Edge of Glass

Centre of Glass

glazing

system

U-value

Curtain Wall Plan View

40

90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration

Performance

41

5.8.2 Vertical Fenestration U-Factors & SHGC shall be

determined in accordance with:

Standard NRFC 100 or

CSA-A440.2 or

90.1-2010 Table A8.2 – not recommended!

90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration

Performance

FramePlus Online

Can be used for estimating

whole window

performance

Not for compliance!

http://tools.enermodal.com

/webframeplus

42

http://tools.enermodal.com/webframeplus

http://tools.enermodal.com/webframeplus

FramePlus Online Curtain-Wall

Performance

43

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fen

est

rati

on

Syst

em

U-v

alu

e

Curtain Wall Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Curtain Wall System U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

FramePlus Online Punched Alum Window

Performance

44

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fen

est

rati

on

Syst

em

U-v

alu

e

Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Punched Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

FramePlus Online Casement/Awning Alum

Window Performance

45

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fen

est

rati

on

Syst

em

U-v

alu

e

Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm

Casement/Awning Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]

Dbl SB60 Argon

Tpl SB60 Argon

Climate Zone 5 & 6

Climate Zone 7

90.1 Section 5 Envelope Trade-Offs within

Prescriptive Path – Area Weighted

46

Area weighted U / C / F factors within

Class of construction and

Space conditioning category

Can trade off:

Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls with

Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls

Attic / Non-Residential Roof with

Attic / Non-Residential Roof

Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential with

Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential

Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Area

Weighted U-Factor

Gross Walls

160,800 U-Factor Reff

W1 Spandrel 50,700 31.5% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 50,700 31.5% 0.055 18.2

Window 59,400 37.0%

Uavg 0.104

Ravg 9.576

Gross Walls 160,800 U-Factor Reff

W1 Spandrel 50,700 31.5% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 50,700 31.5% 0 Infinite!

Window 59,400 37.0%

Uavg 0.077

Ravg 13.000


W1 Spandrel 25,300 15.7% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 76,100 47.3% 0.022 45.5

Window 59,400 37.0%

Uavg 0.055

Ravg 18.195

U-Factor Target for Steel Frames Walls: 0.055

47

Envelope Trade-Offs within Prescriptive

Path – Building Envelope Trade-off

90.1 Section 5.6

comply with:

5.1General

5.4 Mandatories

5.7 Submittals

5.8 Product information and

installation requirements

the envelope performance factor

is less than or equal to budget

building

Appendix C calculations

Do not try this at home!

Software Tool: ComCheck

OBC version being developed

48

ComCheck Software (Version 3.9.1 Shown)

49

OBC Version being developed

Exceeding 60% fenestration will still be a challenge with

only envelope trade-offs

Complying with Prescriptive Envelope:

Building Envelope Trade-Off: Wall Insulation


W1 Spandrel 50,700 31.5% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 50,700 31.5% 0.055 18.2

Window 59,400 37.0%

-7% below code


W1 Spandrel 50,700 31.5% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 50,700 31.5% 0 Infinite!

Window 59,400 37.0%

-2% below code


W1 Spandrel 25,350 15.7% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 76,050 47.3% 0.036 28

Window 59,400 37.0%

+0.1% above code


W1 Spandrel 33,800 21.0% 0.154 6.5

W2 Steel Frame 67,600 42% 0.022 45.5

Window 59,400 37.0%

+0.1% above code

50

Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Building

Envelope Trade-Off: Walls and Punched Window

Envelope 160,800 U-Factor Reff

W1 Steel Frame 80,400 50% 0.055 18.2

Code Punched Window 80,400 50% 0.45

-5% below code


W1 Steel Frame 80,400 50% 0.011 91

Code Punched Window 80,400 50% 0.45

+0.1% above code


W1 Steel Frame 56,250 35% 0.055 18.2

Hi-Perf Double Punched

Window 104,550 65% 0.32

+0.1% above code


W1 Spandrel 8,000 5% 0.154 6.5

Super Windows (3pl) 153,000 95% 0.22

+2% above code

51

Building Envelope Compliance Summary

52

Prescriptive Weighted

U-Value /

SHGC

Envelope

Trade-Off

Whole

Building

Energy Model

FWR ≤40% ≤40% ≤40% in baseline ≤40% in baseline

Fenestration

Tables SB5.5-5

thru -7

Tables SB5.5-5

thru -7

and within same

assembly type

and

conditioned

space

Compared to

Tables SB5.5-5

thru -7

Compared to

Tables SB5.5-5

thru -7 and

HVAC / Electrical

prescriptive

targets

Walls

Roof

90.1 Section 6:

90.1 Requirements

SB-10 Revisions

Mostly just Canadian

Standards

53

HVAC Section 6 Heating/Cooling

Peformance

Mandatory

Minimum

Equipment

Efficiencies Tables

6.8.1 A-K

Equipment not

regulated by

NAECA shall have

permanent label

stating compliance

with 90.1

Equipment Minimum Efficiency

Air Conditioners COP 3.2 – 3.8

Heat Pumps COPc >3.2

COPh > 2.2

Chillers Air Cooled COP IPLV > 3.6

Reciprocating COP IPLV > 5.6

Centrifugal COP IPLV > 5.9

Furnaces > 78% AFUE or

> 80% thermal efficiency

Boilers under 88 kW / 300 MBH 80%

Over 733 kW / 2500 MBH 82%

Heat Rejection Axial Fan Open-circuit >3.23 L/(s-kW)

Centrifugal Fan Open-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)

Axial Fan Closed-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)

Centrifugal Fan Closed-circuit 0.59 L/(s-kW)

54

90.1 Section 6 – Variable Fan/Pump

Control

55

6.5.3.2.1 All Fan motors > 7.4 kW / 10 hp shall have one

of:

Variable speed drive

Variable pitch blades (axial fans)

Other controls capable of achieving 30% energy consumption

at 50% design flow

6.5.4.1 Systems having a total pump system power greater

than 7.5 kW / 10 hp shall be variable speed

Differential pressure transducer located where greatest

pressure difference will occur

90.1 Section 6 – Exhaust Air Heat Recovery

56

50% energy recovery

required for most multi-

zone systems

Exempt if

the largest single source of

exhaust is less than 75% of

O/A rate

More than 60% of outdoor

air heating from site solar

or site recovered energy

Operates less than

20 hr/week

% Outdoor Air at

Full Design

Airflow Rate

Design Supply Air

Flow Rate

≥ 30% and < 40% > 2596 L/s > 5500

CFM

≥ 40% and < 50% > 2124 L/s > 4500

CFM

≥ 50% and < 60% > 1652 L/s > 3500

CFM

≥ 60% and < 70% > 944 L/s > 2000

CFM

≥ 70% and < 80% > 472 L/s > 1000

CFM

> 80% > 0 > 0

90.1 Section 7

90.1 Requirements

SB-10 Revisions

Canadian Standards

7.4.5.2 Heated exterior

public pools and public spas

shall be equipped with a

pool cover

Unless 60% of their annual

heating from site-recovered

or solar sources

57

90.1 Section 8

8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle Control For private offices, open office

and computer classrooms

50% of receptacles shall have either Occupancy sensors

On a schedule to turn off during unoccupied hours

Any other means to ensure power is turned off during unoccupied hours

Exceptions where it can be shown that equipment needs to be on continuously

58

90.1 Section 9 Occupant sensor or timer switch

shall be used in:

Classrooms and lecture halls

Conference, meeting and training rooms

Employee lunch and break rooms

Storage and supply rooms (15 to 305 m²)

Rooms used for document copying and printing

Office spaces up to 76 m²

Restrooms

Dressing, locker and fitting rooms

Exception for space

With multi-scene control

Shop and laboratory classrooms

where automatic lights would endanger safety or security

24-hour operation spaces

59

90.1 Section 9 Lighting Power Density

60

Table 9.5.1 ASHRAE 90.1 LPD using Building Area Method 2007 2010 Reduction

Building Area Type W/m2 W/m2 Automotive facility 10 8.8 12% Convention centre 13 11.6 11% Courthouse 13 11.3 13% Dining: bar lounge/leisure 14 10.7 24% Dining: cafeteria/fast food 15 9.7 35% Dining: family 17 9.6 44% Dormitory 11 6.6 40% Exercise centre 11 9.5 14% Fire station N/A 7.6 N/A Gymnasium 12 10.8 10% Health-care clinic 11 9.4 15% Hospital 13 13 0% Hotel 11 10.8 2% Library 14 12.7 9% Manufacturing facility 14 11.9 15% Motel 11 9.5 14%

61

Table 9.5.1 ASHRAE 90.1 LPD using Building Area

Method 2007 2010 Reduction Building Area Type W/m2 W/m2 Motion picture theatre 13 8.9 32% Multifamily 8 6.5 19% Museum 12 11.4 5% Office 11 9.7 12% Parking garage 3 2.7 10% Penitentiary 11 10.4 5% Performing arts theatre 17 15 12% Police/fire station 11 10.3 6% Post office 12 9.4 22% Religious builidng 14 11.3 19% Retail 16 15.1 6% School/university 13 10.7 18% Sports arena 12 8.4 30% Town hall 12 9.9 18% Transportation 11 8.3 25% Warehouse 9 7.1 21% Workshop 15 2.9 81%

Average

reduction

in LPD 19%

What about Division 4?

62

Division 4 of SB 10:

if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC

and,

does not contain a residential occupancy, and

does not use electric space heating, and,

is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the

winter months

i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings

Division 4 Building Envelope

63

Largely the same as the SB5-5 Tables of Division 3

Fewer climate zone, space categories, envelope types

If Vertical fenestration gross area exceeds 40% or

Skylights exceed 5%

Use Division 3 paths (including trade-offs and energy modeling)

SB-10 Division 4 – Building Envelope

Requirements

64

SB-10 Division 4 – HVAC Requirements

65

Multi-zone systems

Revert to Division 3 (90.1-2010 + SB10 Revisions)

Single-zone systems

Use Division 3 90.1-2010 equipment performance values

Plus details on next slide…. (largely reminiscent of 90.1-2010)

SB-10 Division 4 Single Zone HVAC Details

66

(4) An air-conditioning system with a cooling capacity of 40 kW or more shall have an economizer,

(a) controlled by appropriate high limit shut-off control, and

(b) equipped with either barometric or powered relief sized to prevent excess pressurization of the building.

(5) Outdoor air dampers for economizer use shall be provided with blade and jamb seals.

(6) A heat recovery ventilator with a recovery effectiveness of 50% or more at the outside winter design temperature shall be provided where the quantity of the outdoor air supplied to the air duct distribution system is,

(a) more than 1 400 L/s, and

(b) more than 70% of the supply air quantity of the system.

(7) Where a heat recovery ventilator is installed, the system shall have provisions to bypass or control the heat recovery ventilator to permit operation of the air economizer.

(8) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.

(9) Except for a system requiring continuous operation, a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that has a cooling or heating capacity greater than 4.4 kW and a supply fan motor rated for more than 0.5 kW shall be provided with a time clock that,

(a) is capable of starting and stopping the system under different schedules for seven different day-types per week,

(b) is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a period of 10 hours or more,

(c) includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the system for up to two hours,

(d) is capable of temperature setback down to 13°C during off-hours, and

(e) is capable of temperature setup to 32°C during off-hours.

(10) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serves the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling.

(11) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system with a design supply air capacity greater than 5000 L/s shall have optimum start controls.

SB-10 Division 4 – Lighting Requirements

67

Largely taken from 90.1-2010

When should I expect an Energy Model to

Demonstrate Compliance?

68

Opaque wall assembly has lots of thermal bridging

standard spandrel panel has very low insulating value

z-girt walls

steel frames walls without exterior insulation

High amounts of glazing (>40%)

Up to 65% with very best double glazed

Up to 95% with triple glazed (super windows)

Curtain wall and window wall buildings

Likely Building Types

Condominiums

Offices

Performance Compliance Paths

69

25% less than MNECB

5% less than 90.1-2010 (without SB-10 revisions)

Less than or equal to SB-10 (90.1-2010 + SB-10 revisions)

Design must comply with mandatory requirements

Reference complies with prescriptive requirements of:

MNECB,

90.1-2010 or

SB-10

Overall building energy consumption

proposed design vs. reference design

regulated loads only

90.1-20XX Impact on the Market

Product suppliers are

paying attention

70

www.enermodal.com

Closing Quotes

71

Ludwig Wittgenstein (engineer, mathematician, philosopher)

“I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in order to enjoy ourselves.”

W.H. Auden (poet)

“We are all here on earth to help others; what on earth the others are here for I don't know.”

Kurt Vonnegut (writer)

"We are put on earth to fart around....don't let any one tell you any different."

what is in the obc sb-10 update? · what is in the obc sb-10 update? the ontario architects...

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